Future listed buildings and ensembles From the reconstruction period (1940-1965) in the Netherlands Drs Willem Heijbroek Heemschu t
Future listed buildings and ensembles from the reconstruction period (1940-1965) in the Netherlands (Willem Heijbroek)
Nov 19, 2014
In 2007 the Governmental Service for Archeology, Cultural landscape and Monuments (RACM) selected 100 intact buildings from the reconstruction period in the Netherlands for future incorporation in the Governmental List of Protected Monuments.
Although this was considered as an interesting start, the private volunteer organization for cultural heritage ‘Heemschut’ stated that the selection was not representative. Particularly the absence of special categories, such as town halls and ensembles of houses, was the reason to start our own inventory. Although some communities had made surveys of reconstruction buildings themselves, most of the work had to be done by volunteers of the Heemschut organization. Selection criteria were formulated and applied to several hundreds of buildings and ensembles. Ca 25 per district were chosen and compiled in a booklet, as one characteristic item was given special attention.
During the one year course of the project it became obvious that 13 buildings were at risk and 12 demolished already. A number of these were built by famous architects such as Van Ravesteyn, Kloos, Boks, Blom, Duintjer and Wentink.
The brochure and this project evoked attention of the government and local authorities and public awareness by articles in the press and items on local and regional television stations. In that way the campaign succeeded already. In the near future a second phase of this project will deal with the guidance of activities in individual cases, developing of a format for a survey and all types of media contributions to propagate the significance of the reconstruction period.
Although this was considered as an interesting start, the private volunteer organization for cultural heritage ‘Heemschut’ stated that the selection was not representative. Particularly the absence of special categories, such as town halls and ensembles of houses, was the reason to start our own inventory. Although some communities had made surveys of reconstruction buildings themselves, most of the work had to be done by volunteers of the Heemschut organization. Selection criteria were formulated and applied to several hundreds of buildings and ensembles. Ca 25 per district were chosen and compiled in a booklet, as one characteristic item was given special attention.
During the one year course of the project it became obvious that 13 buildings were at risk and 12 demolished already. A number of these were built by famous architects such as Van Ravesteyn, Kloos, Boks, Blom, Duintjer and Wentink.
The brochure and this project evoked attention of the government and local authorities and public awareness by articles in the press and items on local and regional television stations. In that way the campaign succeeded already. In the near future a second phase of this project will deal with the guidance of activities in individual cases, developing of a format for a survey and all types of media contributions to propagate the significance of the reconstruction period.
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Future listed buildings and ensembles
From the reconstruction period (1940-1965) in the Netherlands
Drs Willem Heijbroek
Heemschut
• Heemschut was founded in 1911 at Amsterdam as a general organization for the protection of historical buildings and other monuments.
• During the course of time in the provinces councils were created and it became the largest private organization in this field.
• Monuments and characteristic buildings in danger of demolishing were protected by actions at the level of town, province and country.
• In this way large numbers of valuable buildings could be saved.
Heemschut protects cultural heritage
Headquarters of the Heemschut organization
Korenmetershuis, Amsterdam
Development during the course of years
• Within the framework of Heemschut groups of specialists were formed.
• In this way o.a. Menno van Coehoorn, Cuypers society, farm foundations and the Dutch mill association originated.
• The last ten years Heemschut has widened its scope into ensembles, cultural landscapes and its historical elements, the floating heritage and the more recent architecture.
The organization of Heemschut
• Governing board consisting of chairman, secretary, treasurer and chairmen of all provinces.
• Administrative bureau with general director, technical and juridical expert, department public activities and recently projectgroups as task force.
• Editorial staff producing the periodical of Heemschut.
Project Reconstruction architecture
• In 2007 the Governmental Service for Archeology, Cultural landscape and Monuments (RACM) selected 100 intact buildings (1940-1958).
• This was an interesting start but insufficient and dangerous; sinmce what would happen with 101?
• The selection was not representative and Heemschut started a survey, based on its own selection criteria.
Buildings selected by RACM in Zeeland
Categories of heritage to be protected
• Public buildings, town halls, institutions concert halls
• Business buildings, banks, shops, hotels.
• Industrial complexes, factories, bridges.
• Homes and quarters.
• Cultural landscapes with farms, polders, water works.
Town Hall Kapelle, Berghoef and Klarenbeek 1951
Church Ouwerkerk, Klokke 1956
Flax and linen industry; Koewacht ca 1950
Farm, Overslag 1942
Town Hall, Oostburg. Wentink 1957-58.
Windows, glass in concrete Hendriks
Flushing, Crane on wharf ca 1955
Oosterschelde bridge, Rijkswaterstaat 1961-1965.
Water-tower at Oostburg, van Eck 1951. Fire-station at Goes, 1954
Criteria for protection
• Quality and unicity.
• Characteristic for the area in Zeeland: water management tools, emergency houses.
• The ensembles, quarters and re-allotments.
• The level of maintainance and housing should not play a role.
• The threat of demolition.
Emergency houses after inundation in 1953, Nordic type.
Emergency farm, after inundation in 1945, Veere .
St. Maartensdijk,
Wentink and van Dijk 1956.
Fresco of Peter Alma,
saved by Heemschut
House by Götzen, Flushing 1947
Torn down in 2008
Characteristic integration of art and architecture
Britannia, Flushing, Joost Boks and Bram Middelhoek,1954-1960
The main entrance of Britannia,1960.
The unique mosaic frieze by Louis van Roode running form outside into the interior of the restaurant, 1955.
The concert hall and café with windows placed quadrangulair for an optimal view
Parts of the mosaic frieze by Louis van Roode
The state of Britannia in 2007 was miserable, but the concrete framework and roof were still in good shape.
Three genrations of artists: Louis van Roode, Marte Röling and unknown graffiti
Presentation of the Britannia project of Heemschut;10th international DoCoMoMo congres
The quarter called ‘Griffioen’
Middle class houses in a park area at Middelburg
112 homes built by A. Rothuizen 1948-1950
During the course of time the green spaces have developed into a real park
In the outer area bungalows have been built in a similar concept.
The landscape architect C.P. Broerse designed the surrounding area. In 2003 the municipality of Middelburg planned additional houses in the green area which was prevented by the inhabitants
The inhabitants organized themselves in a foundation to prevent further demolition of the environment.
They developed initiatives for revitalization of the houses by planning similar sheds.
Four elements: nature, leisure, education and game.
This project is a unique example how a group of citizens can protect their neighbourhood from demolishing by joint effort.
They formed a organization of volunteers with a number of activities and even edited an information leaflet.
Recognition and partnership
• Heemschut Zeeland recognized the special character of this quarter and estimated it as the best ensemble from the reconstruction period.
• The municipalty of Middelburg changed their view and is now on speaking terms with the organization, helping them to provide funds for revitalizing.
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