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Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 1 December 20, 2013 2 December 2005 Web Information Systems Future Trends and Summary Prof. Beat Signer Department of Computer Science Vrije Universiteit Brussel http://www.beatsigner.com
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Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Nov 07, 2014

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This lecture is part of a Web Information Systems course given at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel.
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Page 1: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

1 December 20, 2013

2 December 2005

Web Information Systems Future Trends and Summary

Prof. Beat Signer

Department of Computer Science

Vrije Universiteit Brussel

http://www.beatsigner.com

Page 2: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

2 December 20, 2013

The Future of the Web

From a Web of documents (e.g. HTML pages)

to a Web of structured data and services semantic web and linked data

cloud computing

enabling technologies

- URI, XML, XHTML, RDF and OWL

The Internet as one global machine interoperability of services

automatic reasoning

The Mobile Web access information and services offered by the global machine

from everywhere at any time, feed the machine with new data and teach the machine new relationships between data

Page 3: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

3 December 20, 2013

The Future of the Web ...

Internet of Things integration of physical objects with the global machine

physical world gets reflected in digital space via sensor input data

- RFID, GPS, temperature, ...

information and services managed by the global machine get projected into the physical space via augmented reality

Personal data that is nowadays stored in folders on

personal computers might move to the global machine

User interfaces for the global machine personalised filtering and recommendation of related information

based on user profiling and AI technologies

cross-media browsers

Page 4: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

4 December 20, 2013

The Future of the Web ...

How will documents look like in the future? graph of linked data

documents as structural view of the linked data

will we still distinguish between data (document) and metadata?

How are the presented ideas related to approaches

introduced earlier in the course? e.g. Bush's Memex or Nelson's Xanadu

Do we need new publishing models for the creation of

linked data to be managed by the global machine?

Finally, it is not only about connecting our data, services

and machines but we are the machine

Page 5: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

5 December 20, 2013

Structured Data

Web of data instead of Web of documents Semantic Web

linked data as part of the Semantic Web

- based on URI, HTTP and RDF

various applications already make use of structured data on the Web

- search engines start to process microformats (e.g. hproduct) or RDFa markup

[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Lod-datasets_2010-09-22_colored.png]

Page 6: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

6 December 20, 2013

Cloud Computing

The cloud hides technological details from the user accessed over the Internet (e.g. via web browser)

customer no longer owns the physical infrastructure

different models including utility computing or subscription-based services

Microsoft

Google

Yahoo

Amazon

Cloud

Page 7: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

7 December 20, 2013

Cloud Computing ...

Cloud computing providers offer different types of

services Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

- rent virtual servers with unique IP and storage space on demand

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

- access operating systems and associated services from the cloud

- platform to create applications

• e.g. Google App Engine

Software as a Service (SaaS)

- end user applications

• e.g. web-based email, Flickr or Delicious

Page 8: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

8 December 20, 2013

Social Computing

New forms of computations performed by groups of

people based on networks of trust etc. "The Wisdom of Crowds", James Surowiecki

e.g. Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk)

Instead of having a small group of collaborating users, in

the future these social computations may be performed

on the global machine

Applications with social computations include social tagging

collaborative filtering

Page 9: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

9 December 20, 2013

Personalisation

To deal with the sheer amount of data, we will have to

apply semantic filtering and recommedation on the web

of data

The filtering and recommendation can be based on personal profiling

- monitoring a user's interaction with the global machine

social profiling

- investigate a user's social network

item classication - find similar items based on intrinsic properties as well as collaborative

annotations

Page 10: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

10 December 20, 2013

PIM Meets the Machine

Integration of personal

information management

(PIM) tools with the cloud

how much privacy will there

be in the future?

will the cloud be able to

forget information or will we

end up with an "archive of

our life" (total recall)?

MyLifeBits, Microsoft Research

Page 11: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

11 December 20, 2013

Internet of Things

In the future we will see more and more network- or

Internet-enabled physical objects

Physical objects get linked to digital information and

services offered by the cloud

How many objects will there be? estimates of 100'000 billion and more objects

Is simple object tagging via RFID tags enough? what if only a part of an object should be linked to the cloud?

we need a flexible addressing mechanism for physical resources

Is the simple mapping to a web presence (URI) enough?

