Gedruckte Elektronik — Printed Electronics — eine ... · PDF filepolytronics organic electronics, oe • plastic electronics anorganic nano materials hybrid materials ......

Institut für Print- und Medientechnik der TU Chemnitz[Institute for Print- and Media Technology at Chemnitz University of Technology]

Director: Prof. Dr. Arved C. Hübler • Reichenhainer Str. 70 • 09126 Chemnitz • Germanyhttp://www.tu-chemnitz.de/pm • [email protected] • Tel: +49-371-531-2364 • Fax: -3780

Gedruckte Elektronik —eine Technologierevolution mitChancen für die Druckindustrie?VDD Jahrestagung in Darmstadt am 30.9.2005, von Arved Hübler

Printed Electronics —a Technical Revolution withChances for the Graphic Arts Industry

2 ©Sources:Authors:

A-key:Institute for Print & Media Technology Chemmnitz

1

OUTLINE

1. revolution in the printing industry?

2. markets and activities

3. printed electronics - state of the art

4. new results

5. Chemnitz – an international center for printed electronics



a lot of revolutions in the printing industry …

Gutenberg’s “industrial” printing technique

printedbooks printed

newspaper

printedpackaging

new printingtechnologiesoffset

rotative & web printing

printedmagazines

digitalprinting

directmailingmass

markets

CIP4

innovationlevel

1500 2000

techniquemarket

pmTUC A. Hübler

09/05 30.00.000e1



… come to a saturation!

innovationlevel

it seems, printing is coming toa saturation point:no new large application areas!

1500 2000

every visible thing we could cover with ink,we have covered with ink!

pmTUC A. Hübler

09/05 30.00.000e1

Raudert, Heidelberger Druck:Auch in den nächsten 50 Jahren wird es ein “höher,schneller, weiter” der Druckmaschinen geben.(29.9.2005, 50 Jahre FGD)

?



printed electronics is a totally new approach!

1500 2000

innovationlevel

it seems, printing is coming toa saturation point:no new large application areas!

every visible thing we could cover with ink,we have covered with ink!

not the visible functionbut electronic functionswill been applied to all itemswe could cover with ink!

pmTUC A. Hübler

09/05 30.00.000e1



a chance for the printing industry?

It is a question of definition!

It’s a chance for everyone who enters the field,for the printing industry, the press manufactures,but also for many others …

remember the story of Xerox (1,2 & 4)

pmTUC A. Hübler

09/05 30.00.000e1



2

OUTLINE




4. new results




first, a new market between traditional media

low highflexibility of information

info

rmat

ion

quan

itit

y

tele-phone

tv &radio

PoDPrint-on-

Demand

officeprinting

mobilephone

E-paper

PCnotebook

mp3player

e-book

gameboy

PDA

high

printed electronicsprintedpaper

Ct-techno-logies

bridging the gapbetween media worlds

pmTUC A. Hübler

09/05 30.00.000e1



Toppan Printing Japan: “Printed Display”

Cintelliq 4.7.05A. Hübler

7/05 00.00.000d1

Diagonal 5 inchResolution 320 x 240 pixels (QVGA)Pixel pitch 360 µmPixel density 70 ppiEmissive material:� polymer

Toppan has not described its printing technique, but itis neither vapour deposition nor inkjet.

key attributes:• Allows deposition of RGB colour without masks• for large area substrate, does not require any mask• Contact-less deposition• high precision and uniform film thickness• Pixel densities of 200ppi or greater are possible



E-paper: A long way

2005: The first product with E-inkfrom Jacobson’s company isannounced:End of 2005 Citizen will launch aclock on flexible substrate with anE-ink display in Japan.Electrodes and the E-ink areprinted by Screen printing.

1995: Jacobson at MIT announcedE-ink.He promised a book, changing thecontent on each page by pushing abutton.His forecast: 2000 it is there.

pmTUC, ctU. Hahn, A. Hübler

06/05 30.00.000e1



Dainippon Screen buys INCA

pmTUC, INCA 27.9.2005 OSCU. Hahn, A. Hübler

06/05 30.00.000e1

Dainippon Screen• strong position in graphic

arts industry• 45% market share for

imaging devices in the Silicon wafer industry

• producing of flat panel backplanes

INCA• wide format inkjet devices

⇒ Goal:printed electronics



Univeristy of Tokyo: T. Someya et.al.

