Gina Thesis Siomai Edited

PROFITABILITY OF PRODUCING OF COCO TODDY ON SELECTED BARANGAY IN PIKIT, NORTH COTABATO

GINA MAE M. MACAGBA

A Thesis Manuscript Submitted to the Colleges of Business, Development Economics and Management, University of Southern

Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

MARCH 2012

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ii

Republic of the PhilippinesUNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Kabacan, Cotabato

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT

APPROVAL OF THESIS MANUSCRIPT

Name: GINA MAE M. MACAGBA Degree Sought: BS AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

Major: Specialization:Thesis Title: “ PROFITABILITY OF PRODUCING OF COCO TODDY ON SELECTED

BARANGAY IN PIKIT, NORTH COTABATO”

APPROVED BY THESIS GUIDANCE COMMITTEE

KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLO KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLOAdviser Statistician

Date Date

DR. NORMA U. GOMEZ KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLODepartment Chairman Department Research Coordinator

Date Date

MAGDALENA A. GUIAMAL DR. GLORIA L. GABRONINOCBDEM Research Coordinator CBDEM Dean

Date Date

Study No.: _______________

Recorded by: ______________RECEIVED:

DR. ARISTON D. CALVODirector for Research and Development

DateIndex # :

Recorded by :

The thesis manuscript attached hereto entitled, “PROFITABILITY OF

PRODUCING OF COCO TODDY ON”, prepared and submitted by GINA

MAE M. MACAGBA, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Economics, is hereby accepted.

KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLOAdviser

Date

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Economics.

MAGDALENA A. GUIAMAL Research Coordinator, CBDEM

Date

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ACCEPTANCE

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

On the 5th day of March 1988, the couple Mr. & Mrs. Salvador S.

Macagba blessed their 6th child by the name Gina Mae M. Macagba who is the

author of this study. Presently, she was residing at Kolambog, Pikit North

Cotabato. She finished primary education at Silik Central Elementary School.

Then, she pursue and graduated her secondary education at Dilangalen,

National High School at Midsayap Cotabato.

Due to her desire to obtain and have a college diploma, she continued

and enrolled at the University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan Cotabato,

where she took up Bachelor of Agricultural Economics at the College of

Business Development Economics and Management (CBDEM).

Presently, she is a member of the Philippines Agricultural Economics

Development Association-USM chapter and was hoping to be finished her

tertiary education this coming April 10, 2012.

GINA MAE M. MACAGBA Researcher

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researcher would like to give her sincere thanks to the Almighty

GOD, who is the greatest provider of wisdom. To all be the glory to His mighty

name, for nothing will be possible without his permission.

Secondly, a heart-warming thanks to the researchers’ beloved adviser,

Ms Kathleen Ivy Z. Bolotaolo, for the advices, constructive red inks and

jokes that always breaks the uncomfortable walls of professionalism. Without

her aid, it will be like sailing without direction in a wide foreign sea.

To the 4-BSAgEcon/A batch 2011, which were there through the ups

and downs, passed or failures, and every beautiful days shared with the

researcher. To her Family: Mamang, Papang, Sunny, Michelle, Inday,

Ondo, Ninit, Jimboy and Jerry. Fulfillment of this research was due to your

hard work and loving support.

Also, for the inspiration given by Adrin, such concerns given to the

researcher was greatly appreciated. To the researcher’s board mates: Cecil,

Lot2x, and Madz, your laughers will definitely ease anybody’s tiredness.

To all of them, this humble piece of works is dedicated.

GINA MAE M. MACAGBA Researcher

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

INTRODUCTION 1

Significance of the Study 1

Objectives of the Study 2

Outputs of the Study 3

Scope and Limitations of the Study 3

Place and Time of the Study 4

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 5

METHODOLOGY 10

Research Design 10

Respondents of the Study 10

Sampling Procedure 10

Research Instrument 11

Data Gathering Procedure 11

Statistical Analysis 11

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 13

Socio-Demographic Profile of Coco Toddy Collectors 13

Investments of Coco Toddy Collectors 15

Average Volume Collected of Coco Toddy 16

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Cost and Return of Coco Toddy Collectors 17Problem and Coping Mechanisms of Coco Toddy 20

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 21

LITERATURE CITED 24

APPENDICES

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LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page

1 Socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents in selected barangay in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.