Page 12: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

12 December 20, 2013

New Forms of User Interfaces

Is the concept of a

document still the right

metaphor for accessing

linked data?

What about interfaces

with semantic zooming

functionality to seamlessly

dive into more details?

Will the increasing impact of social computing also be

manifested in future interfaces for the global machine e.g. filtering and ranking of information in Newsmap

Microsoft's Photosynth interface for digital images

Page 13: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

13 December 20, 2013

New Forms of User Interfaces ...

In the future we will no longer just access information

from the machine via a web browser but augment and

use the physical environment as natural user interface e.g. augmented reality interfaces as presented in one of the

previous lectures

The use of linked data could help to overcome some the

limitations of existing document-centric desktop

interfaces files as ultimate level of granularity

no links (associations) between files or parts of files

missing content annotation functionality

Page 14: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

14 December 20, 2013

New Forms of User Interfaces ...

augmented contact lens

augmented car windshield

augmented phone display

Wik

itude W

orld b

row

ser

B.A

. P

arv

iz,

Univ

ers

ity o

f W

ashin

gto

n

augm

ente

d r

ealit

y w

indshie

ld,

GM

Page 15: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

15 December 20, 2013

Social Implications

What are the effects of the remediation of print on digital

natives? in longterm studies it has been shown that the frequent use of the

Web has a negative impact on a person's deep reading skills

a recent study by King's College London (KCL) has shown the negative effects of information overload

- "Information Overload Harms Concentration More than Marijuana"

What is the trade-off between personalisation and

privacy? will we still be able to control all the captured data or will we be

continously monitored and profiled by smart objects?

Transparency and trust will become even more important

issues!

Page 16: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

16 December 20, 2013

The Future of the Internet

internet of things

web of data

self-organising

cloud computing

security and privacy

mobile web

social computing

one global machine

Page 17: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

17 December 20, 2013

01001000100 0101001100010010100010010 0100100010010001000100001001000 100010001100001001000110010101010110 1100010010100010010010010100010101011001 101001100001100 101010100 00101000100 110101010101 00100 01010101000 1001 1111111111 111 0000000010 0 11111111 0101001011 010101010 111010101 001010010110

Fluid Cross-Media Information Spaces

Page 18: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

18 December 20, 2013

Prof. Dr. Beat Signer Interactive Paper, Cross-Media

Information Architectures

Dr. Bruno Dumas Multimodal Interaction, Cross-

Media Information Architectures

Lode Hoste Multimodal Interaction, Midas

and Mudra Framework

Brecht De Rooms Implicit Context-aware Human-

Computer Interaction, HCII

CISA

Human-Machine &

Human-Information

Interaction

Information

Systems &

Management

Information

Visualisation

& Navigation

WEB & INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

CROSS-MEDIA INFORMATION SPACES AND ARCHITECTURES (CISA)

Page 19: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

19 December 20, 2013

Sandra Trullemans Personal Cross-Media

Information Management

Reinout Roels MindXpres Next Generation

Presentation Tool

Ahmed A.O. Tayeh Open Cross-Media Authoring,

Fluid Document Formats

WEB & INFORMATION SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

CISA

Human-Machine &

Human-Information

Interaction

Information

Systems &

Management

Information

Visualisation

& Navigation

CROSS-MEDIA INFORMATION SPACES AND ARCHITECTURES (CISA)

Page 20: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

20 December 20, 2013

Digital Documents as a Paper Simulator?

Vannevar Bush

Ted Nelson

Most people don't understand the logic of the concept: "What You See Is What You Get" is based on printing the document out ("get" means "get WHEN YOU PRINT IT OUT"). And that means a metaphysical shift: a document can only consist of what can be printed! [...] No overlays [...] – PAPER UNDER GLASS.

When data of any sort are placed in storage, they are filed alphabetically or numerically, and information is found (when it is) by tracing it down from subclass to subclass. It can be in only one place, unless duplicates are used [...] The human mind does not work that way. It operates by association.

As We May Think, Atlantic Monthly, July 1945

Geeks Bearing Gifts: How the Computer World Got This Way, Mindful Press 2009

Page 21: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

21 December 20, 2013

What is Wrong with Digital Documents?