Cintelliq OSC2005U. Hahn, A. Hübler

09/05 30.00.000e1

T.Someya, IEDM 2004 #16/1H. Kawaguchi, ISSCC 2004 #32.3.

flexibleimaging capturingdeviceby screen printing



University of Tokyo: T. Someya et.al.

Cintelliq OSC2005U. Hahn, A. Hübler

09/05 30.00.000e1T.Someya, IEDM 2004 #16/1H. Kawaguchi, ISSCC 2004 #32.3.



expected markets for organic electronics

Marktprognose Polymerelektronik 2020 in Mrd. US$

0 10 20 30 40

Lichtquellen

Stromquellen

Displays

Einf. Anzeigen

Sensoren

Logik und Speicher

Pro

du

ktg

rup

pe Gesamtsumme:

96 Mrd. US$

expected market at 2020in Billion $

logic & memory

sensors

symbolic displays

active displays

power sources

light sources

total sum96 Billion $

IDTechEx, 07/2005, pmTUC A. Hübler

09/05 30.00.000e1

share of mass printing not indicated?



3

OUTLINE




4. new results




a new polymer chemistry with new materialshonoured by Nobel Prize 2000

⇒ plastics with electrical properties• conducting plastics• semi-conducting plastics• light-emitting plastics• sensors from plastics• acting plastic• …

Delocalized π-electrons generate a p- or n-chargetransport in the polymer chain.

as liquids, these polymer materialscould become printable.electronic systems become printable!–� an extreme cheap way producing intelligent devices

applications: electronics Everywhere!

plastic logic, pmTUCA. Hübler

2/04 0-0.0-0v1



systematics and the technical terms

pmTUC A. Hübler

09/05 30.00.000e1

material:

polytronics

organic electronics, oe • plastic electronics

anorganicnano materials

hybrid materials

polymer electronics

monomer electronics

nanotronics

processing: evaporation

etc.solution based processes

trad. electronics

non printing,e.g. SAM,

spin coating…

printing

low throughpute.g. Inkjet, pad

printing

hybrids (organic & traditional electronics): chip application, etched metal foils, …

mass printinge.g. offset,

gravure, flexoprintronics



bottle-neck technologyon the way to the market

from material to application –the place of printing technologies in the picture

materials (chemistry, physics)

electronics(functions, logic design …)

oFETs, circuits…

industrialproduction processefficiency, quality, press

engineering …

special printingequipment at pmTUC

pmTUC A. Hübler

09/05 30.00.000e1

new printing processes prepress approaches press design pre/post treatment



why pure mass printing?

IC’s

MEM’s

PCBresolution(Integration)

50

20

100

10

5

2

1

500

200

100

[nm][µm]

Ink Jet,…screen p.

productivity20 100 1.000 10.000 100.000

[m2/h]

gravureweb offset

flexosheet fed offset

lab press at pmTUC

mass printing

trad.micro-

electronics

advantage: productivity 104

x integration 10-3

x costs 104

looking for fields, whereintegration is not important

FOGRA, Scitex, pmTUC A. Hübler

09/05 30.00.000e1



mass printing of electroncis: the approach

+

+

+

+

++++

++ +

Pre-treatment

+

+

+

++++

++ +

+

+

+

++++

++ +

+

+

+

++++

++ +

+

Post-treatment

Printingunit #1

Printingunit #2

Printingunit #3

Printingunit #4

UnwindPET foil

printingupside

printingbottomside

3. printed layer

Insulatoron top

2. printed layer

Semicoductoron top

1. printed layer

conductive Source-Drain Structure and vias

4. printed layer

Conductive GateStructure & vias

topview

sideview

Substratee.g. PET foil

RewindPET foil

orcutting etc

additional effect of printing: easy integration, no assembly needed pmTUC A. Hübler

05/05 30.00.000e1



comparison: traditional printing and printing electronics

requirement visual printing printing electronics1. function of the layer visual electronic

2. functional material pigment functional polymers

3. resolution of structures > 20 µm 1 … 5 … < 20 µm

4. thickness of layers ~ 1 µm+ 100 – 300 nm

5. register between layers ± 5 µm 1 – 5 µm

6. homogeneous layer not important very important

7. formulation of the liquid optimised for price influences morphology

8. chemical pureness not important very important

9. adhesion of the layers one main problem main problem

10. clean room conditions not known standard

11. number of layers 4, sometimes more 1-4 and more

!!

