FUNDAMENTAL INFORMATION ABOUT COMPUTER

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FUNDAMENTAL INFORMATION ABOUT COMPUTER

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WHAT IS COMPUTER?

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A computer generally means a programmable machine.

A computer is a device that accepts information and manipulates it for some result based on a program or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed.

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INPUT+PROCESS=OUTPUT

INPUT

• Data Sheets

• Labor

• Computer

• Desk

• Chair

• Electricity

PROCESS

• Data Entry

• File Data Sheets

OUTPUT

• Entered Data

• Filed Data Sheets

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Computer

Classification: Computers can be generally classified by size

and power, There are :

· Personal computer: A small, single

user computer based on a microprocessor. In

addition to the microprocessor, a personal

computer has a keyboard for entering data,

a monitor for displaying information, and

a storage device for saving data.

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Workstation: A powerful, single-user computer. A workstation is like a personal computer, but it has a more powerful microprocessor and a higher-quality monitor.

Minicomputer: A multi-user computer capable of supporting from 10 to hundreds of users simultaneously.

Mainframe: A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.

Supercomputer: An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second.

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Hardware :Consists of devices, like the computer itself, the MONITOR,

KEYBORD, PRINTER, MOUSE and SPEAKERS. Inside the computer there are more bits of

hardware, including the motherboard, where you would find the main processing chips that make up the central processing unit (CPU). The hardware processes the commands it receives

from the software, and performs tasks or calculations.

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HARDWEAR DEVICES:

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MONITOR: A monitor or a display is an electronic visual display for computer.

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The Different Types of PC Monitors:

PC monitors come in two different flavors, each of which is known by a popular TLA (three-letter acronym): LCD and CRT.

*LCD: Stands for liquid crystal display. The newer, flatter type of computer screen.

*CRT: Stands for cathode ray tube. The traditional, glass-screen, television-set-like monitor.

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KEYBORD:A keyboard is the set of typewriter-like keys that enables you to enter data into a computer. Computer keyboards are similar to electric-typewriter keyboards but contain additional keys.

The keys on computer keyboards are often classified as follows:

*Alphanumeric keys Letters and numbers

*Punctuation keys Comma, period, semicolon, and so on.

*Special keysFunction keys, control keys, arrow keys, Caps Lock key, and so on.

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MOUSE:A device that controls the movement of

the cursor or pointer on a display screen.

Different Types:

Ball Mouse

Optical Mouse

Laser Mouse

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PRINTER: A printer is any device that

prints text or illustrations on paper.

There are many different types of printers.

Daisy-wheel

Dot-matrix

Ink-jet

LCD & LED

Line printer

Thermal printer

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SPEAKERS: Speakers are popular output

devices used with computer systems. They

receive audio input from the

computer's sound card and produce

audio output in the form of sound waves.

Different Types of Computer Speakers:2.1 Speaker5.1 Speaker7.1 SpeakerWireless

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SOFTWEAR:

Software means computer instructions or data.Anything that can be stored electronically issoftware, in contrast to storage devices and displaydevices which are called hardware.

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Categories of Computer Software:

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CPU - CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

CPU is the abbreviation for central processing unit.

Sometimes referred to simply as the central

processor, but more commonly called processor,

the CPU is the brains of the computer where most

calculations take place. In terms of computing

power, the CPU is the most important element of

a computer system.

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MAIN MEMORYROMANDRAM

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ROM(Read-only memory) :Read-only memory, or ROM, is a form of data storage in computers and other electronic devices that can not be easily altered or reprogrammed. RAM is referred to as volatile memory and is lost when the power is turned off whereas ROM in non-volatile and the contents are retained even after the power is switched off.

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RAM(Random-access-memory): Random-access memory, or RAM, is a form of data storage that can be accessed randomly at any time, in any order and from any physical location in contrast to other storage devices, such as hard drives, where the physical location of the data determines the time taken to retrieve it.

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Media is the material used in devices.

Example : Floppy Disk and CD-ROM

If CD-ROM is the media then CD-ROM drive is

the device.

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OS - operating

system:

The operating system is the most

important program that runs on a computer. Every

general-purpose computer must have an

operating system to run other programs.

Operating systems perform basic tasks, such as

recognizing input from the keyboard,

sending output to the display screen, keeping

track of files and directories on the disk, and

controlling peripheral devices such as disk

drives and printers.

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Computer Network : A computernetwork is a group of computersystems and other computinghardware devices that are linkedtogether through communicationchannels to facilitate communicationand resource-sharing among a widerange of users. Networks arecommonly categorized based on theircharacteristics.4/9/2015

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Categories of computer network:There are many types of networks, including:Local Area Networks (LAN)Personal Area Networks (PAN)Home Area Networks (HAN)Wide Area Networks (WAN)Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)Backbone Networks (BBN)Global Area Networks (GAN)Campus Networks InternetworksThe Internet

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