Generations of computers

GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS

Prepared by: T. Roselyn D.C. Villanueva

1st Generation of Computer (1946 – 1957)

Thermion valves were usedBulky / heavy volume

MAJOR DRAWBACKS:

The operating speed was quite slowPower consumption was very highIt required large space for installationThe programming capability was quite low

VACCUME TUBES

- also called a electron tubes is a sealed glass or metal-ceramic enclosure used in electronic circuitry to control the flow of electrons between the metal electrodes sealed inside the tubes

- John P. Eckert, John W. Mauchly , and their associates at the Moore school of Electrical Engineering of University of Pennsylvania decided to build a high – speed electronic computer to do the job.

1946…

ENIAC

(Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator)

- ENIAC used 18,000 vacuum tubes, about 1,800 square feet of floor space, and consumed about 180,000 watts of electrical power.

1946…

ENIAC

(Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator)

- The ENIAC used in world war II for military purpose.

1946…

ENIAC

(Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator)

- Was made by Dr. Presper Eckert and Dr. John Mauchly in US. 

1951…

UNIVAC

(Universal Automatic Computer)

- The first business used computer for Census Bureaus.

1951…

UNIVAC

(Universal Automatic Computer)

- The final cost of constructing the first UNIVAC was close to one million dollars. 

1951…

UNIVAC

(Universal Automatic Computer)

2nd Generation of Computer (1958 – 1963)

Transistor was madeThe concept of CPU, memory,

programming language, input and output units were developed

Programming Language: - FORTRAN

- COBOL

- Smaller than electric tubes and have higher operating speed.

TRANSISTOR

-No filament and require no heating

-Manufacturing cost was also very low

- The first “High Level Language” that was developed in 1954 by IBM team lead by John Backus with first complier.

1954…

FORTRAN

(FORmula TRANslation)

- 2nd high level programming language that was developed by the Conference on Data Systems Languages (CODASYL).

1959…

COBOL

(COmmon Business-Oriented Language)

3rd Generation of Computer (1964 – 1970)

Integrated Circuits was usedSome of the computers developed in

this period were IBM-360, ICL-1900, IBM-370, and VAX-750

Higher level language such as BASIC was developed

- A single IC has many transistors, registers and capacitors built on a single thin slice of silicon.

Integrated Circuits(ICs)

- also known as Chips

IBM-360

ICL -1900

IBM - 370

VAX - 750

4th Generation of Computer (1971 – 1989)

Present day computersThey use LSIC built on a single silicon chip called microprocessor

Later, VLSIC replaced LSICs

ICs

LSIC

VLSIC

PC

5th Generation of Computer (1990 – to date)

The speed is extremely highIt can perform parallel processing

Artificial IntelligenceStill in a developmental stage

- The generation of computers being designed to expand the use of artificial intelligence, natural language, expert systems and online social networks. 

- Commonly used in interactive game playing, language translating, expert system, and robotics.