!

!!

printing electronics is a totally new challenge

pmTUC A. Hübler

08/04 30.00.000e1



source-drain structure

1. homogeneity

it is possible to use thetypical roughness of printingto build up an oFET onoffset printed SD structures

sharpness of the edges of eachfinger line is good

roughness influences the upperlayer

A. searching for new processeswith smoother layers

B. developing a device designwhich is resistant against layervariations

Dirk Zielke, Arved C. Hübler, Ulrich Hahn, Nicole Brandt,Janos Veres, &Simon Ogier: Polymer-Based Organic Field-Effect Transistors Using Offset Printed Source/DrainStructures. Applied Physics Letters, Volume 87, Issue12, 19. Sept. 2005

pmTUC A. Hübler

09/05 30.00.000e1



surface tension / viscosity - dispersions and solutions

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1,0E+01 1,0E+02 1,0E+03 1,0E+04 1,0E+05 1,0E+06

viscosity [mPa s]

surfa

ce te

nsio

n [m

N/m

]

offsetmodified

conductor C

Insulator Isemiconductor SC

C 1 BaytronP

I 1

C 2

C 3

I 2

I 3I 5

C 4

SC 2

I 4

flexogravure

SC 3

C 5SC 1

+ water

← toluene(0.6)

printed material: surface tensions and viscosity

pmTUC N. Brandt, A. Hübler

12/03 30.00.000e1



electrical functions logical functions

photonic functionssensors

1) connections, via’s2) connecting through substrates3) resistance, capacity, inductivity4) antennas (HF)5) transistors/diods6) others

data memory1. serial memory structures2. matrix-memory structures3. re-writeable memoriescirciutry4) digital/synchronous circuits5) analogous/asynchronous circuits

reversible/irreversible material changes1. light/UV2. temperature3. humidity4. pressure (digital switch)5. pressure (analogous)6. actors7. others

light emission1. organic light emitting diods (OLED)2. electro luminescence3. thermo- and electrochrome4. otherslight sensors5) photo voltaic (energy sources) 6) photo detectors (image recognition)

electronic devices for a mass printing production

pmTUC A. Hübler

01/05 30.00.000e1



two directions to look

Complexity of devices

ready for market 1. launching the first mass printed electronic products

2. working on the leading edgeof research, supporting thenextbreak-through in advancedall mass printed circuits

pmTUC, orinted systems A. Hübler

09/05 30.00.000e1

remember the story of Xerox (3)



4

OUTLINE




4. new results




First mass printed electronic products

1. key pad- as game pad- as SMS pad for mobiles- …

2. ID card- as playing card- as ticket- …

• mass printed• flexible on paper• both sides useable• both sides complete free for printed

four colour images⇒ applications and advertisement with cheap throw-away-prints

printed systems A. Hübler

09/05 30.00.000e1



material aspects

no silver inks, but only polymers• cheap• no problems with recycling• conductivity is good enough

paper substrates, no foils• cheap• no problems with recycling• surface conditions are good enough

quality• functional guarantee no problem (ongoing long term tests)• no interference with four-colour print


09/05 30.00.000e1



interfaces to the exiting electronics

interfaces are available

cheap• much easier technology than readers for barcode, RF-ID, magnetic strips etc. ⇒important feature for all consumer

applications• very reliable (>99% right reading)

plug & play• using USB port connecting directly to the application


09/05 30.00.000e1



mass printed oFETS, mass printed circuits

several technical solutions are possible!

the three main problemsA. source-drain printing with

highest resolutions

B. finding a suitable semi-conductor

C. solving the important problems of theright isolator

Our approach:1. solve all three questions on a low level

to get an impression about the wholerange of problems.

2. start to develop certain improvements ineach field

mass printed circuits (printed systems, pmTUC)

In the following, thepresentation is focussed only on

source-drain printing.


