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GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE
35

global warming ch-07

Dec 21, 2014

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Engineering

siddhi viradiya

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Page 1: global warming ch-07

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Page 2: global warming ch-07

GLOBAL WARMING AND

GREEN HOUSE EFFECT

Page 3: global warming ch-07

Introduction

• Is the world getting warmer?• If so, are the actions of mankind to blame for

earth’s temperature increases?• What can/should be done about these issues?

Page 4: global warming ch-07

History of Earth’s Climate

• Earth formed ~4.6 billion years ago• Originally very hot• Sun’s energy output only 70% of present• Liquid water present ~4.3 billion years

Page 5: global warming ch-07

History of Earth’s Climate

• Life appeared ~3.8 billion years ago• Photosynthesis began 3.5-2.5 billion years ago

– Produced oxygen and removed carbon dioxide and methane (greenhouse gases)

– Earth went through periods of cooling (“Snowball Earth”) and warming

• Earth began cycles of glacial and interglacial periods ~3 million years ago

Page 6: global warming ch-07

Sun

Earth’s Temperature

Solar

Energy

Solar

Energy

Page 7: global warming ch-07

Sun

Earth’s Temperature

Solar

Energy

Solar

Energy

RadiationCooling

RadiationCooling

Page 8: global warming ch-07

Sun

Earth’s Temperature

Solar

Energy

Solar

Energy

RadiationCooling

RadiationCooling

Page 9: global warming ch-07

Sun

Earth’s Temperature

Solar

Energy

Solar

Energy

RadiationCooling

RadiationCooling

Page 10: global warming ch-07

Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans since the late 19th century and its projected continuation. Since the early 20th century, Earth's mean surface temperature has increased by about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), with about two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980.

Page 11: global warming ch-07

Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and scientists are 95-100% certain that it is primarily caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced by human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. These findings are recognized by the national science academies of all major industrialized nations.

Page 12: global warming ch-07

Greenhouse EffectSun

Page 13: global warming ch-07

• he greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature above what it would be in the absence of the gases.

Page 14: global warming ch-07
Page 15: global warming ch-07

Earth’s Atmospheric GasesNitrogen (N2)

Oxygen (O2)

Water (H2O)

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Methane (CH4)

Non-Greenhouse

Gases99%

GreenhouseGases

1%

Page 16: global warming ch-07
Page 17: global warming ch-07

Worldwide Carbon EmissionsC

arb

on

(10

9 m

etri

c to

ns)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000Year

Liquid fuelLiquid fuelTotalTotal

Gas fuelGas fuelSolid fuelSolid fuel

Page 18: global warming ch-07

Annual Carbon EmissionsAnnual carbon emissionsAtmospheric CO2

Atmospheric CO2 average

1955 1965 1975 1985 1995 20050

4

6

8

2

Year

Car

bo

n (

109

met

ric

ton

s)

Page 19: global warming ch-07

Future Carbon Dioxide Levels

• Increasing CO2 emissions, especially in China and developing countries

• Likely to double within 150 years:– Increased coal usage– Increased natural gas usage– Decreased petroleum usage (increased cost and

decreasing supply)

Page 20: global warming ch-07

Of all U.S. greenhouse gas emissions come from households:

• Vehicles

• Home Heating

• Electricity

Households are Big Contributors to Climate Change

Page 21: global warming ch-07

So how can each of us slow global warming now?

Page 22: global warming ch-07

Because greenhouse gas emissions are tied very closely to our energy consumption, using less fossil fuel based energy puts fewer greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

This will help slow global warming.

Reduce our consumption of fossil fuels

Mountaintop removal for coal mining near Rawl, West Virginia.

50% of electricity in the United States is produced from coal.

(

Page 23: global warming ch-07

Small changes really add up

Replace your old refrigerator with a new Energy Star: Annual savings: $90; 700 pounds CO2

Set your thermostat down a few degrees in the winterAnnual savings: $135; 1400 pounds CO2

Wash clothes in cold water onlyAnnual savings: $70; 500 pounds CO2

Drive JUST 10 fewer miles per weekAnnual savings: $80; 520 pounds CO2

Reduce your garbage by 10% through greater recycling or reduced packagingAnnual savings: 1200 pounds CO2

Caulk and weather-strip around doors and windowsAnnual savings: $80; 650 pounds CO2

* These are mid-range estimates from published sources; your savings may vary.

Page 24: global warming ch-07

Blowing Up Your World• How many of you walked, bicycled or took

public transportation to get to school today, instead of coming by private automobile?

Our reliance on cars that burn fossil fuels is one of the major causes of increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and it is the primary cause of urban smog. 3 pts u

Page 25: global warming ch-07

Blowing Up Your World

• How many of you, when you drink a soft drink, throw the container into the garbage?

• Throwing away containers of any kind wastes energy and resources and adds to our waste problem. Many towns are running out of landfill space. 3 pts d

Page 26: global warming ch-07

Blowing Up Your World

How many of you eat fresh vegetables instead of canned or frozen?

Fresh vegetables cook more quickly and are usually more nutritious than frozen or canned foods. Canned and frozen vegetables are often over-processed, contain additives, contribute to air pollution (transport and packaging) and add to our waste problem. 4 pts u

Blowing Up Your World

Page 27: global warming ch-07

Blowing Up Your World• How many of you use a hairdryer or other

energy-consuming convenience appliance, especially in the morning?

• Hairdryers use a lot of energy. In the morning so much energy demand is put on our grids that power companies have to find other sources of energy just to meet the morning rush hour 2 pts d

Page 28: global warming ch-07

Blowing Up Your World

How many of you carry your lunch to school in a lunch box or reusable container?

Making paper and plastic bags uses energy and resources.

Page 29: global warming ch-07

Blowing Up Your World

• How many of you eat take-out or cafeteria food that is served in foam or plastic containers?

• Polystyrene and other plastic containers are made from precious petrochemicals, do not decompose in landfills, and release toxic gases when they are burned in incinerators.

10 pts d

Page 30: global warming ch-07

Blowing Up Your World

• How many of you use handkerchiefs instead of tissues and use cloth towels instead of paper towels?

• Paper comes from trees. The more of it we use, the more trees that are cut down 2 pts d

Page 31: global warming ch-07

Blowing Up Your World

• How many are changing incandescent bulbs for new compact fluorescent bulbs?

Changing one bulb could save 150 pounds of carbon dioxide per year!

Page 32: global warming ch-07

Our take-home message…

Each of us must take steps to protect our Earth's climate.

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PRESENTED BY : GROUP E

GUIDANCE BY PROF. UJAS

PANDYA

Page 34: global warming ch-07

GROUP MEMBERS:

1.VIRADIYA SIDDHI2.SAKSHI MEHTA3.JAY PATEL4.UZAIR5.MAYURI PATEL6.RADHA DESAI

Page 35: global warming ch-07