GLENDALE ECH

GLENDALE ECHTale of Two Tech Cities – From Sunny So Cal

AG

EN

DA TALE OF TWO TECH CITIES

GETTING STARTED.

Brief Overview of City Economic Composition of the City Problem the City was Facing Present the Solution to the Problem Current Condition of the City Today Take Aways

About Glendale.OVERVIEW.

SNAPSHOT

LOCATION.

Population: 207,000

Size: 30 Square Miles

North of Los Angeles. Entertainment Epicenter

DIVERSITY.

Los Angeles County.

Median Age: 40 | Median Income: $55K

• White – 73% • Hispanic – 18%• Armenian – 40%

• Asian – 17%• Black – 2% • Other – 8%

About Glendale.OVERVIEW.

SNAPSHOT

LOCATION.

Population: 207,000

Size: 30 Square Miles

North of Los Angeles. Entertainment Epicenter

DIVERSITY.

• White – 73% • Hispanic – 18%• Armenian – 40%

• Asian – 17%• Black – 2% • Other – 8%

Los Angeles County.

Median Age: 40 | Median Income: $55K

What Makes Us Financially Tick?ECONOMICS.

SNAPSHOTHealthcare: 14,000 ee

Retail: 9,500 ee

Manufacturing: 7,500 ee

TOP EMPLOYERSGlendale Adventist 2,500City of Glendale 2,000GUSD 1,800DreamWorks Animation 1,500Glendale Community College 1,400Glendale Memorial 1,200Glenair 1,200Nestle 1,180USC Verdugo Hills Hospital 700Public Storage, Inc. 324

Professional

Services: 15,000

PR

OB

LE

MROCK BOTTOM.

Many of our office tenants left.BI G PROBLEM..

BYE BYE PROFESSIONAL SERVICES: FINANCIAL, INSURANCE, BANKING , TITLE

OFFICE SF

VACANCY RATE IN 2010

SO

LU

TIO

N GET THOSE OFFICE TENANTS

FILL THEM.

1. Concierge Services2. Aggressive Marketing Strategy3. Relationships with Brokers4. Deliberate Recruitment

DE

VE

LOP

‘PERPETUATE POWERFUL PHYSICAL IMAGE’

DOWNTOWN SPECIFIC PLAN.

Downtown Glendale will be an exciting, vibrant urban center which provides a wide array of excellent shopping, dining, working, living, entertainment and cultural opportunities within a short walking distance..

First adopted 2005

SO

LU

TIO

N 18-HOUR CITY

18-HOUR CITY.

Create vibrant environment for people to live, work and be entertained.

GO

. GO

.G

O.

GET THOSE OFFICE TENANTS

OFFICE.OFFICE.OFFICE.

disney expansion: adds 33,800 sf

HO

US

ING

3,500 LUXURY APARTMENTS

GET PEOPLE TO LIVE IN DOWNTOWN

ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT DISTRICT

HIP

ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT

An

taeu

sTh

eate

r C

om

pan

y

Laem

mle

Th

eate

r an

d

Art

ist

Loft

s

VACANCY RATE IN 2016

10%

TECH IN GLENDALE

CURRENT BIZ

#GLENDALETECH.

Examine who is here now in effort

to expand on growth

Offers high level of economic stability

tech industry and innovation is already in Glendale and growing

Attracting a diverse pool of companies in high-growth

industries will help Glendale stay sustainable through

future recessions.

.

PIPELINE OF TALENT

EDUCATION

#GLENDALETALENT

Demonstrate there is a pipeline of talent to fill these jobs

Clark Magnet High School Robotics Team Glendale Community College Close to JPL, CalTech, USC, Art Center School of

Design, Occidental Access to Centers for Research - Glendale Adventist,

Memorial Hospital & Verdugo-USC Hills Hospital

Schools and hospitals are an important part of the dialog in attracting and retaining tech companies. And we have that, too…

PIPELINE OF TALENT

EDUCATION

#GLENDALETALENT.