09/05 30.00.000e1



the first ring oscillator with mass printing technologies

-30

-20

-10

00 10 20

t / s

V OUT

/ V

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

-40 -30 -20 -10 0

VIN / V

V OU

T /

V

GND

VDD

VOUT

printing: combination offset, gravure & flexographic printing

materials: semi-conducting layer F8T2conducting layer PEDOTisolator own development

in co-operation with:BASF, Lucent Technologies Bell LabspmTUC Chemnitz, printed systems

printed systems, pmTUC A. Hübler, H. Kempa, M. Bartzsch

09/05 30.00.000e1



CHEMNITZ



the state of the art: electronics by mass printing

mass printing ofelectronics is ona good tracktowards its firstapplications.logic devices areunder development

1947 firsttransistor

1958 firstintegrated circuit

2005 a billion oftransitors on a wafer

2003 first organictransistor withmass printingtechniques atpmTUC

2005 first organiccircuit with massprinting techniques

Bell Labs, Motorola, Vivovoco printed systems, pmTUC A. Hübler

09/05 30.00.000e1



5

OUTLINE




4. new results




pmTUC: annual external resources (new contracts)

97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05

9 k€

325 k€

398 k€

661 k€

749 k€

883 k€1,0

Mio €

0,5

0

1.180 k€

pmTUCA. Hübler

4/05 00.03.001e1

goal: ~ 2 Mio EURcomparation:ø TUC faculty mechanical engineering ~ 230,000 EURø top in Germany (TU München) ~ 980,000 EUR

1.600 k€

989 k€

⇒ 45 employees at pmTUC



printed systems

background

founded 2003 as a spin-off fromChemnitz University of Technology

8 employees, financed by revenue

close co-operation with pmTUCChemnitz University of TechnologyInstitute for Print & Media Technology

business:mass printing of new electronics

Member of OEA organic electronics association



Innovativer Wachstumskern für gedruckte Elektronik

pmTUCA. Hübler

8/05 00.00.000d1

GEMAC, Chemnitz

3D Micromac, Chemnitz

KSG Leiterplatten, Gornsdorf

GETT Elektronik, Treuen

Institut für Print- undMedientechnik der TU Chemnitz

printed systems,Chemnitz

C H E M N I T Z

running 3 years, starting 1.11.2005over all volume: 9,5 Mio EURfunding: 6,6 Mio EURpmTUC: 1,6 Mio EURIZM: 0,8 Mio EUR

5 companies, 2 institutes

FhG IZM, Chemnitz



Fraunhofer-Institut IZM - Institutsteil Chemnitz

Institut für Zuverlässigkeit und Mikrointegration (IZM)der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaftneben Berlin und München wird einen dritten Institutsteilin Chemnitz gebaut: Arbeitsschwerpunkt Multi Device IntegrationGründung einer neuen Arbeitsgruppe: gedruckte Elektronik2006 Start2008 Eröffnung des Neubaus (mit Laboren und Erstausstattung für den Bereich gedruckte Elektronik)

I Z M

I Z M

IZM ChemnitzA. Hübler

8/05 00.00.000d1

Institut für Print- und Medientechnik der TU Chemnitz[Institute for Print- and Media Technology at Chemnitz University of Technology]

Director: Prof. Dr. Arved C. Hübler • Reichenhainer Str. 70 • 09126 Chemnitz • Germanyhttp://www.tu-chemnitz.de/pm • [email protected] • Tel: +49-371-531-2364 • Fax: -3780

Printed Electronics —a Technical Revolution withChances for the Graphic Arts IndustryVDD Jahrestagung in Darmstadt am 30.9.2005, von Arved Hübler

VDD Jahrestagung 2006:50 Jahre Polygrafie an der TU/TH Chemnitz

Sie werden staunen,was sein 1995 passiert ist.

VDD Jahrestagung 2006:50 Jahre Polygrafie an der TU/TH Chemnitz

Sie werden staunen,was sein 1995 passiert ist.

Gedruckte Elektronik — Printed Electronics — eine ... · PDF filepolytronics organic electronics, oe • plastic electronics anorganic nano materials hybrid materials ......

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