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2 Average investment of coco toddy collectors per day in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.

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3 Average volume of Coco Toddy collected in selected barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.

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4 Cost and return of coco toddy collectors per month in selected Barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.

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5 Problems encountered and their coping mechanisms of coco toddy collectors in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.

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viii

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix Title

A. Application for Thesis Manuscript Defense

B. Certification of English Critic

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ABSTRACT

MACAGBA, GINA MAE M. 2012. PROFITABILITY OF PRODUCING COCO TODDY ON SELECTED BARANGAY IN PIKIT, NORTH COTABATO. Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Economics Thesis. College of business, Development, Economics and Management, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato. 33 p.

Adviser: KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLO

The study was conducted to determine the profitability of producing

coco toddy on selected barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. Specifically, the

study aim to determine the socio-demographic profile of coco toddy collectors;

determine the volume extracted and volume sold; determine the investment in

coco toddy production; determine the profitability of coco toddy production;

and determine the problems encountered by the coco toddy collectors.

It was found that the average age of the respondents was 50 years old.

All of the collectors are male and most are married. They were all Roman

Catholic believers. Furthermore, some of the respondents reached elementary

level and has an average years in collecting coco toddy of 10 years.

The material investment involved in coco toddy collection were

“sanggot”, gallons, “tungog”, and “bairan”. The overall average amount of

investments per unit and per tree is P 301.22 and P 60.51, respectively.

The respondents has an average of four liters extracted of coco toddy

sap per day. Among the four liters, 3.9 were sold and the remaining was

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consummated. Coco toddy collection was found to be profitable with a net

income of P 1,252.38 per tree on monthly basis. Government supports and

programs were recommended to help the them to be more productive and

improve their efficiency in their endeavor.

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1

INTRODUCTION

Significance of the Study

Coconut Toddy (Tuba) is drawn from the flower of coconut tree. It acts

as a laxative and has a stimulant effect. It reduces the stress and increase

enthusiasm. It can be used as general tonic for pregnant women before

fermentation, (Rajalakshmi, 2011).

Some coconut farmers in the Philippines not only used coconut for

making Copra (dried coconut) but also for making Coconut Wine. This is also

called Tuba. The process is easy. The one thing that is difficult is climbing of

coconut tree. In Visayas Islands, Coconut Wine is called Tuba, Bahal or

Bahalina. In Luzon, it is mostly called Lambanog. The main difference is the

mixture and color. Tuba or Lambanog in Luzon is the pure sap (no barok mix)

almost calories or milky white in color sometimes referred as Coconut Vodka.

In Visayas, particularly in Leyte, Tuba is the product of mixing Barok (a redish

color of mangrove tree) with the coconut sap, which in turn make Tuba red

color and sometimes called the Coconut red Wine, (Ipeony, 2007).

Coconut toddy or Bahal/tuba is endemic in the Philippines, especially in

the provincial rural areas where coconut is abound. It was used as main food

source in World War II and was one of the earliest food supplement used by

elders in the Philippines. Considered as a local alcoholic drink from natural

source, tuba has also been widely used for its nutritional and medical benefits.

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Vitamins and minerals like potassium, Beta-carotene, Calcium, Iron,

Magnesium, Phosphorus, and Sodium. It also contains anti-oxidant which is

good for moving toxins from the body. It is also used as antibiotic for wounds,

inflammation and infections, (Dimabuyu, 2011).

The study was conceptualized to provide information on how profitable

or promising coco toddy endeavour is. It is useful to the future researchers

and others who would like to venture into the some activity.

Objectives of the Study

The study mainly aimed to determine the profitability of producing coco

toddy on selected Barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato.

Specifically, it aimed to:

1. determine the socio-demographic profile of coco toddy collectors,

2. determine the investment of coco toddy collectors;

3. determine the volume extracted and volume sold;

4. determine the profitability of coco toddy; and

5. determine the problems encountered and the coping mechanisms

adopted by coco toddy collectors.

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Outputs of the Study

1. socio-demographic profile of coco toddy collectors,

2. determine the investment of coco toddy collectors;

3. volume extracted and volume sold;

4. profitability of coco toddy; and

5. problems encountered and the coping mechanisms adopted by coco

toddy collectors.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study focused only on the profitability of producing coco toddy.