Demonstrate there is a pipeline of

talent to fill these jobs

Clark Magnet High School Robotics Team

Glendale Community College Close to JPL, CalTech, USC,

Art Center School of Design, Occidental

Access to Centers for Research -Glendale Adventist, Memorial Hospital & Verdugo-USC Hills Hospital

Schools and hospitals are an important part of the dialog

in attracting and retaining tech companies. And we have

that, too…

COLLEGES, UNIVERSITIES & RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS

Art Center College of DesignCal Tech

Cal State LACal State Northridge

City of HopeGlendale Community CollegeLos Angeles Mission College

UCLAUniversity of the West

USC

TECH INITIATIVE

ESTOLANO LESAR PEREZ TEAM

Cecilia V. Estolano Cynthia Guzman Tulsi Patel

Data & Sector Analysis

Strategic Planning & Goal Setting

Experts in Entrepreneurship and Technology Sector

Economic Development Best Practices

Richard Weil Madeline WanderMark Goodstein

TECH INITIATIVE

PROGRAM APPROACH: SCOPE

Task 4. Determine Subsectors

Task 3. Strengths and opportunities for tech cultivation in Glendale

Task 2. Assess Glendale’s Current Role in Tech

Task 1. Define the Term “Technology”

Task 5. Identify Opportunities, Strategies, Initiatives

Task 6. Assess Potential/Desirability of Tech Incubator

Task 7. Determine Quality of Life Improvements

Task 8. Develop Strategic Plan

Task 9. Project Administration

HO

W T

OTOP FIVE TAKEWAYS

TAKE AWAYS.

1. Define the term “Tech” 2. Think Regionally 3. Make sure Council is on board. 4. Just Start. 5. Have a Beer.

GLENDALE ECHTale of Two Tech Cities – From Sunny So Cal

Darlene SanchezDeputy Director, Economic [email protected]

AgTech

Ecosystem

ON CENTRAL COAST

HOUSEHOLD INCOME: $49,728

POPULATION: 152,340

EDUCATION: 60.6% HIGH SCHOOL

MEDIAN AGE: 28.8 YEARS

ETHNICITY: 76% HISPANIC

$

THE CITY OF SALINASRich in land, rich in values

VALUE OF CROPSIn Monterey County

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

Leaf

Lettuce

Strawberries Head Lettuce Broccoli Nursery Wine Grapes

Mil

lio

ns

$

SIZE OF LOCAL AG INDUSTRYMonterey County

76,000 jobs

$4.3b farm gate

$8b+ impact

“In the next 40 years, farmers will have to grow as much food as they have in the last 10,000 years —combined.”

— Norman Borlaug

“By 2050 the world’s population is expected to have reached 9 billion and the demand for food to have increased by between 70% and 100%.”

— FAO & OECD

THE CHALLENGE & THE OPPORTUNITYHow do we feed a rapidly growing world, with lower inputs?

2010 2020 2030 2040 20506.9b 9b

AGRICULTURE MUST CHANGELower inputs, greater output

WATER

ENERGY

FERTILIZERS

PEST CONTROL WASTE

OUTPUT

AGRICULTURE MUST CHANGEEmbrace new technologies

BUILDING AN AGTECH ECOSYSTEMSilicon Valley meets the Salinas Valley

PUBLIC/PRIVATEPARTNERSHIP

CAPITAL

NETWORKING &PUBLICITY

INFRASTRUCTURE

SKILLED WORKFORCE

ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT

ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENTFertile soil for smart ideas

THRIVE ACCELERATOR

WESTERN GROWERS

DIGITAL NEST

SKILLED WORKFORCEBetter jobs, higher productivity

SKILLED WORKFORCEBetter jobs, higher productivity

CS-IN-3

CODER DOJO

2+2 AGRIBUSINESS

NAT’L RESOURCE NETWORK

INFRASTRUCTURESupporting innovaton

DARK FIBER

PUREWATER

DEEPWATER DESAL

PUBLIC/PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPAligning goals for the greater good

LEADING CORPORATIONS

COLLEGES & UNIVERSITIES

CAPITALEnergizing growth

WESTERN GROWERS

ANGEL INVESTORS

NETWORKING & PUBLICITYOwning the brand of AgTech Hub

FINANCIAL TIMES

FAST COMPANY

SF CHRONICLE

SUMMER BOOKS SPECIAL

FT writers and others pick their favourite holiday reads LIFE & ARTS

Plus Inside India’s Premier League cricket scandal Life & Arts

LIFE & ARTS

8-page Collect ing supplementThe lat est sales, event s and t rends

USA $2.50 Canada C$3.00 | Saturday June 29 / Sunday June 30 2013 | USA

Gold price

Source: Thomson Reuters Datastream

$ per troy ounce

Apr 2013 Jun1200

1300

1400

1500

1600

Yellow metal slid to athree-year low, Page 14

News Brief ing

BlackBerry squeezedTurnround falters asfiscal first-quarter resultsdisappoint. Page 10

