GAS RE-INJECTION Total experience Elisabeth PROUST.

GAS RE-INJECTIONTotal experience

Elisabeth PROUST

General – main principes

• Total has been re-injecting gas for years

• Re-injection is part of long term asset management:

– Temporary storage before blow down

– Pressure maintenance– EOR– Ready for emerging gas value

chains

• No continuous flaring policy for new developments implemented in 2000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

re-injection flaring

A steady decreasing flaring trend is observed since late ’90s

As from 2004, amount of re-injected gas is significantly

higher than flared gas.

GIRASSOLFirst Development of Block 17 in AngolaGas re-injection: first step of global gas management

• Girassol was put on stream in 2001 under a scheme of secondary recovery by water injection

• Temporary gas re-injection (up to 8 Mm3/d)

OIL PRODUCTION

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12/01 03/02 06/02 09/02 12/02 03/03 06/03 09/03 12/03 03/04 06/04 09/04 12/04 03/05 06/05

Oil

Pro

du

cti

on

kb

bl

JSM

GIR-B2

GIR-B1+Sh

GIR-B3

1600 m

500 m1400 m

Block 17

DALIA

1000 mCRAVO

ROSA

JASMIM

LIRIO

PAZFLOR

ANTURIOTULIPA

ORQUIDEAVIOLETA

GIRASSOL

After 5-8 years of gas re-injection, the

excess of gas cycling impacts adversely oil

production

GIRASSOLMonitoring of Gas Re-injection through 4D Seismic

• 1 year after First Oil, a repeat 3DHR was acquired

• It allowed to :– Monitor gas bubble expansion– Describe some heterogeneities– Predict GOR future development– Detect WOC rise

• A second 4D was acquired 3 years after First Oil

– Quantify and match gas and water sweep efficiency

– Assess gain of external gas storage (versus waiting for Angola LNG)

– Drill additional OP wells

Red =

4D anomaly

Block 17 – Gas External Storage: second step of global gas management

Angola

UM PoleGirassol

Dalia

Block 18

LNG Plant

16”16”

24

"

24’’Block 2

Block 15

Blocks 0 & 14

Gas injectionin situ

ALNG Plant start-up

E8A11D - B17 Gas Import & Export

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-1

0

1

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8

9

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

2017

2019

2021

2023

2025

2027

2029

Gas

Rat

e (M

Sm

3/d

)

B17 Gas Import

B17 Gas Export

Stored Volume

Block 2 fields Lombo-East & Tubarao identified as best candidates for external storage

Multiple stakeholders (Block operators, Angola LNG)Investments of main pipes brought forward, new platform on Block 2

Screening of potential storage candidatesMain criteria: seal, homogeneous depletion, well integrity, 0.4 tcf storable

Angola LNG mindset: Third step of global gas managementfrom a gas flaring concern to a gas valorization scheme

• Common Goal : ensure sustainable oil developments & address gas flaring concerns through a gas valorization scheme

• Strong Commitment & Alignment of all Stakeholders : partnership Sonangol - Oil companies

• Pooling of gas resources • Legal & Commercial Framework

suiting the project characteristics

• Strong partners to overcome commercial and technical challenges

Soyo200 m

Block 2

NAG

Greater Plutonio

Kizomba A

Kizomba B

Kizomba C

Bloc 0/14

GIRASSOL

DALIA

Phase I :LNG plant

AG pipelines

phase II 1-4 NAG

fields

phase IIIGas Caps blowdown

Arranging a stable gas supply of 1Bcfd

Gas injection for pressure maintenance

Congo – N’Kossa

injected gas ~ 80% of total gas

fuel gas & valorisation

operating flaring

Gas injection @ 420 bars since first oil

Cumulative gas injected:• 30 Gm3 (10 years)• 71 MTCO2eq

• FID: December 1992 • First oil: June 1996

• Liquid production increase:– Oil recovery (pressure maintenance)

– C3/C4 recovery in gas before

re-injection

• No continuous flaring

• The future: blowdown of the field

Gas valorization stake for the host country

Hydrocarbon gas re-injection for EOR Total experience: many successfull EOR projects since ’90’s

• using fatal gas without commercial outlet, thusavoiding flaring, or even commercial sales gas

ABK (UAE) 1991, Handil (Indonesia) 1995, Alwyn (UK) 1999, Jusepin (Venezuela) 2000, Amenam (Nigeria) 2003 ...

• HC Gas EOR implies:– Good geological model – Specific design of surface facilities to handle recycled gas– Specific material selection

• EOR must be taken into account in initial design (design provisions) => long term asset management

• Efficiency: If miscibility of gas & oil can be met in reservoir conditions (one phase):

Excellent recovery factor (>50%) can be achieved• Light oil (°API > 23, viscosity < 3 cp)• Gas rich in intermediate components• Reservoir high pressure and low temperature

If miscibility cannot be met, good recovery factor may be achieved by simple sweeping and swelling of the oil, in addition to pressure maintenance.

CO2 EOR: a way to capture and store CO2?(cf on-going studies on EKOFISK)

Living Quarters

AK Center Production Platform

AKEast

Gas Lift Platform

KPP platform

NKPP platform

Living Quarters

AK Center Production Platform

AKEast

Gas Lift Platform

KPP platform

NKPP platform

Emerging gas value chains:an alternative to re-injection

• It may soon be possible to bring value to once-flared gas… based on enablers, such as:

• A favourable context for an alternative to gas re-injection:

• sustained high price of natural gas

• deployment of emerging ‘energy transport’ technologies or producing new products… suitable for associated gas

• stakeholders alignment

• contractual / fiscal frameworks

• financing

•Gas transportation:• CNG, mini-LNG, •gas hydrates

• Gas conversion to products:• GTL, DME, MeOH,…

• Gas to power:• generation and long distance transportation

Developing new resources:acid and very acid gases

• IOC are facing increasing technological challenges to access and develop new gas resources:

• High CO2 content (> 30% Asia), high H2S content (Middle-East and Russia)

• Specific management of H2S and CO2 takes a growing part in atmospheric emissions problematic

–Total is a world leader in valorization of H2S - sulfur (Lacq since 1957)

–Total is highly involved in H2S & CO2 re-injection issues

Focus on long term integrity of storage reservoirs

Beyond gas flaring reduction…A concern of GHG emissions

• Fuel gas GHG emission will overcome flaring emissions as from 2010.

• 2 main drivers:• Increase share of non conventional

resources (arctic, heavy oils, tight gas, deep water) but also of mature fields lead to more energy consumption

• Flaring reduction investments since late ’90’s

Total has launched programs of:

•energy efficiency optimization

•CO2 capture and storage

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

VentingFuel GasFlaring

Beyond gas flaring reduction: Total E&P involved in CO2 Capture and Storage –

The Lacq pilot

• A Full Demonstration project :•30 MW Oxy Boiler at Lacq plant •Transportation and injection of CO2

•First CO2 storage in an onshore • depleted reservoir in Europe

•Start up end 2008

CO2 or acid gas HC gasOil Water

• Oxycombustion for CO2 capture :•Cost attractive and energy efficient solution• for CO2 capture on steam boilers •Reduce by 50% the direct and undirect• emissions associated to EHO hot production

• Dedicated R&D program :•CO2 and acid gas injection•Storage and well integrity•Long tem fate of CO2•Monitoring

CO2CAPTURE

CO2 TRANSPORT

AND INJECTIONCO2 STORAGE

CO2CAPTURE

CO2 TRANSPORT

AND INJECTIONCO2 STORAGE