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Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston Phytoplankton Dynamics Laboratory [email protected] 1
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Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

May 23, 2020

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Page 1: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Freshwater Bioindicators in

Galveston Bay

Dr. Jamie Steichen and

Dr. Antonietta Quigg

Texas A&M University at Galveston

Phytoplankton Dynamics Laboratory

[email protected]

1

Page 2: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Carla Guthrie (TWDB)

Cammie Schoenbaechler (TWDB)

TSJ-BBASC

Lisa Gonzalez (HARC)

Erin Kinney (HARC)

Jim Tolan (TPWD)

Katie St. Clair (TAMUG)

Rachel Windham (TAMUG)

2

Page 3: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

OBJECTIVES

1. Test the conclusion that the bioindicators reported in TSJ-

BBEST report are appropriate for representing sufficient

freshwater inflow to Galveston bay

2. Consider the addition of new species which were

previously not recognized during the Trinity-San Jacinto

Bays and Basins Expert Science Team (TSJ-BBEST)

process.

3

Page 4: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Higher Salinity Bioindicators:

Lagodon rhomboides

Pinfish

Squilla empusa

Mantis Shrimp

Stramonita haemastoma

Oyster Drill Perkinus marinus

Dermo

FRESHWATER BIOINDICATORS

RECOMMEND BY TSJ-BBEST

Rangia cuneata

Atlantic Rangia

Vallisneria sp.

Wild Celery Ictalurus furcatus

Blue Catfish

Brevoortia patronus

Gulf Menhaden

Lower Salinity Bioindicators:

Background

4

*

Page 5: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

BIOLOGICAL DATA

TPWD – Coastal Fisheries Division –Rockport

- Finfish and Invertebrates

- Bay Trawl and Oyster Dredge

- 1980-2010

Oyster Sentinel

- Dermo

- 1998-2010

Data & Methods

5

Page 6: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

TPWD TCEQ

Temperature (°C) NO3 + NO2 (mg L-1)

Salinity (psu) PO4 (mg L-1)

Dissolved Oxygen (mg L-1) NH3 (mg L-1)

Turbidity (ntu) DIN:P

USGS TWDB

Trinity River (cfs) Total surface Inflow (ac ft s-1)

San Jacinto River (cfs)

ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS Data & Methods

6

Page 7: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

STUDY AREA

• Galveston Bay

– Trinity Bay (TB)

– Upper Galveston Bay (UGB)

– Lower Galveston Bay (LGB)

Data & Methods

7

Water Quality: Average across stations within each sub-bay for

each season within each year

Biological Data: Sum across each bay segment for each season

within each year

Page 8: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

META-ANALYSIS METHODS

• ArcGIS mapping

• Statistical Analyses

– PRIMER-E + PERMANOVA add-on package

• Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCO) – Provided visual representation of data

• Distance Based Linear Model – Calculate the correlation between biotic and abiotic data

Data & Methods

8

Page 9: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

ENVIRONMENTAL DATA 1980-2010

9

Results

Trinity Bay

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (33.7% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2

( 2 1

. 4

%

o f t o

t a

l v a

r i a

t i o

n )

Transform: Log(X+1)

Normalise

Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Season

W

SP

SU

F

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L)

Salinity (psu)

Turb (ntu)

NO3+NO2 (µM)

NH3 (µM)

PO4 (µM)

DIN:DIP

TWDB_SurfIn

Trinity River

San Jacinto River

Page 10: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

ENVIRONMENTAL DATA 1980-2010

10

Results

TB LGB

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 PCO1 (30.1% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 ( 1 7 . 1

% o

f t o

t a l v

a r i a t i o

n )

Transform: Log(X+1)

Normalise

Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Season

W SP SU F

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L) Salinity (psu)

Turb (ntu) NO3+NO2 (µM)

NH3 (µM)

PO4 (µM)

DIN:DIP

TWDB_SurfIn

Trinity River

San Jacinto River

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 PCO1 (33.7% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 ( 2 1 . 4

% o

f t o

t a l v

a r i a t i o

n )

Transform: Log(X+1)

Normalise

Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Season

W SP SU F

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L) Salinity (psu)

Turb (ntu)

NO3+NO2 (µM)

NH3 (µM)

PO4 (µM)

