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Good Governance and Accountability Eko Prasojo
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Good Governance and Accountability

Apr 12, 2016

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Good Governance and Accountability
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Page 1: Good Governance and Accountability

Good Governance and Accountability

Eko Prasojo

Page 2: Good Governance and Accountability

Contract Between Government and Citizen

• Constitution as broadest principle

• National Laws and Regulation

• Regional and Local regulation

• Active Citizens Involvement in Government

Page 3: Good Governance and Accountability

What is Governance (UNDP 1997)

• The use of political authority and exercise of control over a society and the management of resources for social and economic development

• Incorporation a political dimension (commitment to achieve public goods) and a technical dimension (efficient of management)

Page 4: Good Governance and Accountability

Governance is:

• the complex mechanisms, process, relationships and institutions through which citizens and groups articulate their interests, exercise their rights and obligations and mediate their differences

Page 5: Good Governance and Accountability

Governance is shifting paradigm of state

It is based on the paradigm shift in the role of the state from controlling to providing a macroeconomic and micro economic environment that creates incentive for efficient economic activities, establishes and enforces institutional arrangements such as law and order, rules and property rights to domestic and international investment and provides basic social services and framework for human resource development (Cheema, 2005).

Page 6: Good Governance and Accountability

Dari Government ke Governance

Page 7: Good Governance and Accountability

What is the differences between Government and Governance

• Government as structure, governance as process

• Government as polititician and bureaucrat, governance as whole elements of state

• Government is single dimension, governance is multi dimension

• Government is “providing”, governance is “enabling”

Page 8: Good Governance and Accountability

The Essence of Good Governance

• Legitimacy: the public’s acceptance of the authority

• Accountability: Assuring the legitimacy through the accountable performance

• Management effectiveness: Performance orientation and transparent procedures

• Availability of information about laws, procedures and results

Page 9: Good Governance and Accountability

Political Dimension of Good Governance

• Democratic election

• Respect for Human Right

• Rule of the law

• Political openness

• Equity

• Public participation

• Judicial Independence

• Transparency

• Freedom of information

• Accountability

• Absence of corruption

Page 10: Good Governance and Accountability

The Dimensions of Good Governance

• Efficient and effective Governance

• Participative Governance

• Balanced Governance

Page 11: Good Governance and Accountability

The building of Good Governance

Government Citizen and other

stakeholders

Needs, demand

Resources

Legitimacy

Accountability

Services

Leadership

Page 12: Good Governance and Accountability

Strengthening Partnership

Gov. CitizenGroups

Build Communication linkages

Strengthen

capacities

Legal Framework

Discretionary Procedure

Skills

Behavior/values

Page 13: Good Governance and Accountability

Main Indicators of Good Governance

• Political awareness of people to the society and their environment

• Political trust to the government and the politics

Page 14: Good Governance and Accountability

World Governance Indicators

• Control of Corroption

• Voice and Accountability

• Rule of Law

• Regulatory Quality

• Political Stability and absence of Violence

Page 15: Good Governance and Accountability

Pattern of People’s Participation• Political participation is active if both political

awareness and trust high

• Political participation is apathy if political awareness and trust low

• Political participation is militant-radical if political awareness high and trust low

• Political participation is passive if political awareness low and trust high

Page 16: Good Governance and Accountability

Strengths of Civil Society

• A large constituency (NGOs National Coalition and formations)

• Grassroots base

• Ability to organize communities

Page 17: Good Governance and Accountability

Participation and voice

• Voice “an idea from the private to the public sector”

• A ‘force’ to help enhance government accountability and performance

• VOICE MECHANISMS1. Within formal governance arrangements (elections,

complaint mechanisms, etc.)2. ‘Parallel’ mechanisms (through NGOs, informal community

gatherings, etc.)

Page 18: Good Governance and Accountability

Major questions

• What is the affect of voice mechanisms in developing countries? – Do voice mechanisms empower citizens?

– Do voice mechanisms enhance accountability?

• What factors seem to influence voice expression?

Page 19: Good Governance and Accountability

Some considerations

• Voice mechanisms not always enhance accountability

• Where low influence: No accountability gains• Where high influence but narrow focus: narrow accountability

effect• Where high influence and broad focus: broad accountability

effect, greatest potential for all-around empowerment

• Note: Different voice expression effects through different voice mechanisms

• Question: What factors influence effects?

Page 20: Good Governance and Accountability

Factors influencing ‘voice’ effects

• The voice mechanism adopted matters:– Greater influence where voices speak into key governance

processes (planning etc)– Greater influence where mechanism seen as ‘appropriate’

in context of formal governance structures

• Mechanism design details matter:– Influences on access to mechanism and ability to

participate– The participation agenda (who sets it, etc.)– The approach to assessing participation through the

mechanism– INFORMATION (access, ‘legibility’ etc.) and the structure

of public sector processes and documents

Page 21: Good Governance and Accountability

Factors influencing ‘voice’ effects• Voice transmission mediums

– Once voice expressed, how transmitted to governing leaders?

– Once voice expressed, how is feedback transmitted back to citizens?

• Politics and administrative influence– “Closed’ models of governance– Incentives for those governing to listen?– Intergovernmental tensions (who should we listen to)?

• Socio-economics and social structures– Inequalities– ‘Social capital’ and organization

Page 22: Good Governance and Accountability

Increasing participation

• Awareness Raising

• Policy Advocacy

• Institution Building

• Capacity Building

Page 23: Good Governance and Accountability

Best Practices Good Governance

• Impact on society (tangibel and intangible)

• Partnerhsip

• Sustainability

• Leadership and community development

• Social equality

• Local context

• Transferability

Page 24: Good Governance and Accountability

End of Presentation