Existing document formats are based on the simulation

of paper affordances on desktop computers

How to manage mixed-media "documents" in open and

fluid cross-media information spaces? on the data level

- context-sensitive adapatation

- cross-media transclusion

on the visualisation and navigation level

- zoomable user interfaces

on the cross-media interaction level

- fluid multimodal cross-media interfaces

Remediation of the "paper simulation" approach WYSIWYG is only one out of many options!

Page 22: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

22 December 20, 2013

Bridging the Paper-Digital Divide

Page 23: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

23 December 20, 2013

What is Wrong with Slideware?

Simulation of physical slides limited space due to the slide concept

linear navigation from slide to slide

difficult to reuse content and embed rich media types

MindXpres addresses these issues unlimited canvas with zoomable user interface

non-linear navigation and associative linking

content-based approach with automatic visualisation

Page 24: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

24 December 20, 2013

MindXpres Presentation Tool

HTML5-based extensible

core with three types of

JavaScript plug-ins

components

- source code, graph, video, ...

containers

- slide, image gallery, ...

structures

- grid, graph, clustered, ...

Presentation as RSL-

based overlay structure

enables navigation across

multiple presentations

Reinout Roels

Page 25: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

25

Multimodal User Interfaces

EPOC, emotiv Echo Smartpen, Livescribe

Kin

ect,

Mic

roso

ft

Page 26: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

26 December 20, 2013

Midas/Mudra Framework declarative definition of multimodal

and multi-touch interactions

rule-based language approach

rapid protoyping and application development

iGesture Workbench create and test gesture sets and algorithms

different modalities: digital pen, Wii remote, …

open source (www.igesture.org)

SpeeG multimodal speech- and body gesture-based

text input

real-time correction of recognised voice input

Multimodal and Multi-Touch Interaction

Page 27: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

27 December 20, 2013

SpeeG2

User

Speech recognition

(Microsoft SAPI 5.4)

Skeletal tracking

(Microsoft Kinect)

5

4

2

3

SpeeG2 GUI

6

1

Sven De Kock

Page 28: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

28 December 20, 2013

Video: SpeeG2 Performance (21 WPM)

Sven De Kock

Page 29: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

29 December 20, 2013

ArtVis

Page 30: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

30 December 20, 2013

WISE Student Projects

Cross-Media Information Spaces and

Architectures fluid cross-media document formats

personal information management (PIM)

MindXpres presentation tool, the office of the future, ...

Multimodal and Multi-touch Interaction next generation text input devices (e.g. combine voice and Kinect)

multimodal mobile interaction

Interactive paper and augmented reality

If you should be interested in one of these topics

(or if you have your own ideas) please contact us! http://wise.vub.ac.be/thesis_proposals

Page 31: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

31 December 20, 2013

Other Courses

Advanced Topics in Information Systems seminar about recent developments in information systems

information systems and information management

information visualisation and navigation

human-machine and human-information interaction

[http://wise.vub.ac.be/content/advanced-topics-information-systems]

Next Generation User Interfaces general HCI introduction

multimodal interaction (theoretical concepts, fusion and fission, ...)

adaptation

pen-based interaction

tangible interaction and augmented reality

[http://wise.vub.ac.be/content/next-generation-user-interfaces]

Page 32: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

32 December 20, 2013

Course Summary

1. Introduction history of the Web

- Memex, Xanadu and various hypertext systems

ARPANET and TCP/IP

World Wide Web

2. Web Architectures HTTP protocol and session management

client-server architectures, proxies, tunnels and gateways

caching

client-side processing

- JavaScript, Java Applets, ...

server-side processing

- CGI, Java Servlets, JavaServer Pages (JSP), ...

Page 33: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

33 December 20, 2013

Course Summary …

3. Markup Languages HTML (XHTML) and CSS

HTML5

4. XML and XML Applications SAX (Simple API for XML) and DOM (Document Object Model)

XSL (XSLT)

XPath, XPointer and XLink

Document Type Definition (DTD) and XML Schema

XML-RPC

VoiceXML

Page 34: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

34 December 20, 2013

Course Summary …

5. Web Application Frameworks Model-View-Controller (MVC)

Apache Struts 2 and tag libraries

Apache Flex, Microsoft Silverlight, OpenLaszlo, Ruby on Rails, ...