Only the coco toddy collectors from Barangay Kolambog, Silik, and Katilacan

in Pikit, Noth Cotabato were taken as respondents.

Place and Time of Study

The study was conducted from August 2011 to January 2012 on

Barangay Kolambog, Silik, and Katilacan in Pikit, North Cotabato.

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Operational Definition of Terms

Coco Toddy – juice extracted from the bud of coconut

inflorescence.

Gross Income – the revenue of the coco toddy collectors from

each liter of coco toddy collected multiplied by

price/L of coco toddy.

Gross Profit Margin – is the actual sales of coco toddy.

Investment – inputs or raw materials used in the production of

coco toddy collectors.

Net Profit Margin – is the sales less the cost of sales on coco toddy

production.

Profitability – income of the coconut collectors.

Toddy collectors – a person who prepared the collection of coconut

sap and climb the coconut tree to collect the sap.

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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Toddy is the sap of coconut palm extracted from the flower buds by

toddy topper. Toddy taping or “raaverikan” goes a long way into the Maldivian

history and it used to be remarkable occupation passed from father to son.

Toddy tappers cut the end of the inflorescence when it is ready to ripen and

hang a collecting pot specially made from coconut shells called “Gudi” and is

left to fill overnight. The toddy is then collected the following day and

transferred into container called “raabadhi”. Sweetness differs according to the

time of the collection with the evening toddy being the sweetest. The collected

toddy is then sold by the glass in the fresh form, a tasty sweet drink despite its

pungent odor.

Maldivians use toddy in different ways, it is heated to make

‘dhiyaaHakuru’ a golden honey-like-liquid similar to Maple Syrup which

Maldivians enjoy eating with rice, coconut crepes and also acts as a main

ingredients in sweet cakes, desserts and snack. This syrup is further cooked

under low-heat with a pinch of sugar and a particular from of coral for an

extended period which then turns into a creamy-white paste called

‘KaruHakuru”. This is used as a breadfruit chips dip or spread on thin coconut

bread. In the olden days, these syrups were a staple in the household and

were also relished by sailor and fishermen as their diet onboard for distant

journeys as these toddy product lasted several months without refrigeration or

preservatives. Toddy is also fermented and tyrned to toddy vinegar which has

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strong acidic flavour with a hint of coconut taste. This vinegar is used in

flavouring other food product and as a preservative to make local pickles or

‘assara’. Toddy and toddy products are very rare but is still available

infrequently throughout the Maldivian Islands. With modernization, the art of

toddy tapping is almost lost. The government has recently stepped in and has

introduced ‘toddy tapping’ courses in the atolls in order to revive this fading

Maldivian tradition (Mohamed, 2010).

Manohar (2004) said that, in Misamis Oriental and North Cotabato,

coconut trees were found to yield an average of 3 liters of sap per day. Using

the technology, an average of four kilos of sugar can be recovered from 24

liters of the coconut toddy/sap depending on the sugar content of the freshly

dripped and collected sap.

An added advantage of the technology is its simplicity and

uncomplicatedness considering that this involves only concentrating fresh sap

into sugar granules-a change in physical form from liquid to solid state. It does

not require skilled labor or sophisticated equipment and is best adapted to a

farm level or medium scale enterprise. However, the process is very

dependent on critical factors such as pH, temperature and the extent of

microbial activity of the natural yeasts in the sap. Each step in the process

requires specific condition such as neutral pH of the sap, clean materials

during sap collection and cooking, and controlled temperature during the peak

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form. This ensures quality and proper ormation of the product (Kindipan and

Sancha, 2007).

A number of coconut producing countries which includes Indonesia,

Thailand, Philippines and etc. harvest the inflorescence sap and convert it to

either coconut syrup or brown sugar. Basically, the procedure followed is

similar, but the furnace and the stirrer used during the process of heating and

crystallization of sugar differ (Ticzon et al., 1996).

According to Garin (2008), “tuba” or coconut toddy will soon have a

high quality wine production that meets international standards as the

Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA) and private contract producer signed a

P5.5 million product development tie-up.

The Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) for the Production of High

Quality Coconut Wine from Sap/Nectar of Coconut Inflorescence was signed

recently by Administrator of PCA.

