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Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)
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Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Dec 14, 2015

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Page 1: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Got Citizenship in the Ancient World?

Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Page 2: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

CitizenshipImportant Factors in discussing Citizenship

1. Class: Upper / lower – Free/slave

2. Economic Relationship: to city, state, etc.

3. Polis / City: Polity

4. Government: Managing the Polis

Page 3: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

ExamplesGreece, Mesopotamia, Rome

Page 4: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Indo-European People

Page 5: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Greece / Hellas

Indo-European Invasion /Settlement (1000 BCE)

Page 6: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Invasion of the Hellas / GreeceIndo-European Greek speaking people

Second millennium BCE (Knossos / Crete destroyed 1450 BCE)

Page 7: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

MycenaeansGreek speaking Indo-European invaders

Second Millennium BCE

Page 8: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Classical Period

Greek City-States: independent

Sparta, Athens, Corinth, Argos, etc.

Page 9: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

The Two Cities: Sparta & Athens

Examples of diversity among the Helens

Our thought and ancient thought

Page 10: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Sparta

City-State

Helots

Plots of land

Food production

Group solidarity

Page 11: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Athens: It’s been Revolutionary for Ages!

8th-6th BCEAthensArchons: AristocratsKylon: RevolutionaryTyranny: Order Miasma: shedding of bloodDrakon: Man or Myth? Law: Orality vs. Written

Solon

Page 12: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Athenian Democracy

Demos = peopleSolon 594 BCETyranny Cleisthenes 509 BCEDemocracyDirect involvement Women/slaves/foreignersDemocracy / Mediocrity Philosopher-King

Page 13: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Ostracism / OstraconNo one citizen is above others

Aristotle: Athenian Constitution 22:

“The first person banished by ostracism was one of his relatives, Hipparchus son of Charmus of the deme of Collytus, the desire to banish whom had

been Cleisthenes'

principal motive in

making the law”

Page 14: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Mesopotamia

City clusters / Fourth millemium BCE

Page 15: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Politics of the CityWarfare: enslavement of the other

Economic benefits

Page 16: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Citizens

“Sons of the City”

Polis

Social-Economic

Rights & Laws

Page 17: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Mesopotamian LawBe it enacted forever and for all future days: If a son say to

his father: “You are not my father,” he (the father) can cut off his (son’s) locks, make him a slave and sell him for money. If a son say to his mother, “you are not my mother,” she can cut off his locks, turn him out of town, or (at least) drive him away from home, deprive him of citizenship and of inheritance, but his liberty he loses not

Page 18: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Roman

Page 19: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Indo-European Invasion

Italic Speaking Indo-European People

Invasion, assimilation

Co-existence

Page 20: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Romans

509 BCE

I. Roman Republic (509 BCE – 31 BCE)

City of Rome 8th BCE

Page 21: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Roman Politics

Forum = Agora

Senate

Senators 300

Kings and

Imperium

Page 22: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Class Conflict

Citizenship & Participation: 509-343 BCE

Patricians = upper class

Plebeians = lower class

4 Tribunes

Page 23: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

12 TablesLaw Code (450 BCE)

Plebeian agitation / Class

Curbing arbitrary power

I “If he has broken the bone of a free man, the penalty is to be 300 (large copper coins); in the case of a salve, 150

Page 24: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

12 Tables: Privileges & Protections

IX: Concerning a citizen’s rights, they are to declare under oath what they consider best for the community

XI: There is not to be intermarriage with the plebs

Page 25: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Slavery

Spartacus 109 BCE-71 BCE

Soldier / Slave

Gladiator

73 BCE with 70 gladiators

Ravaging Rome

Support from Slave

Pompey: victor

Page 26: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Roman Expansion

Punic Wars

Roman Republic & Carthaginian Kingdom

3 wars

Second war

Attack on Rome

Hannibal

Page 27: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Mediterranean Sea

mare nostrum = “our sea”

Page 28: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Male Citizen of Rome

Paterfamilias = man of the house

money

life & death

Slaves

Sell family into slavery

Page 29: Got Citizenship in the Ancient World? Touraj Daryaee (UC Irvine)

Emperor CaracallaEdict of Caracalla: Civis “Citizen”

212 CE Full Citizenship beyond Italia to all free men of the empire