web content management systems

6. Web 2.0 Basics main concepts and interactions

various Web 2.0 applications

social implications

Page 35: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

35 December 20, 2013

Course Summary …

7. Web 2.0 Patterns and Technologies asynchronous partial updates and RIAs

- AJAX and JSON-RPC

service oriented architectures (SOAs)

- Big Web Services and RESTful Web Services

RSS

mashups

8. Mobile Web Information Systems mobile network technologies

Peer-to-Peer-like (P2P) systems

context awareness

location-based services

user interfaces

Page 36: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

36 December 20, 2013

Course Summary …

9. Semantic Web semantic web stack

- RDF and RDFS, OWL, SPARQL, ...

semantic web applications

XHTML extensions

- microformats

- RDFa

10.Web Search web search engine architectures

Google PageRank algorithm

search engine optimisations (SEO)

- white hat and black hat optimisations

Page 37: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

37 December 20, 2013

Course Summary …

11.Security, Privacy and Trust HTTP Authentication

- basic authentication, digest authentication and base64 encoding

symmetric key and public key cryptography

- RSA cipher

digital signatures and digital certificates

TLS/SSL and HTTP Secure (HTTPS)

privacy issues

12.Future Trends future of the Web

- cloud computing, social computing, personalisation, innovative user interfaces

internet of things

cross-media information spaces

Page 38: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

38 December 20, 2013

Exam

Exams in the week of January 20, 2013

Each student will be assigned an examination slot

of 30 minutes 10 minutes for questions about the assignment

15 minutes oral exam about different topics that have been covered in the course

- note that there will be no specific preparation time

You will have to register for a specific examination via

PointCarré

Overall grade = oral exam (60%) + assigment (40%)

Submission of the assignment via PointCarré (dropbox) deadline: December 23, 24:00 (UTC)

Page 39: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

39 December 20, 2013

Exam …

You can bring the copies of your solutions for the

exercise with you as they might be used as a basis for

discussion during the oral exam

The exam will cover all the content presented in the

lectures as well as any additional information from the

exercise sessions includes the videos shown in some of the lectures

Remember to read the following two papers as they form

part of the course material Vannevar Bush, As We May Think, Atlanic Monthly, July 1945

Mark Weiser, The Computer for the 21st Century, ACM Mobile Computing and Communications Review, July 1999

Page 40: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

40 December 20, 2013

Exam …

Make sure that you can sketch basic architectures of

web information systems possible roles of different technologies

know how the things presented in different lectures fit together

- e.g. security applied to varying architectures

- e.g. web search for RIAs

- …

Make sure that you understand the basic concepts however, we might ask questions at any level of detail to evaluate

your knowledge

Page 41: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

41 December 20, 2013

References

Cross-Media Information Spaces

and Architectures http://wise.vub.ac.be/content/cross-media-information-spaces-and-architectures

Interactive Paper and Augmented Reality http://wise.vub.ac.be/content/interactive-paper-and-augmented-reality

Multimodal and Multi-Touch Interaction http://wise.vub.ac.be/content/multimodal-and-multi-touch-interaction

Page 42: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

42 December 20, 2013

References ...

Beat Signer and Moira C. Norrie, As We May

Link: A General Metamodel for Hypermedia Systems, In

Proceedings of ER 2007, Auckland, New Zealand,

November 2007

Beat Signer, Fundamental Concepts for Interactive

Paper and Cross-Media Information Spaces,

ISBN 978-3-8370-2713-6, May 2008

Lode Hoste, Bruno Dumas and Beat Signer,

Mudra: A Unified Multimodal Interaction Framework, In

Proceedings of ICMI 2011, Alicante, Spain, November

2011

Page 43: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

43 December 20, 2013

References ...

Lode Hoste, Bruno Dumas and Beat Signer,

SpeeG: A Multimodal Speech- and Gesture-based Text

Input Solution, In Proceedings of AVI 2012, Capri Island,

Italy, May 2012

Beat Signer, Ueli Kurmann and Moira C. Norrie,

iGesture: A General Gesture Recognition Framework, In

Proceedings of ICDAR 2007, Curitiba, Brazil, September

2007

Page 44: Future Trends - Lecture 12 - Web Information Systems (4011474FNR)

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected]

44 December 20, 2013

2 December 2005

Web Information Systems The End

Good Luck with the Exam!