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Institut für Print- und Medientechnik der TU Chemnitz[Institute for Print- and Media Technology at Chemnitz University of Technology]
Director: Prof. Dr. Arved C. Hübler • Reichenhainer Str. 70 • 09126 Chemnitz • Germanyhttp://www.tu-chemnitz.de/pm • [email protected] • Tel: +49-371-531-2364 • Fax: -3780
Gedruckte Elektronik —eine Technologierevolution mitChancen für die Druckindustrie?VDD Jahrestagung in Darmstadt am 30.9.2005, von Arved Hübler
Printed Electronics —a Technical Revolution withChances for the Graphic Arts Industry
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2 ©Sources:Authors:
A-key:Institute for Print & Media Technology Chemmnitz
1
OUTLINE
1. revolution in the printing industry?
2. markets and activities
3. printed electronics - state of the art
4. new results
5. Chemnitz – an international center for printed electronics
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3 ©Sources:Authors:
A-key:Institute for Print & Media Technology Chemmnitz
a lot of revolutions in the printing industry …
Gutenberg’s “industrial” printing technique
printedbooks printed
newspaper
printedpackaging
new printingtechnologiesoffset
rotative & web printing
printedmagazines
digitalprinting
directmailingmass
markets
CIP4
innovationlevel
1500 2000
techniquemarket
pmTUC A. Hübler
09/05 30.00.000e1
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… come to a saturation!
innovationlevel
it seems, printing is coming toa saturation point:no new large application areas!
1500 2000
every visible thing we could cover with ink,we have covered with ink!
pmTUC A. Hübler
09/05 30.00.000e1
Raudert, Heidelberger Druck:Auch in den nächsten 50 Jahren wird es ein “höher,schneller, weiter” der Druckmaschinen geben.(29.9.2005, 50 Jahre FGD)
?
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printed electronics is a totally new approach!
1500 2000
innovationlevel
it seems, printing is coming toa saturation point:no new large application areas!
every visible thing we could cover with ink,we have covered with ink!
not the visible functionbut electronic functionswill been applied to all itemswe could cover with ink!
pmTUC A. Hübler
09/05 30.00.000e1
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a chance for the printing industry?
It is a question of definition!
It’s a chance for everyone who enters the field,for the printing industry, the press manufactures,but also for many others …
remember the story of Xerox (1,2 & 4)
pmTUC A. Hübler
09/05 30.00.000e1
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7 ©Sources:Authors:
A-key:Institute for Print & Media Technology Chemmnitz
2
OUTLINE
1. revolution in the printing industry?
2. markets and activities
3. printed electronics - state of the art
4. new results
5. Chemnitz – an international center for printed electronics
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first, a new market between traditional media
low highflexibility of information
info
rmat
ion
quan
itit
y
tele-phone
tv &radio
PoDPrint-on-
Demand
officeprinting
mobilephone
E-paper
PCnotebook
mp3player
e-book
gameboy
PDA
high
printed electronicsprintedpaper
Ct-techno-logies
bridging the gapbetween media worlds
pmTUC A. Hübler
09/05 30.00.000e1
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Toppan Printing Japan: “Printed Display”
Cintelliq 4.7.05A. Hübler
7/05 00.00.000d1
Diagonal 5 inchResolution 320 x 240 pixels (QVGA)Pixel pitch 360 µmPixel density 70 ppiEmissive material:� polymer
Toppan has not described its printing technique, but itis neither vapour deposition nor inkjet.
key attributes:• Allows deposition of RGB colour without masks• for large area substrate, does not require any mask• Contact-less deposition• high precision and uniform film thickness• Pixel densities of 200ppi or greater are possible
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E-paper: A long way
2005: The first product with E-inkfrom Jacobson’s company isannounced:End of 2005 Citizen will launch aclock on flexible substrate with anE-ink display in Japan.Electrodes and the E-ink areprinted by Screen printing.
1995: Jacobson at MIT announcedE-ink.He promised a book, changing thecontent on each page by pushing abutton.His forecast: 2000 it is there.
pmTUC, ctU. Hahn, A. Hübler
06/05 30.00.000e1
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Dainippon Screen buys INCA
pmTUC, INCA 27.9.2005 OSCU. Hahn, A. Hübler
06/05 30.00.000e1
Dainippon Screen• strong position in graphic
arts industry• 45% market share for
imaging devices in the Silicon wafer industry
• producing of flat panel backplanes
INCA• wide format inkjet devices
⇒ Goal:printed electronics
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Univeristy of Tokyo: T. Someya et.al.