US court empoweredRuling on gay rights hasrevealed new powers ofSupreme Court. Page 3

Empire St at e t ussleThird offer on table forNew York skyscraper in$2.1bn cash bid. Page 10

Int el ’s TV discont entGroup faces struggle tomove into TV business,new chief admits. Page 11

German poll st alls EUNearing elections stifleEU leaders’ moves onfiscal integration. Page 2

CIC set f or new chiefDing Xuedong expectedto head China’s $500bnsovereign fund. Page 3

Person in the NewsQatar’s Sheikha Moza,matriarch of themodern Gulf. Page 9

World Business Newspaper

Vatican hit byfresh financial scandal

By Giulia Segreti and

Guy Dinmore in Rome

The Vat ican has been rock ed bya fresh financial scandal afterItal ian pol i ce ar rested a seniorcler ic, a former secret serv iceagent and a middleman accusedover an al leged plot to smuggle€20m from Swi tzer land.

Nunzio Scarano, ar rested in

Rome yesterday, had been dis-missed more than a month agoas senior accountant in the Vat i -can ’s admin ist r at ion after i temerged that he w as underinvest igat ion by Ital ian author i -t ies for suspected money laun-der ing using his accounts in theVat ican bank , the Holy See said.

I tal ian pol ice said that theyalso ar rested Giovanni Mar iaZi to, a former agent who is nowa Carabinier i pol ice offi cer , andGiovanni Carenzio, a brok er .

The ar rests come at a sensi-t i ve t ime for the Vat ican asPope Francis presses ahead wi threforms to br ing the Holy See

into l ine wi t h i nternat ionalfi nancial standards, fol lowing aser ies of scandals involving theInst i t ute for Rel igious Works(IOR), the Vat ican bank . OnWednesday he set up a commis-sion to char t the bank ’s future.

Si lver io Sica, a lawyer for thedetained pr iest , said that fr iendsasked his cl ient to help recover€20m that they had given MrCarenzio to invest . Mr Sica saidthat the pr iest ask ed Mr Caren-zio to return the money and MrZi to offered to go to Swi tzer landto col lect i t , using an Ital iangovernment plane.“ The t r ansfer never t ook

place, cer tainly not t hroughMonsignor Scarano,” Mr Sicatold the Financial Times. Thepol i ce off i cer had claimed a€400,000 commission, Mr Sicasaid. Lawyers for the other twodetainees could not be reachedfor comment .

Nel lo Rossi , a Rome prosecu-tor also leading a separate probeinto suspected money launder -ing at IOR, said that FatherScarano was planning to br ingthe money from Swit zer land fora fami ly of shipbui lders in theci t y of Salerno. The or igins ofthe money were as yet unclear .

A pr i vat e plane w ent t o

Locarno from Rome and wai tedseveral days before returningwi thout the money. The cashnever left Swi tzer land becauseof disagreements and nervous-ness among the three suspects,Mr Rossi told Reuters.

A ccor ding to cour t docu-ments, Father Scar ano w asunder invest igat ion by prosecu-tor s in Salerno on suspicion oflaunder ing money from localbusinessmen through his twoaccounts at the Vat ican banksince 2009.

Cour t documents obtained byMr Sica ci t e t he pr iest asexplaining he had used his Vat i -

can bank account to pay off amor tgage on a proper t y so thati t could be sold to finance theconst ruct ion of a home for theterminal ly i l l i n Salerno. Thepr iest , who is a former banker ,denies any wrongdoing.

The Vat ican bank has beenunder invest igat i on for sus-pected money launder ing since2010 in a case involving Et toreGot t i Tedeschi , t he former bankchai rman who was dismissedlast year , and Paolo Cipr iani , i t sdir ector -general .

Both deny any wrongdoing.