DIN:DIP

TWDB_SurfIn Trinity River

San Jacinto River

UGB

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 PCO1 (30.7% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 ( 1 9 . 1

% o

f t o

t a l v

a r i a t i o

n )

Transform: Log(X+1)

Normalise

Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Season

W SP SU F

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L)

Salinity (psu) Turb (ntu)

NO3+NO2 (µM)

NH3 (µM)

PO4 (µM)

DIN:DIP

TWDB_SurfIn Trinity River

San Jacinto River

Page 11: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

BLUE CATFISH – Ictalurus furcatus

Lower Salinity Bioindicators:

Life History

• Typically can tolerate coastal

waters salinity ≤8

– Not found in salinities >8 for

long

– Can tolerate salinity up to 11-14

(Graham, K. 1999; Perry and Avault 1970)

11

Ictalurus furcatus

Blue Catfish

Results

Page 12: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

BLUE CATFISH (1980-2010) Results

12

TB UGB LGB

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (32% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2

( 1

8 . 9

% o

f t o

t a l v

a r i

a t i

o n

)

Transform: Log(X+1)

Normalise

Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Blue catfish

70

280

490

700 Salinity (PPT)

NH3 (µM)

Trinity River

TWDB_SurfIn

a.) b.) c.)

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (36.6% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2

( 2

0 . 2

% o

f t o

t a l v

a r i

a t i

o n

)

Transform: Log(X+1)

Normalise

Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Salinity (psu)

Turb

NO3+NO2 (µM)

DIN:DIP

Trinity River

San Jacinto River

TWDB_SurfIn

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (31.3% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2

( 1

8 %

o f

t o t a

l v

a r i

a t i o n

)

Transform: Log(X+1)

Normalise

Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Salinity (psu)

PO4 (µM)

Trinity River

San Jacinto River

TWDB_SurfIn

• Higher abundance in Trinity Bay

• Positive correlation with freshwater inflow and nutrients

Page 13: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

TPWD – Bay Trawl

GULF MENHADEN – Brevoortia patronus

Lower Salinity Bioindicators:

Life history • Postlarval and juveniles

– salinities 5-30

• Juveniles

– >50mm move to deeper, higher salinity estuary waters

• Adults

– Near shore: 5-15ppt

– Offshore: ≥30ppt

• Developing adults

– 20-25ppt (can tolerate 0-60ppt)

Brevoortia patronus

Gulf Menhaden

13

Results

Page 14: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

GULF MENHADEN (1980-2010)

14

TB

Results

UGB LGB

• Higher abundance in TB and UGB

• Positive correlation with freshwater inflow, DO, nutrients

Page 15: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

PINFISH – Lagodon rhomboides

Higher Salinity Bioindicators:

• Life History

– Spawning in the fall/winter

GOM

– Adults: ~110mm

• Coastal GOM water depth 30-50’

– Wide salinity tolerance (0-75)

15

Lagodon rhomboides

Pinfish

Results

TPWD – Bay Trawl

Page 16: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

PINFISH (1980-2010)

16

TB

Results

LGB UGB

a.) b.)

c.)

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (36.6% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 ( 2

0 . 2

% o

f t o

t a l v a r i a t i o n )

Transform: Log(X+1) Normalise Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L)

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (31.3% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 ( 1

8 %

o f t o

t a l v a r i a t i o n )

Transform: Log(X+1) Normalise Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

5

20

35

50

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L)

NH3 (µM)

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (32% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 ( 1

8 . 9

% o

f t o

t a l v a r i a t i o n )

Transform: Log(X+1) Normalise Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Pinfish

5

20

35

50

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L)

• Higher abundance in LGB

• Variance explained with temperature and dissolved oxygen

Page 17: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

ATLANTIC RANGIA – Rangia cuneata

Lower Salinity Bioindicators:

Life History

• Spawning events may be triggered by changing salinity

• Larval survival: salinity 2-10

• Rarely found in regions with

salinity >15

17

Rangia cuneata

Atlantic Rangia

Results

TPWD – Bay Trawl

Page 18: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

ATLANTIC RANGIA (1980-2010)

18

TB

Results

UGB LGB

• Higher abundance in TB

• Positive correlation with salinity and DO

Page 19: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

OYSTER DRILL – Stramonita haemastoma floridana

Higher Salinity Bioindicators:

• Oyster drill is a parasite on the oysters

• Limited to salinities >15

(Stickle, 1985)

19

Results

TPWD – Oyster Dredge

Oyster Drill

Stramonita haemastoma

Oyster Drill

Page 20: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Oyster Drill 1980-2010

20

Results

TB UGB LGB

Not present

a.) b.) c.)

