FROM SOFTWARE TO SERVICES. FROM SOFTWARE TO SERVICES... FROM COMPUTING TO COMMUNITIES?

FROM SOFTWARETO SERVICES

FROM SOFTWARETO SERVICES...

FROM COMPUTINGTO COMMUNITIES?

1. COMPUTER TIME SHARING

2. DESKTOP COMPUTING

3. THE INTERNET

4. SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE/WEB 2.0

BIG IRON

MAINFRAME

1950s 1960s 1970s

mainframes and minicomputers

expensive, limited access

UNIVAC 1232

TIME SHARING

“number crunching”

financial institutions

insurance companies

military/defense

TIME SHARING

solution:

one computer, many terminals

TIME SHARING

In time-sharing, many terminals are connected to a single mainframe.

Much of the computer's time is spent idle, waiting for input from the user

The mainframe accepts

commands from different terminals during idle moments.

DESKTOP COMPUTING

DESKTOP COMPUTING

your own computer

DESKTOP COMPUTING

standalone software packagesWord processingDesktop publishingSpreadsheets

DESKTOP COMPUTING

does not require internet accessdoes not take advantage of network effectsuser is responsible for installing patches/upgradesMSOffice, Quickbooks, etc.

THE INTERNET

THE INTERNET

DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency)ARPANET origins Interconnected computers for sharing research 1970s packet-switching TCP/IP

THE INTERNET

commercial use – 1988

World Wide Web – early 1990s WWW - http, pages, hyperlinked documents,

domain names

THE INTERNET

Mosaic browser (displayed images inline with text, easier to use) - 1993

THE INTERNET

1990s - increasing popularity and reliance on Internet computer as communications tool

THE INTERNET

search engines, email, chat web applications (databases, maps, simple games) web transactions (e-commerce) the dot-com mania (and the dot-com crash)

THE INTERNET

personal websites up-front investment in the creation of content expert-indexed information “The Read-Only Web”

FROM “WEB 1.0”TO “WEB 2.0”

personal websites blogs up-front investment in the creation of content user-created content expert-indexed information user-organized information/folksonomies “The Read-Write Web”

WEB 2.0(term coined by O'Reilly – not necessarily the best term to

describe the paradigm)

READ/WRITE WEBSOCIAL WEB MEDIA

SOFTWARE AS A SERVICEAND WEB 2.0

SOFTWARE AS A SERVICEAND WEB 2.0

SaaS generally refers to business applicationsWeb 2.0 for consumer/entertainment softwaregaining steam 1999/2000 and oncurrent paradigm

SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE

“web native” (require only the browser software) upgrades and patches are made centrally - no need

for customer to be involved web analytics, email, accounting software, etc.

SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE

Data is secure on a managed server You don't need to own or manage the server Pay a monthly fee instead of buying the software Quick implementation

SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE

Takes control out of your hands How customizable is it? Accessed via Internet – security or loss of

connection become issues

SOFTWARE AS A SERVICE

“Trade secrets, customer lists, and competitive intelligence must be carefully guarded. Violations of regulations and privacy laws are always a concern when data is in the hands of others. Whoever controls the data will be responsible for it and will be held accountable for any data that might be evidence in court cases.”Phil Hippensteel, “Rolling Review: Web 2.0 Tools Demand A Cautious Approach”

http://www.networkcomputing.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=210101739

WEB 2.0

“Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the computer industry caused by the move to the Internet as a platform, and an attempt to understand the rules for success on that new platform.” - Tim O'Reilly

WEB 2.0

not a totally new technical specification a change in how developers make things and how

users interact with the web

WEB 2.0

“Web 2.0 is the business revolution in the computer industry caused by the move to the Internet as a platform, and an attempt to understand the rules for success on that new platform.” - Tim O'Reilly

WEB 2.0

Tim O'Reilly's examplesLevel 3Level 2Level 1Level 0

Source for this section Web 2.0 Wiipedia article

WEB 2.0

* Level-3 applications, the most "Web 2.0"-oriented, exist only on the Internet, deriving their effectiveness from the inter-human connections and from the network effects that Web 2.0 makes possible, and growing in effectiveness in proportion as people make more use of them. O'Reilly gave eBay, Craigslist, Wikipedia, del.icio.us, Skype, dodgeball and AdSense as examples.

WEB 2.0

* Level-2 applications can operate offline but gain advantages from going online. O'Reilly cited Flickr, which benefits from its shared photo-database and from its community-generated tag database.

WEB 2.0

* Level-1 applications operate offline but gain features online. O'Reilly pointed to Writely (now Google Docs & Spreadsheets) and iTunes (because of its music-store portion).

WEB 2.0

* Level-0 applications work as well offline as online. O'Reilly gave the examples of MapQuest, Yahoo! Local, and Google Maps (mapping-applications using contributions from users to advantage could rank as "level 2", like Google Earth).

Non-web applications like email, instant-messaging

clients, and the telephone fall outside the above

hierarchy.

WEB 2.0

Network Effect

The network becomes more valuable/more useful as

more people use it...

WEB 2.0

Network Effect

The network becomes more valuable/more useful as

more people use it...

examples:

telephone system

social networking sites

wikipedia

WEB 2.0

Negative effects of

increased use of a network:

congestion need for improvements to infrastructure vendor lock-in (ex: qwerty keyboard, costs of

leaving a social networking site) network provider complacency

WEB 2.0

USER-GENERATED CONTENT video uploads blog entries status messages photos lists

WEB 2.0

USER-GENERATED CONTENT comments rankings

WEB 2.0

USER-GENERATED CONTENTalso... what you click on who you “friend” what you purchase

WEB 2.0

OTHER INFORMATION YOU GENERATE WHEN USING A SITE: what you don't click on who you don't “friend” when and how often you visit the site usage patterns across multiple sites

WEB 2.0

WEB 2.0

"[the] move from personal websites to blogs and blog site aggregation, from publishing to

participation, from web content as the outcome of large up-front investment to an ongoing and interactive process, and from

content management systems to links based on tagging (folksonomy)"

Terry Flew, 3rd Edition of New Media

WEB 2.0

entertainment 2.0government 2.0education 2.0shopping 2.0

church 2.0dating 2.0civics 2.0travel 2.0family 2.0

memory 2.0

key terms and concepts network effects network effect “The Read-Write Web” “The Read-Only Web” time sharing Software as a Service Web 2.0 Folksonomies

SOURCES

Wikipedia – SaaS

Wikipedia – Web 2.0

Where Wizards Stay Up Late – Hafner & Lyon

Wikipedia – Network Effect

“Beware the Hype for Software as a Service”http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/jul2008/tc20080723_506811.htm

“Rolling Review: Web 2.0 Tools Demand A Cautious

Approach” - Phil Hippensteelhttp://www.networkcomputing.com/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=210101739