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VOLCANOES Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!!
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Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

Jun 23, 2020

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Page 1: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

VOLCANOES Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!!

Page 2: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

VOLCANOS

Three Types of Volcanos

Shield

Cinder Cone

Composite

Page 3: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

LAND FORMATIONS FROM LAVA & ASH

Shield Volcano Created by hot spots

Gently sloping

Cinder Volcano Steep

Cone-shaped hill/mountain

Composite Volcano

Tall, cone-shaped mountain Alternating layers of ash and lava

Page 4: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

SHIELD VOLCANO

http://www.earthonlinemedia

.com/images/lithosphere/vol

canism/shield_volcano_2.gif

Page 5: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

SHIELD VOLCANO

http://www.earthonlinemedia

.com/images/lithosphere/vol

canism/shield_volcano_2.gif

Page 7: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

COMPOSITE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1u1Ys4m5zY4

Quiet eruptions alternate with explosive forming

layers of lava ash.

http://facweb.stvincent.edu/academi

cs/pathways/science/volcanoes.htm

Page 8: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

WHAT IS A VOLCANO?

A weak spot in the crust where molten material, or magma, comes to the surface

Magma- molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases & water from the mantle

Lava- Magma that reaches the surface

Page 9: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

WHERE ARE VOLCANOES LOCATED?

Volcanoes can be found: Diverging Plate boundaries

(mid-ocean ridge)

Converging plates with subduction zones Oceanic plate vs. oceanic plate

Oceanic Plate vs. Continental plate

Hot Spots Area where magma from deep within the mantle melts

through the crust like a blow torch Example: Hawaiian Islands

Page 10: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

WHAT IS THE RING OF FIRE?

Ring of Fire

A circular pattern located around the pacific ocean along the plate boundaries where volcanoes are more common

Page 11: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.
Page 12: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

RESULTS OF VOLCANOES

Are constructive: add new rock to existing land

form new islands

Can be destructive explosive eruptions changes the landscape of

and around the volcano

Page 13: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

ERUPTIONS

Why do volcanoes erupt? Less dense magma seeps upward through cracks and

creates volcanoes

Gas in the magma is trapped and builds pressure

Closer it gets to surface the less pressure it has and the gases separate (bubbles)

Gases dissolve on the surface and magma is carried out

Page 14: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

TYPES OF ERUPTIONS

2 types:

Quiet

Lava moves steadily and easily

Explosive

Thick, sticky lava plugs vent like a cork and builds up pressure

Explodes and releases pyroclastic flow Volcanic ash: fine, rock particles

Cinders: pebble sized particles

Bombs: baseball to car sized particles

Page 15: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

LAND FORMATIONS FROM LAVA & ASH

Shield Volcano Created by hot spots

Gently sloping

Cinder Volcano Steep

Cone-shaped hill/mountain

Composite Volcano Tall, cone-shaped mountain

Alternating layers of ash and lava

Page 16: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

SHIELD VOLCANO

http://www.earthonlinemedia

.com/images/lithosphere/vol

canism/shield_volcano_2.gif

Page 18: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

COMPOSITE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1u1Ys4m5zY4

Quiet eruptions alternate with explosive forming

layers of lava ash.

http://facweb.stvincent.edu/acade

mics/pathways/science/volcanoes.h

tm

Page 19: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

WHERE ARE VOLCANOES LOCATED?

Volcanoes can be found:

Diverging Plate boundaries (mid-ocean ridge)

Converging plates with subduction zones

Oceanic plate vs. oceanic plate

Hot Spots

Area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust like a blow torch

Example: Hawaiian Islands

Page 20: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

TYPES OF ROCKS PRODUCED

Type of lava produces different types of rocks

Slower Flowing, Thicker, sticky, lighter

colored

Rhyolite, Pumice, obsidian

flows readily, dark colored basalt

Page 21: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

SILICA CONTENT DETERMINES ROCK

High Silica –

thicker, sticky, lighter colored

Rhyolite, Pumice, Obsidian

Low silica lava

flows readily, dark colored

Basalt

Page 22: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

TYPE OF FLOW

Quiet vs. Explosive – determined by

Percentage (amount) of silica (material made from the elements oxygen and silicon)