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 PCO1 (32% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 ( 1 8 . 9

% o

f t o

t a l v

a r i a t i o

n )

Transform: Log(X+1)

Normalise

Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Stramonita

haemastoma floridana 3

12

21

30

DO (mg/L)

San Jacinto

River

Present but no significant correlations

• Higher abundance in LGB

• Variance explained by San Jacinto River and DO

Page 21: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Dermo – Perkinus marinus 1998-2010

Higher Salinity Bioindicators:

• Dermo (parasite)

– Dermocystidium marinum

syn. Perkinus marinus

– Warmer months

– Sammy Ray’s rule of thumb : “30 and 30” (Sal: 30 and

Temp: 30˚C)

– Typically not in juvenile oysters

21 Ogle, Ray and Wardle, 1977

http://www.vims.edu/_docs/oysters/oyster-diseases-CB.pdf

http://library.enaca.org/Health/FieldGuide/

Results

Page 22: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

22

7-15 Oysters tested

at each sampling event

Dermo – Perkinus marinus 1998-2010

Results

7

6

2

3 4 5

1

Percent Infected

Commercial Size (>3”)

Page 23: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

23

Dermo – Perkinus marinus 1998-2010

Results

• Strong positive correlation with salinity and

percent of commercial size oysters infected with

Dermo

Page 24: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Rangia cuneata

Atlantic Rangia

Vallisneria sp.

Wild Celery Ictalurus furcatus

Blue Catfish

Brevoortia patronus

Gulf Menhaden

Lower Salinity Bioindicators:

24

*

Higher Salinity Bioindicators:

Lagodon rhomboides

Pinfish

Squilla empusa

Mantis Shrimp

Stramonita haemastoma

Oyster Drill Perkinus marinus

Oyster Dermo

?

x

Results

?

Potential Low Salinity Bioindicators:

TPWD

Micropogonias undulatus

Atlantic croaker

TPWD

Paralichthys lethostigma

Southern Flounder Cynoscion nebulosus

Spotted Seatrout

TPWD

Page 25: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Questions??

Page 26: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Extra Slides

26

Page 27: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

OVERVIEW

• Background

– Freshwater Bioindicators

• Meta-analysis

– Data sources

– ArcGIS mapping

– Statistical methods

• Results

• Future Directions

Outline

27

http://landsat.usgs.gov/gallery.php

Page 28: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

ENVIRONMENTAL FLOWS FRAMEWORK

80th Texas Legislature (2007) established the Senate

Bill 3 (2007) intended to answer 3 major questions:

1. How much water is needed to sustain a sound ecological environment in the state's rivers and estuaries?

2. How can this water be protected?

3. What is the appropriate balance between water needed to sustain a sound ecological environment and water needed for human or other uses?

Final word

28

Page 29: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

BIOINDICATORS OF FRESHWATER INFLOW Background

29

Page 30: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

SAMPLE LOCATIONS

1980-2010

Data & Methods

30

Averaged across stations within each sub-bay for each season within

each year

= 124 data points per sub-bay

TB UGB LGB

Winter (W) 892 829 595

Spring (SP) 1295 1081 841

Sumer (SU) 1212 998 683

Fall (F) 1224 1148 741

N = 4623 4055 2859

Page 31: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

SAMPLE LOCATIONS Data & Methods

31

Averaged stations in each sub-bay for each season within each year

= 124 data points per sub-bay

1980-2010

W SP SU F

TB x UGB 0.0049 0.0211 0.0001 0.0231

TB x LGB 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.2591

UGB x LGB 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0095

PERMANOVA results for a sub-bay comparison across

seasons based on all environmental parameters p (perm)

calculated from 9999 permutations

Page 32: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Historical Trinity River Flow Rate Future Direction