However, some countries in Southeast Asia, fresh palm sap as an

animal feed is being promoted as an alternative to processing the sap into

sugar, as had been done previously. Since the processing into sugar requires

fuel, which is often prohibitively costly for many small farmers, toddy tapping

had been on the decline. Recent FAO experiments in Cambodia have

confirmed the historical evidence of the value of fresh palm sap as a basis

feed in intensive pig-rearing. Several trials showed that, from the economic

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point of view, the profit from using palm juice for pig feeding was much higher

than for sugar production (FAO, 1997).

Toddy is produced by binding and cutting a newly formed coconut bud.

Paper- thin shavings are sliced off twice a day so that the dripping sap

continues to flow. The sap (about half a liter per day) is then collected in either

a specially prepared coconut shell or bottle, which must be kept very clean.

The fluid may be duck fresh, cold or heated. If concentrate by boiling it down,

it becomes a syrup called toddy. It can also be fermented to make an alcohol

drink or vinegar. Fresh toddy is an excellent drink for both infants and older

children. For infants, it can be used to complement breast milk after six month

of age (Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2006).

Profitability rests in obtaining high enough price for a product so that

the producer may draw a salary, cover all his input costs, repay barrowing and

invest in infrastructure and research to ensure future sustainability. In retailers

perspective, the basic costs that a family-run small shop pay include costs of

goods in sales, shop space (if rented), and lighting (Piano, 20030.

In addition, profitability is also justified as inducement for efficiency in

the conduct of business. The successful conduct of business is generally

acknowledging as one of the principal source of profits.

On the other hand, there is considerable value addition taking place in

the market chains as indicated by the increasing prices of the coconut

products as they move from the lower to higher stages of the chain. However,

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the farmer’s participation in the marketing activities is quite limited as they

remain in the lowest stage of the chain, the farm market level. Commonly, they

sell only the raw materials (husked nuts or copra) and therefore receive the

lowest price among the various market participants. Although it appears that

the farmer’s share is quite high especially in the case of coconut oil and coco

wine, this does not necessarily translate into high farm income. The shares are

based on per unit product value and since farmers have small farm sizes, low

farm productivity and therefore have low marketable surplus, their incomes are

generally low (Pabaayon, 2008).

According to MASICAP, (2010) Coconut sap, the sweet exudates from

the tapped unopened spath are a versatile food product because of its many

uses. It could be marketed as an alcoholic drink (4-5% alcohol) locally known

as “tuba” or coconut wine; as vinegar (under further natural fermentation) or as

“Lambanog” or distilled wine (24-45% alcohol).

Moreover, in coconut farming they are new innovative farm level

production schemes capable of producing other Coconut-based Farm

Products (CBFP). Many believe that when coconut palms are tapped or

coconut sap (toddy) production the opportunity to produce nuts as young

tender nuts “buko” (8 month-old), mature 12 month old nut and copra (dried

coconut meat) as raw materials for various uses or application is lost.

However, research conduct in the Philippines at the Davao ResearchCenter

in 1988-1991 (Maravilla and Magat, 1993).

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METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The study used the descriptive research design to determine and

describe the socio-demographic profile of coco toddy collectors, their

investment, volume produced and sold, and the problems and coping

mechanisms. The profitability of coco toddy production was analyzed through

cost and return analysis and aided with profitability ratio especially rate on

return on sales.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study were coco toddy collectors from barangay

Colambog, Silik and Katilacan in Pikit, North Cotabato.

Sampling Procedure and Sampling Size

An initial survey was done to determine the population of coco toddy

collectors in the selected barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. A complete

enumeration was used as sampling procedure which considers all coco toddy

farmers in the study area as respondents for the study. This was due to the

small population size of the targeted respondents. A total of thirty-two (32)

respondents was derived from the three study areas in Municipality of Pikit.

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There were fifteen (15) respondents from Barangay Colambog, ten (10) in

Barangay Silik, and seven (7) in barangay Katilakan. All of which were taken

as samples.

Research Instrument

An interview guide was used as an instrument for data gathering. It was

divided into four parts; the socio-demographic profile, investment, volume

extracted and sold, costs and return of the coco toddy collectors, and the

problems encountered and coping mechanisms of the coco toddy collectors.

Data Gathering Procedure

An initial survey was done to determine the number of coco toddy

collectors in the area. The barangays that served as area of the study was

Barangay Colambog, Silik, and Katilakan. These were the barangays which

has identified coco toddy collectors.