Page 23: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

STAGES OF A VOLCANO

Active: (live) erupting or has shown signs that it may erupt In the near future

Dormant: (Sleeping) is not currently erupting but may/can erupt in the future

Extinct: (dead) unlikely to erupt again

Page 24: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

OTHER VOLCANIC ACTIVITY

Hot springs

Groundwater is heated by near by magma rising to the surface and collects in natural pools

Page 26: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

VOLCANO GAMES

http://w4.nkcsd.k12.mo.us/~mkurbin/ptrevgm

s.htm

Page 28: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

LAND FORMATIONS FROM MAGMA

Volcanic Neck: magma hardens in the volcanoes pipes and the soft rock wears away

Dike: magma that was forced across rock layers hardens and the soft rock wears away

Sill: magma that squeezed between rock layers hardens and the soft rock wears away

Page 29: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

LAND FORMATIONS FROM MAGMA

Batholith

Mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools in the crust

Dome Mountains

Rising magma is blocked by horizontal rock layers and forces the rock layers to bend upward into a dome shape and then the soft rock wears away

Page 30: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

T= VOLCANOES – PERIOD 2

TYPES (Landforms) -- Shield - layers of lava- gradual hill - quiet

-- Composite – Quiet/Explosive – layers ash and lava

-- Cinder Cone – Quick Formation - Explosive

LOCATION (s) -- Hot Spots

-- Ring of Fire (Convergent Boundary)

-- Divergent Boundary (MOR-Mid Oceanic Ridge)

-- Island Arc (Convergent oceanic/oceanic boundary)

LAVA FLOW -- Pyroclastic Flow – Cinder, Ash, Rock, Pumice, gases

-- Pahoehoe – fast – low silica- low viscosity

-- Aa – slow moving, high silica – high viscosity

Page 31: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

TYPES AND LOCATIONS OF VOLCANOES

There are three different types of volcanoes. They are shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface. A composite volcano is the most common volcano and its eruptions can be loud and explosive or quiet. A cinder cone is one that explodes cinders, ash and bombs. It grows quickly. Volcanoes can be found at hot spots, at convergent boundaries such as the ring of fire, and at divergent boundaries such as the mid oceanic ridge. Island Arcs can be formed when two oceanic plates converge. Awesome volcanoes form at various locations and they vary size and type.

Page 32: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

T = VOLCANOES (CON’T) (PERIOD 2)

What determines Lava Flow?

-- Viscosity

-- Silica

-- Temperature

-- High Viscosity

High Silica, low Temp

--Low Viscosity

Low Silica, high Temp

ROCKS Formed (less important) *(usually high silica = lighter rock )

-- Pumice – Light and airy- from explosive eruptions(high silica content)

-- Obsidian – more dense and smooth (cools quickly- explosive eruptions)

-- Basalt – low silica lava flow (Pahoehoe)

-- Rhyolite – high silica content

-- granite – high silica content

Page 33: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

T= VOLCANOES CON’T (PERIOD 2)

PARTS OF A VOLCANO

-- Stomach – Magma Chamber – Hot Magma

-- Esophagus – Pipe – regurgitation of magma

-- Throat – throat

-- Mouth - Vent

-- Ears – Side Vent

-- Opening around vent - Crater

-- Ash Cloud

-- Lava Flow

Page 34: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

T= VOLCANOES CON’T

Life Cycle

--

--

--

Page 35: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.

PARAGRAPH ON VISCOSITY (PERIOD 2)

Tuesday - Write 5 complete sentences regarding the viscosity of lava flow. HINT— 1 What determines it! –

2 What causes low viscosity?

3 What causes high viscosity?

4 What type of lava flow has high viscosity?

5 What type of lava has low viscosity

Flow is determined by viscosity. Viscosity is determined by silica and temperature. Low amounts of silica causes low viscosity. Higher amounts of silica causes higher viscosity. Lower temperatures cause higher viscosity. Higher temperatures cause lower viscosity. Pyroclastic flows are high in viscosity. Pahoehoe and Aa have lower viscosity. Pahoehoe is less viscous than Aa. As you can see, some lava flow vary in viscosity.

Page 36: Get Ready for an ERUPTION!!! VOLCANOESsca.district70.org/.../28/62660550/PP-VolcanoesP2.pdf · shield, composite and cinder cone. A shield volcano can cover a very large surface.