Global War on Terror and Post War Development in Iraq

Global War on Terror and Post War Development in Iraq

Team Pezzonovante

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

http://bcdks-hs4350.blogspot.com/

October 19, 2011

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Introduction

Guns Versus Butter.

Particulars India Pakistan China

GDP 1050 420 3100

Defence 21 6.5 44

Percentage 2 4.5 1.2

Source: Govt. Website

Trade off between wastage of resources and security.

Demand for more funds and resource constraints are inevitable.

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Case Study on India

Expenditure on Kargil War (Operation Vijay) and Development Indicatorsover time.

Direct Cost: Rs. 47,701 Crores

Effects of War on India

Hyperinflation

Destruction of Physical Capital

Huge cost for post war problems

Impact on tade volumes

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Development Indicators

Global HungerIndex 32.7; 66 in84 countries

20,000 farmerscommitted suicideduring 1997-’98(BBC)

HDI rank of 134among 180

350 - 400 m BPL

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Timeline

War on Terror - a new foreign policy inaugurated.

A grand co-alition of US backed countries.

Figure: A collage of images - Wikipedia

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Course of Action

World Trade Centre

This marks the direct beginning of War on Terror.

Operation Active Endeavour

The first operations in Mediterranean.

Operation Enduring Freedom

Against Taliban, Al-Qaeda and other militant groups of Central-West Asia.These were carried out in:

Afghanistan

Horn of Africa

Philippines

Trans Sahara

Iraq

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Iraq and the War

State sponsored terrorism from 1990s.

Operation Desert Fox.

UNSC Resolution 1441 - ”a final opportunity to comply with itsdisarmament obligations” or face ”serious consequences.”

In March 2003, US forms a ’Coalition of Willing’ and invades Iraq.Operation Iraqi Freedom.

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Reactions and Reality

The war against terrorism is a fraud. After three weeks’bombing, not a single terrorist implicated in the attacks onAmerica has been caught or killed in Afghanistan.

- John Pilger, Former Mirror Chief Foreign Correspondant.

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Immediate Reforms

On April 15, 2003 the Office of Reconstruction and HumanitarianAssistance (ORHA) was established in post invasion Iraq.

Restore law and order.

Coalition Provision Authority.

The US and UK were termed as ”Occupying Powers in Iraq”.

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Continuing Reforms

Installation of IGC

The Coalition Provision Authority disbanded the army.

Criticised for the lack of Iraqis in Commission.

The Iraqi Governance Council was installed with Iraqi members in it.

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Post IGC

Formation of TAL.

National Assembly Elections in December 2005.

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Iraq in Context

Saddam assumes power in 1979.

The Iranian Revolution.

The Iran-Iraq conflict (1980-88).

The invasion of Kuwait (1990).

Interventions of UN and US.

Economic sanctions.

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A weakening Economy

The burden of sanctions.

The drain of resources and the Oil for Food programme.

The totalitarian regime and the dilemma of the population.

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Post Invasion

Faulty pre-war calculations.

Replacement rather than reconstruction.

Development lacking in national vision and insensitive to Iraqiaspirations.

Corporatization without benefits.

No institutional mechanisms for trickling down of growth

Iraqi private sector continues in bad shape.

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Moving Forward

Inclusive participation and real democracy.

Security.

Iraqi resources for Iraqi development.

Enabling people first; liberalization can wait.

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Demography

75 percent Arab, 15-20 percent Kurds, Turkmens, Yazidis, andnomadic tribes.

Total population: 22 million.

97 percent Muslims are Sunni Muslims in the North.

65 percent are Shia Muslims.

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Indebted

Reconstruction after War.

33 bn USD in aid.

18.4 bn USD from the US.

EU, Japan, World Bank, IMF.

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Capitalism

Baath regime: socialist, based on Islam.

Concentrated on nation-building, but human rights violations present.

Have to comply with Western ideas.

Oil: key factor in the entire episode.

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Parallels

Protestant ethic and Islam.

Sobriety, self-discipline, diligence, saving, honesty.

Creation, humanity judgement.

Creation is good and what we do is important.

Accountability of physical action.

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Free Market

Allows for expression of innovation and creativity.

Combining doctrines about holiness of creation human responsibility.

Is Islam inherently radical and opposed to modern processes?

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Islam

Religion based on peace, love and compassion.

Abhors violence and killing.

Radicals are a minority, religion upholds human dignity.

Authentic traditions are misinterpreted, and can be used successfullyin favor of modern processes.

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Conclusion

Muslim country: Islam cannot be avoided.

The basic principles can be used in favor of a free market with timelyinterventions.

System that acknowledges freedom as a restricted license.

Strong leadership that can weed out radicals.

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The End

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