Cintelliq OSC2005U. Hahn, A. Hübler
09/05 30.00.000e1
T.Someya, IEDM 2004 #16/1H. Kawaguchi, ISSCC 2004 #32.3.
flexibleimaging capturingdeviceby screen printing
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University of Tokyo: T. Someya et.al.
Cintelliq OSC2005U. Hahn, A. Hübler
09/05 30.00.000e1T.Someya, IEDM 2004 #16/1H. Kawaguchi, ISSCC 2004 #32.3.
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expected markets for organic electronics
Marktprognose Polymerelektronik 2020 in Mrd. US$
0 10 20 30 40
Lichtquellen
Stromquellen
Displays
Einf. Anzeigen
Sensoren
Logik und Speicher
Pro
du
ktg
rup
pe Gesamtsumme:
96 Mrd. US$
expected market at 2020in Billion $
logic & memory
sensors
symbolic displays
active displays
power sources
light sources
total sum96 Billion $
IDTechEx, 07/2005, pmTUC A. Hübler
09/05 30.00.000e1
share of mass printing not indicated?
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3
OUTLINE
1. revolution in the printing industry?
2. markets and activities
3. printed electronics - state of the art
4. new results
5. Chemnitz – an international center for printed electronics
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a new polymer chemistry with new materialshonoured by Nobel Prize 2000
⇒ plastics with electrical properties• conducting plastics• semi-conducting plastics• light-emitting plastics• sensors from plastics• acting plastic• …
Delocalized π-electrons generate a p- or n-chargetransport in the polymer chain.
as liquids, these polymer materialscould become printable.electronic systems become printable!–� an extreme cheap way producing intelligent devices
applications: electronics Everywhere!
plastic logic, pmTUCA. Hübler
2/04 0-0.0-0v1
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systematics and the technical terms
pmTUC A. Hübler
09/05 30.00.000e1
material:
polytronics
organic electronics, oe • plastic electronics
anorganicnano materials
hybrid materials
polymer electronics
monomer electronics
nanotronics
processing: evaporation
etc.solution based processes
trad. electronics
non printing,e.g. SAM,
spin coating…
printing
low throughpute.g. Inkjet, pad
printing
hybrids (organic & traditional electronics): chip application, etched metal foils, …
mass printinge.g. offset,
gravure, flexoprintronics
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bottle-neck technologyon the way to the market
from material to application –the place of printing technologies in the picture
materials (chemistry, physics)
electronics(functions, logic design …)
oFETs, circuits…
industrialproduction processefficiency, quality, press
engineering …
special printingequipment at pmTUC
pmTUC A. Hübler
09/05 30.00.000e1
new printing processes prepress approaches press design pre/post treatment
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why pure mass printing?
IC’s
MEM’s
PCBresolution(Integration)
50
20
100
10
5
2
1
500
200
100
[nm][µm]
Ink Jet,…screen p.
productivity20 100 1.000 10.000 100.000
[m2/h]
gravureweb offset
flexosheet fed offset
lab press at pmTUC
mass printing
trad.micro-
electronics
advantage: productivity 104
x integration 10-3
x costs 104
looking for fields, whereintegration is not important
FOGRA, Scitex, pmTUC A. Hübler
09/05 30.00.000e1
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mass printing of electroncis: the approach
+
+
+
+
++++
++ +
Pre-treatment
+
+
+
++++
++ +
+
+
+
++++
++ +
+
+
+
++++
++ +
+
Post-treatment
Printingunit #1
Printingunit #2
Printingunit #3
Printingunit #4
UnwindPET foil
printingupside
printingbottomside
3. printed layer
Insulatoron top
2. printed layer
Semicoductoron top
1. printed layer
conductive Source-Drain Structure and vias
4. printed layer
Conductive GateStructure & vias
topview
sideview
Substratee.g. PET foil
RewindPET foil
orcutting etc
additional effect of printing: easy integration, no assembly needed pmTUC A. Hübler
05/05 30.00.000e1
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comparison: traditional printing and printing electronics
requirement visual printing printing electronics1. function of the layer visual electronic
2. functional material pigment functional polymers
3. resolution of structures > 20 µm 1 … 5 … < 20 µm
4. thickness of layers ~ 1 µm+ 100 – 300 nm
5. register between layers ± 5 µm 1 – 5 µm
6. homogeneous layer not important very important
7. formulation of the liquid optimised for price influences morphology
8. chemical pureness not important very important
9. adhesion of the layers one main problem main problem
10. clean room conditions not known standard
11. number of layers 4, sometimes more 1-4 and more
!!
