Project: Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative Document Title: Non-Traumatic Abdominal Pain/Abdominal Emergencies Author(s): Joseph House (University of Michigan), MD 2012 License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License : http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ We have reviewed this material in accordance with U.S. Copyright Law and have tried to maximize your ability to use, share, and adapt it. These lectures have been modified in the process of making a publicly shareable version. The citation key on the following slide provides information about how you may share and adapt this material. Copyright holders of content included in this material should contact [email protected]with any questions, corrections, or clarification regarding the use of content. For more information about how to cite these materials visit http://open.umich.edu/privacy-and-terms-use. Any medical information in this material is intended to inform and educate and is not a tool for self-diagnosis or a replacement for medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional. Please speak to your physician if you have questions about your medical condition. Viewer discretion is advised: Some medical content is graphic and may not be suitable for all viewers. 1
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GEMC: Non-Traumatic Abdominal Pain/Abdominal Emergencies: Resident Training
This is a lecture by Dr. Joseph House from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
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Author(s): Joseph House (University of Michigan), MD 2012
License: Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
We have reviewed this material in accordance with U.S. Copyright Law and have tried to maximize your ability to use, share, and adapt it. These lectures have been modified in the process of making a publicly shareable version. The citation key on the following slide provides information about how you may share and adapt this material.
Copyright holders of content included in this material should contact [email protected] with any questions, corrections, or clarification regarding the use of content.
For more information about how to cite these materials visit http://open.umich.edu/privacy-and-terms-use.
Any medical information in this material is intended to inform and educate and is not a tool for self-diagnosis or a replacement for medical evaluation, advice, diagnosis or treatment by a healthcare professional. Please speak to your physician if you have questions about your medical condition.
Viewer discretion is advised: Some medical content is graphic and may not be suitable for all viewers.
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Attribution Key
for more information see: http://open.umich.edu/wiki/AttributionPolicy
• Bilious vomiting• Can occur in utero• Distention depends on site of volvulus• May develop ischemia within hour• May have h/o intermittent abd pain, failure
to thrive• Can have malrotation w/o volvulus
16
Treatment
• OR
• Fluids
• Electrolytes
17
Case 2
• CC: vomiting
• 2wk old
• Was feeding normally 4 days ago, but then started having increasing frequency and quantity of vomiting
• Non-bilious
18
Case 2
0.384 cm1.4 cm
19Source unknown
Pyloric Stenosis
• Hypertrophy of pylorus• 1 in 250 births• Male : female of 4:1• First born males highest risk• Onset 2 to 5 wks• Infant is hungry and will eat, but vomit w/in
5min prior to feeds• When tolerated po transitioned to 2x
dose orally• Average length of treatment 52 days
– OR22
Case 3
• CC: abdominal pain
• 9yo male
• History of abdominal migraines
23
Case 3
24Source unknown
2yo same diagnosis
25Source unknown
2yo same diagnosis
26Source unknown
2yo same diagnosis
27Source unknown
2yo same diagnosis
28Source unknown
Intussusception
• Leading cause of obstruction in infants• Most commonly between 3 and 12 months• Can have ileo-colic, ileo-ileo, or colo-colic• Small bowel prolapses through ileo-cecal
valve• May have lead point
29
Intussusception
• COLICKY pain
• May have currant jelly stool 50-75% have heme + stool
30
Intussusception
• Work-up– X-ray
• Early may be normal
• After 6 to 8hrs, may show obstructive pattern
– U/S 98-100% sensitivity
31
Intussusception• Treatment
– Air enema• Perf rate up to 3%• Lower success rate and higher perf rate: <3 months
or >5yrs, >48hrs of symptoms, hematochezia, dehydration, SBO
– OR
32
Intussusception
• Antibiotics prior to reduction?– Have heard prior peds surgeon requested it
– Only reference can find is use if suspect peritonitis
• Surgeon needs to evaluate prior to reduction?
33
• Recurrence– 1 to 3%
– Can retry air enema
– More common in older
– May have lead point
34
Case 4
• CC: Abdominal pain
• 3yo male
• Pain, vomiting, constipation x3d
35
Case 4
• VS: HR 148, RR 22, T 36.7, wt 16.1kg
• Gen: mildly ill appearing
• HEENT, Neck, CV, Resp: neg
• Abd: tense, distended, tympanitic
36
Case 4
37Source unknown
Case 4
38Source unknown
Case 4
• Peds surg consulted
• Going to take to OR
• Delayed decided to do conservative treatment
• Became CV unstable to OR
• Final diagnosis: perforated Meckel’s Diverticulum
39
Meckel’s Diverticulum
• Remnant of embryonic yolk sac
• Omphalo-mesenteric duct connects yolk sac to the gut and provides nutrition until the placenta is established
• Between the 5th and 7th wk of gestation, separates from the intestine
• Epithelium of the yolk sac develops a lining similar to stomach