The data was gathered through a personal interview with the

respondents. The coco toddy collectors was interviewed in their respective

homes.

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Statistical Analysis

The prime data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as

frequently counts, percentages and averages. The data that were descriptively

analyzed were the socio-demographic profile, investment, volume

produce/extracted and sold, and problems encountered and their coping

mechanisms.

Costs and return analysis was used to measure the profitability of coco

toddy collectors in Pikit, aided with profitability ratio which was computed to

estimate the rate of return in toddy collection.

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RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Socio-demographic Characteristics of Coco Toddy Collectors

Table 1 shows the socio-demographic characteristics of the coco toddy

collectors in Pikit, North Cotabato. Results revealed that most of the collectors

aged almost 50 years old, all of them were male married (97%), with a

household size of 5 members, Cebuano and Roman Catholics. Most of them

reached elementary (53%), some of them reached high school (28%) while

only few of them, 6% and 13% graduated from high school and elementary,

respectively. On the average, they have been collecting toddy for almost 10

years.

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Table 1.Socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents in selected barangay in Pikit, North Cotabato.August 2011.

VARIABLES FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE AVERAGE

(N=32) %

Age 49.6

Household size 4.78

Gender

Male 32 100

Civil Status

Married 31 97

Single 1 3

Religion

Roman Catholic 32 100

Tribe

Cebuano 32 100

Educational attainment

Elementary level 17 53

Elementary graduates 4 13

High School level 9 28

High School graduates 2 6

Years in collecting coco toddy 9.59

Other source of income 32 100

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Investments of Coco Toddy Collectors

Table 2 summed up the material inputs used by coco toddy collectors

directly in producing coco toddy. These materials were considered fixed

inputs, setting aside “tungog”, which entails fixed costs in the production

process. On the average, the coco toddy collectors used 1 “sangot” with a per

unit cost of P 136.25, 6 gallons with a per unit cost of P 16.50, and 1 “bairan”

with a per unit cost of P 124.53. Although these costs do not necessary rise up

with production, it is still important to derive its costs per tree. On the other

hand, the only variable cost noted here is “tungog” which on the average, they

used 1 pack per day.

Table 2.Average investment of coco toddy collectors per day in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.

VARIABLES AVERAGEAVERAGE COST AVERAGE COSTS QUANTITY PER UNIT PER TREE (P)

“Sanggot” 1 136.25 26.98

“gallons” 6 16.5 3.35

“tungog” 1 23.94 4.84

“bairan” 1 124.53 25.34

Total Average cost 301.22 60.51

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Average Volume Collected of Coco Toddy

The table 3 shows the average of coco toddy in selected

barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. the average number of trees collected was

5and the average volume per tree (L) of coco toddy extracted per day is four

(4) liters. The average extracted liters of coco toddy are found to be higher

than the estimated 3 liters per tree, as assumed by by Manohar (2010).

Furthermore, the average amount of extracted coco toddy per

tree per day was P40.00 of which P39.00 was the actual sales while only

about P 1.00 was unsold. The unsold coco toddy was consummated or

processed into vinegar.

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Table 3. Average volume of Coco Toddy collected in selected barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.

VARIABLES AVERAGE VOLUME AVERAGE AMOUNT (LITER) PER TREE (P)

Average no. of tress collected (5)

Coco toddy extracted per day (liter) 4 40

Coco toddy sold (liter) 3.9 39

Unsold coco toddy per day (liter) 0.1 1

Total Averag 8.9 80

Cost and Return of Coco Toddy Collectors

Table 4 shows the monthly net income of coco toddy collectors. The

volume was sold P1,170 and unsold P198 from the total gross income which is

1,368. On the hand, total cost of collecting coco toddy was derived by adding

the variable cost and fixed cost. Total variable cost is computed by identifying

the total cost of tungog in a month, which is P145.20. The fixed cost, which is

the combined cost of sanggot P26.98, gallon P20.10, and bairan P25.34, is

P72.42. Overall, the average total cost is P217.42/ month.

Lastly, to derive the total net income of collecting coco toddy, the total

gross income was subtracted by the total cost. The total monthly net income of

collecting coco toddy is P1,252.38/month.