!
!!
printing electronics is a totally new challenge
pmTUC A. Hübler
08/04 30.00.000e1
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source-drain structure
1. homogeneity
it is possible to use thetypical roughness of printingto build up an oFET onoffset printed SD structures
sharpness of the edges of eachfinger line is good
roughness influences the upperlayer
A. searching for new processeswith smoother layers
B. developing a device designwhich is resistant against layervariations
Dirk Zielke, Arved C. Hübler, Ulrich Hahn, Nicole Brandt,Janos Veres, &Simon Ogier: Polymer-Based Organic Field-Effect Transistors Using Offset Printed Source/DrainStructures. Applied Physics Letters, Volume 87, Issue12, 19. Sept. 2005
pmTUC A. Hübler
09/05 30.00.000e1
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surface tension / viscosity - dispersions and solutions
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1,0E+01 1,0E+02 1,0E+03 1,0E+04 1,0E+05 1,0E+06
viscosity [mPa s]
surfa
ce te
nsio
n [m
N/m
]
offsetmodified
conductor C
Insulator Isemiconductor SC
C 1 BaytronP
I 1
C 2
C 3
I 2
I 3I 5
C 4
SC 2
I 4
flexogravure
SC 3
C 5SC 1
+ water
← toluene(0.6)
printed material: surface tensions and viscosity
pmTUC N. Brandt, A. Hübler
12/03 30.00.000e1
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electrical functions logical functions
photonic functionssensors
1) connections, via’s2) connecting through substrates3) resistance, capacity, inductivity4) antennas (HF)5) transistors/diods6) others
data memory1. serial memory structures2. matrix-memory structures3. re-writeable memoriescirciutry4) digital/synchronous circuits5) analogous/asynchronous circuits
reversible/irreversible material changes1. light/UV2. temperature3. humidity4. pressure (digital switch)5. pressure (analogous)6. actors7. others
light emission1. organic light emitting diods (OLED)2. electro luminescence3. thermo- and electrochrome4. otherslight sensors5) photo voltaic (energy sources) 6) photo detectors (image recognition)
electronic devices for a mass printing production
pmTUC A. Hübler
01/05 30.00.000e1
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two directions to look
Complexity of devices
ready for market 1. launching the first mass printed electronic products
2. working on the leading edgeof research, supporting thenextbreak-through in advancedall mass printed circuits
pmTUC, orinted systems A. Hübler
09/05 30.00.000e1
remember the story of Xerox (3)
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26 ©Sources:Authors:
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4
OUTLINE
1. revolution in the printing industry?
2. markets and activities
3. printed electronics - state of the art
4. new results
5. Chemnitz – an international center for printed electronics
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27 ©Sources:Authors:
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First mass printed electronic products
1. key pad- as game pad- as SMS pad for mobiles- …
2. ID card- as playing card- as ticket- …
• mass printed• flexible on paper• both sides useable• both sides complete free for printed
four colour images⇒ applications and advertisement with cheap throw-away-prints
printed systems A. Hübler
09/05 30.00.000e1
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material aspects
no silver inks, but only polymers• cheap• no problems with recycling• conductivity is good enough
paper substrates, no foils• cheap• no problems with recycling• surface conditions are good enough
quality• functional guarantee no problem (ongoing long term tests)• no interference with four-colour print
printed systems A. Hübler
09/05 30.00.000e1
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interfaces to the exiting electronics
interfaces are available
cheap• much easier technology than readers for barcode, RF-ID, magnetic strips etc. ⇒important feature for all consumer
applications• very reliable (>99% right reading)
plug & play• using USB port connecting directly to the application
printed systems A. Hübler
09/05 30.00.000e1
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mass printed oFETS, mass printed circuits
several technical solutions are possible!
the three main problemsA. source-drain printing with
highest resolutions
B. finding a suitable semi-conductor
C. solving the important problems of theright isolator
Our approach:1. solve all three questions on a low level
to get an impression about the wholerange of problems.