New test of resolve, Page 2

Threeheld over alleged€20m smuggling plot

Senior cleric amongthose accused in case

Islamists gatheredin Cairo’s NasrCity district on theeve of a weekendof potentialclashes betweensupporters andopponents ofPresidentMohamed MorsiReport, Page 4

Comment, Page 8

Supporters of the presidentprotesting in Nasr City Reuters

Egyptiansfear furtherviolence

Silicon Valley meetsSalinasValley inpartnership to makefarming ‘smart’By April Dembosky

in Salinas, California

Big data is on i ts way to thedinner table. Si l i con Val leyexecut ives are for the fi r st t imeforming agr icul ture par t ner -ships using the latest sensorand mobi le technologies to cre-ate “ smar t farms” .

The St ei nbeck Innovat i onCluster , named after John Stein-beck , the author who set hisclassic novel Grapes of Wrath inthe Sal inas Val ley where theventure is based, is a coal i t ionof top technology and agr icul -tural companies, universi t iesand venture capi tal ists focusedon pr omot i ng t echnologyresearch and entrepreneurshipin agr i cul ture.

The Sal inas Val ley, which ishome to an $8bn farming indus-t r y, produces frui t and vegeta-

other fresh vegetables in the US.Investors say that the val ley

is the per fect test ing ground fornew agr icul tural technologiesaimed at improving effi ciencyand yields in the fresh food sys-tem. Wi th the global populat ionexpected to reach 9bn by 2050,and an increasing emphasis onfresh produce to combat obesi ty ,food product ion needs to doubleto feed the wor ld’s people.

Farmers are already test ingsoi l sensors that help moni tormoisture levels from thei r iPads500 mi les away. Var ious devicest r ack veget abl es fr om t heground t o the grocery st or eshelves to ident i fy sources ofpotent ial contaminat ion. Dronesare being considered for deploy-ing pest icides, or determiningwhich sect ions of a field areready for harvest .

Larger farms in Midwestern

ers are adapt ing them for fresh,per ishable crops, whi le theSt ei nbeck group hopes t hatinnovat ions wi l l ar i se from theSi l icon Val ley par tnerships.

Organisers hope that agr icul -tural companies, such as TaylorFarms and Dr iscol l ’s, the lead-

ing producers of ready-to-eat sal-ads and st rawber r ies, w i l l invest$5m, wi th Si l icon Val ley groupsand investors put t ing in $20m.

John Har tnet t , a par tner atSVG Par tners in San Jose andfounder of the Steinbeck project ,

develop new technologies: “Thisis an oppor tuni t y to connectthem together .”

The Steinbeck ini t iat ive aimsto al ign the interests of big tech-nology companies, such as IBMand Cisco, w i th large agr icul -tural groups to research andtest technical developmentsbefore using venture capi tal i ststo help take them mainst ream.

Si l icon Val ley venture capi tal -ists have histor ical l y shied awayfrom agr icul tural technology,prefer r ing inst ead the h ighreturns of internet and softwareventures. L ik ew ise, far mer shave eschewed investor rela-t ionships that would cut intothei r al ready sl im margins.“When you own the land and

you take the crop r i sk , guesswhat – VCs aren ’t get t ing 90 percent of that ,” said Dennis Dono-hue, a radicchio grower and

‘When you own theland and you take thecrop risk, guess what– VCs aren’t getting90 per cent of that’

Cent ral banks inTreasuries sell-of f

Central banks sold a recordlevel of US Treasury debt asmarkets shuddered at the

prospect of the Fed slowing

its quantitat ive easingprogramme. The debtholdings of official foreign

institut ions dropped a record$32.4bn to $2.93tn. It was

the third week of outflows in

the past four.

Report, Page 10

Markets, Page 14

FINANCIAL TIMES JUNE 29/ JUNE 30 2013 ★ 15

NEW SILICON VALLEYS

Technology is helping to address farm labour shortages in the f ields of California, writes April Dembosky

Robots rising in ‘salad bowl of the world’The “ help wanted” signs dot t ing thefarms in the Sal inas Val ley are goingunheeded. Even immigrant labourersare not tak ing the gruel l ing jobsA mer icans have long proven they donot want , leaving a dwindl ing numberof people wi l l ing to bend over in thehot Cal i fornia sun to pick st rawber -r ies and let tuce by hand.