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In relation to the above results, a study of Manohar (2010) shows that a

one hectare (100 tress) coco toddy farm has an investment cost of P330,00.

Thus it costs P3,300 per tree. Compared to the literature, the small-scale coco

toddy collectors seems to have little expenses and also a lesser profiy than

the estimated farm.

The study also considered the profitability ratios which measures the

rate of return on sales or profit margin of coco toddy production in selected

barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. Results revealed that the net profit margin

shows how much each sales per peso shows up as net income after all

expenses are paid. The net profit margin is 85% which means that 85 cents

for every peso is profit. Thus it would be occurred based on the rate of return

the coco toddy collections, even small scaled is profitable. The solution and

derivation of the rate of return on sales was shown below.

Rate of return on sales =Net income Net sales

=1,252.38 1,470

=0.85 or 85%

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Table 4. Cost and return of coco toddy collectors per month in selected Barangays in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.

ITEMS AVERAGE AMOUNT PER TREE (Php)

Income

Volume sold 1,170

Volume unsold 300

Total income 1,470

CostVariable cost

“Tungog” (1pack x P4.84) 145.20

Total Variable Cost 145.20

Fixed cost “Sanggot” 1pc.x P 26.98 26.98“gallon’s” 6pc.x P 3.35 20.10“bairan” 1pc.x P 25.34 25.34

Total fixed cost 72.42Net Income P 1,252.38

Legend :

Volume sold : 3.9LxP10 X 30 daysVolume unsold: 0.1LxP10 X 30 days

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Problem and Coping Mechanisms of Coco Toddy

Table 5 summed up all the problems that coco toddy collectors

encountered and how they coped with that problems. They said that they find

it hard collecting coco toddy during rainy Days due to wet trunks of the

coconut trees. They resolved this problem by providing ladders for them to

climb the tree easily. When illness also strikes them, they resolve by taking

rest and taking medicines.

Table 5. Problems encountered and their coping mechanisms of coco toddy collectors in Pikit, North Cotabato. August 2011.

PROBLEMS FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE COPING (N=32) % MECHANISMS

Wet trunk 32 100 Provide ladder in order to climb

illness 32 100 Rest and take medicines

21

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The study evaluated the profitability of producing coco toddy in selected

Barangay in Pikit, North Cotabato. Thirty-two coco toddy collectors were

considered as respondents using complete enumeration.

The results of the study may be summarized as follows:

1. Majority of the respondents were married males with an average of

almost 50 years old. Roman Catholic was the dominant religion of the

respondents. Furthermore, the respondents, as a whole, were found to reach

elementary education but were not able to graduate. Average coco toddy

collecting experience of the respondents is almost 10 years.

2. Investment in coco toddy collection includes: “sanggot” with an

average unit and cost of one and P136.25, respectively; gallons which has an

average unit of 6 and P16.5 cost, “tungog” with an average of 1 unit and P

23.94 cost, and “bairan” which has an average unit of 1 at 124.22 cost.

3. The respondents can extract a total of four liters per day and sold

3.9 liters. Average amount of sold coco toddy is P 39.00.

4. Coco toddy collectors were found to be efficient in coco toddy

collection. They have a net income of P 1,252.30 and a rate of return on sales

of 85% cents per peso sale.

5. The most common problems of the respondents were wet trunk,

wherein they used ladders as copping mechanism, and illness. Coco toddy

22

collectors collects toddy every morning, rain or shine. Due to this practice,

many of the respondents suffer from cold and cough but have to deal with it

using medicines for they can’t stop doing their source of living.

The following conclusions were drawn based on the results of the

study:

1. Coco toddy collection was a profitable enterprise and the coco toddy

farmers were found to be efficient in coco toddy collection. They received 85

cents in every one peso investment they have in coco toddy collection.

2. However, the respondents were observed as members in the poverty

threshold level, as seen in their low educational attainment and as observed

during the survey. The researcher could conclude that, though it was shown

that they were efficient in coco toddy collection, based on the rate of return on

sales, they only own small number of trees, such livelihood has a small

contribution in their economic condition.

Based on the findings and conclusions of the study, the following are

recommended:

1. A further study on the economic condition of the collectors will

determine what factors are responsible on the stagnant economic

development of the collectors even with the fact that they are efficient in coco

toddy production.