2. start to develop certain improvements ineach field
mass printed circuits (printed systems, pmTUC)
In the following, thepresentation is focussed only on
source-drain printing.
printed systems A. Hübler
09/05 30.00.000e1
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the first ring oscillator with mass printing technologies
-30
-20
-10
00 10 20
t / s
V OUT
/ V
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
-40 -30 -20 -10 0
VIN / V
V OU
T /
V
GND
VDD
VOUT
printing: combination offset, gravure & flexographic printing
materials: semi-conducting layer F8T2conducting layer PEDOTisolator own development
in co-operation with:BASF, Lucent Technologies Bell LabspmTUC Chemnitz, printed systems
printed systems, pmTUC A. Hübler, H. Kempa, M. Bartzsch
09/05 30.00.000e1
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CHEMNITZ
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the state of the art: electronics by mass printing
mass printing ofelectronics is ona good tracktowards its firstapplications.logic devices areunder development
1947 firsttransistor
1958 firstintegrated circuit
2005 a billion oftransitors on a wafer
2003 first organictransistor withmass printingtechniques atpmTUC
2005 first organiccircuit with massprinting techniques
Bell Labs, Motorola, Vivovoco printed systems, pmTUC A. Hübler
09/05 30.00.000e1
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5
OUTLINE
1. revolution in the printing industry?
2. markets and activities
3. printed electronics - state of the art
4. new results
5. Chemnitz – an international center for printed electronics
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pmTUC: annual external resources (new contracts)
97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05
9 k€
325 k€
398 k€
661 k€
749 k€
883 k€1,0
Mio €
0,5
0
1.180 k€
pmTUCA. Hübler
4/05 00.03.001e1
goal: ~ 2 Mio EURcomparation:ø TUC faculty mechanical engineering ~ 230,000 EURø top in Germany (TU München) ~ 980,000 EUR
1.600 k€
989 k€
⇒ 45 employees at pmTUC
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printed systems
background
founded 2003 as a spin-off fromChemnitz University of Technology
8 employees, financed by revenue
close co-operation with pmTUCChemnitz University of TechnologyInstitute for Print & Media Technology
business:mass printing of new electronics
Member of OEA organic electronics association
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Innovativer Wachstumskern für gedruckte Elektronik
pmTUCA. Hübler
8/05 00.00.000d1
GEMAC, Chemnitz
3D Micromac, Chemnitz
KSG Leiterplatten, Gornsdorf
GETT Elektronik, Treuen
Institut für Print- undMedientechnik der TU Chemnitz
printed systems,Chemnitz
C H E M N I T Z
running 3 years, starting 1.11.2005over all volume: 9,5 Mio EURfunding: 6,6 Mio EURpmTUC: 1,6 Mio EURIZM: 0,8 Mio EUR
5 companies, 2 institutes
FhG IZM, Chemnitz
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Fraunhofer-Institut IZM - Institutsteil Chemnitz
Institut für Zuverlässigkeit und Mikrointegration (IZM)der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaftneben Berlin und München wird einen dritten Institutsteilin Chemnitz gebaut: Arbeitsschwerpunkt Multi Device IntegrationGründung einer neuen Arbeitsgruppe: gedruckte Elektronik2006 Start2008 Eröffnung des Neubaus (mit Laboren und Erstausstattung für den Bereich gedruckte Elektronik)
I Z M
I Z M
IZM ChemnitzA. Hübler
8/05 00.00.000d1
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Institut für Print- und Medientechnik der TU Chemnitz[Institute for Print- and Media Technology at Chemnitz University of Technology]
Director: Prof. Dr. Arved C. Hübler • Reichenhainer Str. 70 • 09126 Chemnitz • Germanyhttp://www.tu-chemnitz.de/pm • [email protected] • Tel: +49-371-531-2364 • Fax: -3780
Printed Electronics —a Technical Revolution withChances for the Graphic Arts IndustryVDD Jahrestagung in Darmstadt am 30.9.2005, von Arved Hübler
VDD Jahrestagung 2006:50 Jahre Polygrafie an der TU/TH Chemnitz
Sie werden staunen,was sein 1995 passiert ist.
VDD Jahrestagung 2006:50 Jahre Polygrafie an der TU/TH Chemnitz
Sie werden staunen,was sein 1995 passiert ist.