Gramatica de Libro By: McKenzie Feyerabend
Gramatica de Libro
By: McKenzie Feyerabend
Table of Contents1) Front Cover2) Table of Contents3) Present tense4) Stem changers 5) Irregular6) Saber vs. Conocer7) Reflexives8) Se impersonal9) Verbs like gustar10) Irregular verbs11) Hacer expressions12) Imperfect13) Preterite tense14) Comparatives/ Superlatives15) Future
Presente – Ar, Er, Ir verbos
Ar Er Ir
-o -o -o
-as -es -es-a -e -e
-amos -emos -imos
-an -en -en
Stem Change
--No se cambian en el nosotros ni vosotros
“e” se convierte a “ie”“e” se convierte a “I”“o” se convierte a “ue”“u” se convierte a “ue”
Irregulares en el presente
“go”, “zco”, y los demas verbos
Saber vs. Conocer
• Both mean to know.
• Irregular in yo form. (Se, conozco)
Saber- Used to express knowledge of facts.
Conocer- Used to express familiarity with places or people.
Reflexives
Me Te Se Nos Se
El tiene que banarse.
Command: Banate
Conjugated verb: Te banas
Se Impersonal
Passive voice- No specific person
Reciprocal action
Verbs like Gustar
In english we use “liking”, but in spanish it doesn’t exist.
Example: Maria le gusta escuela. It is more direct.
Hacer Expressions
Irregular—Cucharacha verbs
• Andar- Anduve
• Estar- Estuv
• Poder- Pude
• Poner- Pus
• Quere- Quis
• Saber- Sup
• Tener- Tuv
• Vener- Vin
• Conducir- Conduj
• Producir- Produj
• Traducir- Traduj
• Decir- Dij
• Traer- Traj
-Uir/guir, -cer/cir, -ger/gir
• Gu-O en yo. (E-I)
• Cer/cir- (c-z) en yo
• (c-zc)
Irregular--Spock
IR/SER• Fui• Fuiste• Fue• Fuimos• Fueron
DAR/VER• I
• Iste
• Io
• Imos
• ieronHACER• Hice
• Hiciste
• Hizo
• Hicimos
• hicieron
El Imperfecto-- snakes
In third person
Leer, creer, oir change the I to Y in third person.
El imperfecto
Used to express actions in the past that occurred repeatedly or over a long period of time.
Preterite-tense verbs with spelling
Pedir (e>i)Dormir (o>u)
Pedi DormiPediste DormistePedio DurmioPedimos DormimosPediesteis DormisteisPidieron Durmieron
Preterite
Endings: e, aste, o, amos, aron
Past action that is completed.
Triggers:
Comparatives/Superlatives
Mas..que - more than
Menos…que - less than
Tan…como - as (much) as
Tanto…como - as much
Definite article + noun + mas or menos + adjective
Future
Endings: e, as, a, emos, an
Irregulars: poner– pondre. Decir– dire
Triggers:
Ser vs. Estar
• Descriptions
• Origin De..
• Characteristics
• Time
• Occupation
• Relationships
• Events
• Dates
SER
• Health
• Emotions
• Location
• Present Condition
• ING- Ar>ando
• Er/Ir> iendo/yendo
ESTAR
Dipthongs with accents
Verbs like estudiar and limpiar do not require accents because the stress is not placed on the “I”
Hacer + ___ + que + ___
Adjectivos
Mas, menos, tan, tanto
Ser vs. Estar
SER Descriptions-Lapiz,
Cuaderno Origin de..Mexico, Peru Characteristics- alto, baja Time- Es la una, Son las Occupation- doctor Relationships-Hermano/
hermanastro Possession- De quien es.. Events- De la clase, fiesta Dates- Lunes, Martes
ESTAR Health- bien, mal
Emotions-Triste
Location- la case, la escuela
Present Condition- sucio, cerrado
Table of Contents parte dos!Preterite/Imperfect
Future/Conditional
Por
Para
Por vs. para
Commands
Present Perfect
Double Object pronouns
Adverbs
Subjunctive
Se Impersonal
Progressive
Preterite vs. Imperfecto
Endings:
e, aste, o, amos, aronPast action
that is completed.
Used to express actions in the past that occurred repeatedly or over a long period of time.
Future/ Conditional
Helps you talk about what would happen under certain conditions.
Irregular stem- same endings.
Dicir Dire DiriaEndings—• Ia• Ias• Ia• Iamos• ian
Por
Motion
Destination
Purpose or goal
Recepient of something operation
"¿Por qué?" means "Why?" (for what reason) while "¿Para qué?“means "Why?" (for what purpose).
Para
• Destination• Deadline or specific time in the future• Purpose or goal• Recipient of something• Comparisions with other or to give an
opinion• In the employ of
Por VS Para
Motion
Destination
Purpose or goal
Recepient of something operation
"¿Por qué?" means "Why?" (for what reason) while "¿Para qué?“means "Why?" (for what purpose).
• Destination• Deadline or specific time in
the future• Purpose or goal• Recipient of something• Comparisions with other or
to give an opinion• In the employ of
Commands!
Used to tell someone to do something.
Ejemplo: Haga la tarea. (Do your homework)
Present Perfect
It means “has” or “have” done something.
I have studied he estudio.• Place He before the verb.
Has Ha Hemos Han
Double Object Pronouns
When a direct object pronoun and an indirect object pronoun are in the same sentence, the indirect object pronoun goes before the DO pronoun.
Ejemplo: Ellan me los dicen.
Make it negative by putting no before the pronouns.
Ejemplo: No me lo dice.
Adverbs
Adverbs usually have ~mente at the end of the word. It is like -ly in english.
rapidamente
mal
perfectamente
Subjunctives
• Indicate mood• states facts, actions, and attitudes• Ar- e, es, e, emos, en• Er- a, as, a, amos, an• Irregular-
• dar, estar, ir, saber, ser, hay• Dar- de, des, de, demos, den
Se impersonal
se= one/people
¿Se puede nadar en el lago?
Can you swim in the lake? / Can one swim in the lake?
Se is used as the reflexive pronoun for third-person uses (including when usted or ustedes is the subject).
Progressive w/ Ir, Andar, y Seguir
Ir
Andar
Seguir (e-i)
+ ando/iendo/yendoIs slowly but surely ___ing
+ ando/iendo/yendoIs going around ___ing
+ ando/iendo/yendoIs still ____ing