2. Government support will be a great help to the coco toddy collectors.

Programs such as seminar on improvement of production practices; giving

23

permanent and profitable marketing channels; and seminars on proper health,

will enable the collectors to improve their production levels due to the

technology introduced and dissemination of information will help them ward-off

or minimize the risk of illness.

24

LITERATURE CITED

Aquino, M.U.PhD. 2009. Rural Cooperative Partnership Exploits Comparatives Advantages of Coconut Sap Sugar Production. Coconut Sap.Bureau of Agricultural Research. From:http//www.bar.gov.ph/bardigest/2009/aprjJun09_coconutsap.asp.Retrive March 17, 2011.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 1997.Sharing Traditional Skills in ToddyTapping.FAO Focus. From:http//www.fao.org/focus/e/tcdc/toddy-e.htm. Retrieve March 17, 2011

Garin, O.G., 2008. Agriculture Business Week. P5.5 Million for Coconut WineProduction. From http:www.agribusenesswek.com/p55-million-for-coconut –wine production//.Retrieve March 17,2011.

Mohamad, I. 2010. Nuts for coconut: Today the local Brew .Eco Green Maldives. From hhtp://ecogreenmaldives.blogspot.com/2010/04/nuts-for- coconut-toddy – local – brew. Html. Retrieve March 17, 2011.

Piana,V.2003. Costs : A key concept in Economics. Economics Web Institute.From http://www.economicsurebinstitute.org/glossary/costs.htm.Retieve December 20, 2010

Pabuayon, I.M.and C.M.Medina.2007.Policy Imperatives for Coconut- Based Communities in the Philippines: The Market, Poverty and Environment Nexus. Up Los Banos and Up Center for Integrative and Development Studies.Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.54 p. FromRetrieve March 23 ,2011.

Secreted of the Pacific Community.2006. Coconut Healthy Pacific LifestyleSection. From http://www.spc.in/lifestyle/.Retrieve 17,2011.

Medium and Small Scale Industries Coordinated Action (MASICAP). 2010.Coco-sap Sugar and Honey Production: fromhhtp//www.investinr12.net/index.php/component/banners/clicks/index.php?option =com_content&id=89:coco-sapsugar-and-honey-

Maravilla, J. N. and Magat, S. S (1993). Sequential Coconut Toddy (Sap) and Nut Poduction in Laguna Tall Variety and Hybrid Coconut.Philippines.J.Coconut Studies 18(2):7-15

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APPENDICES

26

Republic of the PhilippinesUNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Kabacan, Cotabato

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT

Application for Thesis Manuscript Defense

Name GINA MAE M. MACAGBADegree Sought

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

Thesis Title “COST OF CHEMICALS USED AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF VEGETABLE GROWERS IN KAPATAGAN, DIGOS, DAVAO

Date of Exam:

FEBRUARY 29, 2012 Time: 10:00 AM Place: CBDEM

GINA MAE M. MACAGBAStudent’s signature over printed name Date

RECOMMENDING APPROVAL:

KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLO KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLOAdviser’s signature over printed name Department Research Coordinator

NORMA U. GOMEZ, Ph. DDepartment Chairman

EXAMINING COMMITTEEName Signature Date

Chairman KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLOMember HELEN A. ABIDONGMember ROMIEL JOHN P. BASAN

REPORT ON THE RESULT OF EXAMINATION(Remarks of the examining committee should indicate whether passed or failed)

Name Signature RemarksChairman KATHLEEN IVY Z. BOLOTAOLOMember HELEN A. ABIDONGMember ROMIEL JOHN P. BASANAPPROVED:

MAGDALENA A. GUIAMALCBDEM Research Coordinator

Important: All applications for examination must be done two (2) working days prior to the scheduled date of examination.

27

Republic of the PhilippinesUNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

Kabacan, Cotabato

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT

Certification of English Critic

Name NOVA LILET M. ALVARADODegree Sought

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

This is to certify that the thesis entitled, “COST OF CHEMICALS USED AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF VEGETABLE GROWERS IN KAPATAGAN, DIGOS, DAVAO

conducted by

NOVA LILET M. ALVARADO

was edited by the undersigned.

RHENALIE T. NEYRASignature over printed name Date

I confirm that this study has been checked by the English Critic.

RHENALIE T. NEYRAAdviser’s signature over printed

nameDate