Instead there are machines. High-tech cont rapt ions are in developmentor being tested in the fields to addressthe farm labour shor tage. For exam-ple, automated let tuce harvesters thatrequi re hal f the number of workersusual ly needed in the field to operate– and al low those workers to standupr ight , in the shade of the machine –and do thei r job.“We’ve had to design our harvest ing

systems for growth in an indust r ywhere the labour si tuat ion is in ques-t ion, so there is a work load thatfuture generat ions of farm workersare wi l l ing to do,” said Jer ret t Stoffel ,vice-president of operat ions for TaylorFarms’ r etai l di vision, which proc-esses 5m pounds of let tuce per weekfor Walmar t , Costco, and other com-mercial food retai lers.

Where state and federal governmenthave been slow to pass immigrat ionreforms and other food safety regula-t ions, mark et pressures and compet i -t i on have forced companies such asTaylor Farms to develop technologies.

A host of innovat ions coming out ofSi l i con Val ley – fr om sensors to bigdata and even drones – are gainingmomentum among agr icul tural com-panies, which are desperate to addressthese chal lenges.

Farmers in the US Midwest havebeen explor ing some of these technol -ogies to manage enormous fields ofwheat , corn and soyabeans. They arelook ing at data from soi l moisturesensors to set i r r igat ion levels, orusing algor i thms to predict weatherpat t erns. Remote “ camera t r aps”al low them to ident i fy t raff i c pat ternsof pests or an infested field patch thatwould easi ly be missed on a walk -through.

But the growers of fresh produce inthe Sal inas Val ley – k nown as the“ salad bowl of the wor ld” – faceunique chal lenges developing technol -ogy that can handle the speed, andthe cold, wet , caust ic condi t ionsrequi red to keep frui t and vegetablesfrom spoi l i ng on a one to two-weekjourney from the farm to shelves inthe US and to 22 di fferent count r ies.“ In the 90s, we had to adapt machin-

ery for other indust r ies that werepack ing break fast cereal and candy,”said Lor r i Koster , chief execut i ve ofvegetable processor Mann Pack ing.“Pack ing fi lms were for wrapping tur -keys and hams, not let tuce.”

The region was shaken in late-2006when bags of pre-washed spinachbecame tainted wi th E. col i bacter ia.The outbreak k i l l ed three people andsickened 200 across more than a dozenstates in the US. Though the contami -nant was traced back to one farm, al lcompanies suffer ed. Consumer sstopped buying spinach for months,and processors were on the hook forseveral crops they had paid for inadvance. For some, the losses were inthe mi l l i ons of dol lars.

New federal regulat ions spur red bythe outbreak have yet to be final ised.But in the meant ime, market for cespushed pr ivate companies to begininvest ing in food safety technologyimmediately fol lowing the cr isi s.

Today, at the Taylor Farms process-ing plant , mountains of fresh romainelet tuce are loaded on to conveyorbel t s to be cut , sent through a special -i sed chemical “ j acuzzi ” wash, andpack aged in to nanot echnology-inspi red plast i c bags. Work ers bun-dled i n sweat sh i r t s and gloves

beneat h thei r w hi t e smock s t oweather the warehouse’s fr igid 36degrees scan bar codes from each binof let tuce to t rack which batch fromwhich farm passed which par t of theprocessing cycle at what minute.

A t Mann Pack ing, a Taylor compet i -tor , the t rack ing cont inues even aftervegetable packages are loaded on tot rucks. Mann is test ing new GPS sen-sors and chips embedded in pal letsthat constant ly measure the tempera-ture sur rounding the produce. So i fmembers of a dr i ving crew swi tchingt rucks in Tennessee happen to leavethe pal lets in the sun whi le they tak ea 10-minute break , processors can pin-point exact ly where a shipment mayhave spoi l t .“The big benefi t is we can

log on from anywhere,” MsKoster said. “Our sales peo-ple can be at home and findthis informat ion onl ine.”

The var ious t rack ing products areaiming for a broader system of “ t r ace-abi l i t y” to ident i fy the source of spoi l -age or contaminat ion – or prevent ion.

Today, the industr y bel ieves i t canident i fy the source of a contaminantin 10 days, w i th the goal of reducingthat to 48 hours. But one problem isthat the data are accumulat ing in di f-ferent propr ietary databases, and com-pi l ing i t into one rel iable source ofinformat ion “ is a daunt ing task at the

ver y l east ” , sai dNorm Groot , execu-t i ve director of theMonter ey Count yFarm Bureau.

For now, most technology innova-t ion is inspi red by pr ivate companieswi l l i ng to invest in research anddevelopment , or test new technologywhen costs are st i l l h igh. Retai ler salso pass consumer demand for sus-tainabi l i t y on to farmers by some-t imes st ipulat ing the use of new wateror energy-saving measur es beforegrant ing cont racts.

Si l i con Val ley venture capi tal i st smay play an increasing role as cer taintechnologies gain t ract ion. A nd cus-tomers could end up helping on theback end i f the costs for technologyare passed on in raised pr ices.

But al l sides are vowing one keyeconomic change: new jobs – t houghnot necessar i ly more jobs.“ The work force may change,” said

Jim Bogar t , president of the Grower -Shipper A ssociat ion of Cent ral Cal i -fornia. “ I t w i l l be interest ing to see,five to 10 years from now, w i th theimpl i cat ions of science and technol -ogy, what k ind of jobs are needed todo the work here.”

Ripening ofskil ls required

Strawberry growers are ona mission to banish theterm “unskilled worker”

from the immigration

debate, writes AprilDembosky.

Unlike some vegetablesthat are ready to be

harvested in large swaths,each strawberry ripens at

its own pace.The same row of

strawberry plants will be

harvested three times a

week to capture the fruit

at just the right time.Workers must rely on a

keen, quick sense of

judgment on the size,shape, and colour of aberry before putt ing it intheir basket.

“Each one of those

pieces of fruit is selected

and harvested individuallyby people,” said Eric

Lauritzen, agricultural

commissioner for MontereyCounty, California.

The argument isbolstered by the technical

difficulty of replicating thatjudgment and dexterity in

non-human form.Prototypes of

mechanical strawberrypickers are currently being

built for use on farms in

northern California,borrowing optical lasers

from the medical industryto gauge berry colour.

Spain has already had

success developing its ownmachines – Europe faced

its labour crisis earlierthan the US, giving it a

jump-start on agriculturaltechnology development.

But those models do not

translate to the farmingstyle and comparativelymassive production scale

of US strawberry farms,

said Chris Christian of theCalifornia Strawberry

Commission. It will st ill be

several years before robots

dot American farms.Researchers are also

actively searching for analternative to controversial

fumigants that keep pests

away from strawberries.“Strawberries are attractive

to a lot of things,” said

Norm Groot, executive

director of the MontereyCounty Farm Bureau.

Environmental advocates

have raised concerns

about the impact ofchemicals on the air andland, but farmers have

struggled to find aneffective and commercially

viable replacement.

Now some scientists areeven trying to find a wayto grow strawberries in

new materials, instead ofsoil or dirt.

‘It will be interestingto see, five to 10years from now,with theimplications of . . .technology, whatkind of jobs areneeded to do thework here’

ON FT.COM

For more in-depth

analysis andincisive comment

on the technology

sector

www.f t .com/t echhubThere are fewer people willing

to pick strawberries by hand

‘Each one ofthose pieces offruit is selectedand harvestedindividually’

D’Arrigo Brothers*

Salinas Valley Memorial Hospital

Taylor Farms*

School Districts

Tanimura & Antle*

Hilltown Packing & Harvesting*

Natividad Medical Center

Mann Packing*

Monterey Mushrooms*

Leaf let tuce

Strawberry

Head lettuce

Broccoli

Nursery

Wine grapes

Celery

Spinach

Misc. vegetables

Cauliflower

$794 m

$785m

$4 76m

$ 316m

$ 30 8m

$ 214 m

$ 193m

$131m

$ 117m

$ 110 m

SalinasMonterey

San Jose

Santa Cruz

CALI FORNI A

SanFrancisco

Salinas Valley

Silicon Valley

50 km

Monterey County’stop cropsBy value, 2012

Top 10 employers in SalinasNumber of employees

* Farms or agricultural processors

FT Graphic

= 100 employees

MONTEREY COUNTY

Sources: ag.co.monterey.ca.us, 2012 Monterey County Crop Report; Salinas mayor’s office

1,0 00 -4 ,999

1,000-4,999

1,00 0 -4 ,999

1,000-4,999

50 0-999

50 0-999

500-999

50 0-999

50 0-999

A mechanical harvester gathers grapes in California Photo: AP

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