32

*

1969 – Lake Livingston Dam built

R² = 0.0013

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

19

24

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28

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29

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31

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51

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01

20

03

20

05

20

06

20

08

20

10

20

12

20

14

Trinity River Discharge (ft3s1) USGS Romayor TX 08066500

Page 33: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Historical Trinity River Flow Rate Future Direction

33

*

1969 – Lake Livingston Dam built

R² = 0.0054

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Annual Trinity River Discharge (ft3s1) USGS Romayor TX 08066500

Page 34: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

PERMANOVA - Results Future Direction

34

Groups p (perm) Unique perms

W x SP 0.0001 9938

W x SU 0.0001 9947

W x F 0.0001 9930

SP x SU 0.0001 9945

SP x F 0.0001 9937

SU x F 0.0001 9934

UGB Between Season Test

Groups p (perm) Unique perms

W x SP 0.0001 9942

W x SU 0.0001 9944

W x F 0.0001 9938

SP x SU 0.0001 9946

SP x F 0.0002 9926

SU x F 0.0009 9930

LGB Between Season Test

TB Between Season Test

Groups p (perm) Unique perms

W x SP 0.0001 9946

W x SU 0.0001 9940

W x F 0.0001 9939

SP x SU 0.0001 9929

SP x F 0.0001 9957

SU x F 0.0001 9946

Page 35: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

0.5m wide x 0.24m high x

1m long

Bay Trawl

FWBI Distribution in Galveston Bay Data & Methods

35

Bag Seine Oyster Dredge

1980-2010

• Relative percent abundance – TPWD gear types

Field images: http://tpwd.texas.gov/

- 6m wide; mesh 38mm

- 3mph for 10 min

- 18.3m long x 1.8m deep

- mesh 13mm

- Walk 50’

Page 36: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Wild Celery – Vallisneria americana

Lower Salinity Bioindicators:

Life history

• Germination and establishment

(spring)

requires salinity <5

• Adults can tolerate salinities <15

• Surveying has been conducted in

Galveston Bay since 2011

Results

36

Vallisneria americana

Wild Celery

Page 37: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Wild Celery – Vallisneria americana

Lower Salinity Bioindicators:

• Recently observed in Trinity River

Delta!!

Results

37

Vallisneria sp.

Wild Celery

Photo credit: Scott Alford

Page 38: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Blue Catfish

Distribution 1980-2010

38

TPWD – Bag Seine TPWD – Bay Trawl

Results

Page 39: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Blue Catfish

39

Results

Variable SS(trace) Pseudo-F P Prop.

Salinity (PPT) 9017.7 33.234 0.0001 0.21409

PO4 (µM) 1392.4 4.1709 0.0389 3.31E-02

TR_disch (cfs) 5723.8 19.185 0.0001 0.13589

SJR_disch (cfs) 3264.1 10.248 0.0009 7.75E-02

Variable SS(trace) Pseudo-F P Prop.

Salinity (PPT) 5355.8 27.161 0.0001 0.18209

NO3+NO2 (µM) 2267.4 10.191 0.0021 7.71E-02

TR_discharge 4502.9 22.054 0.0001 0.1531

SJR_discharge 2885.5 13.271 0.0002 9.81E-02

DistLM Results (9999 permutations)

Variable SS(trace) Pseudo-F P Prop.

Salinity 63329 72.641 0.0001 3.73E-01

Turb (nfu) 5248.9 3.8942 0.0369 3.09E-02

NO3+NO2 (µM) 30717 26.966 0.0001 1.81E-01

N:P 4667.4 3.4506 0.0481 2.75E-02

TR_disch (cfs) 41573 39.589 0.0001 2.45E-01

SJR_disch (cfs) 22703 1.88E+01 0.0001 1.34E-01

TB

UGB

LGB

DistLM Marginal Test Results

Page 40: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Blue Catfish Results

40

1980-2010

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Riv

er D

isch

arg

e (c

fs)

Ab

un

dan

ce

Year

Trinity Bay - Blue Catfish Winter

Spring

Summer

Fall

River discharge

Page 41: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Gulf Menhaden 1980-2010

41

TPWD – Bag Seine TPWD – Bay Trawl

Results

Page 42: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Gulf Menhaden 1980-2010

42

DistLM Marginal Test Results

Results

Variable SS(trace) Pseudo-F P Prop.

DO (mg/L) 4035.4 6.2193 0.0061 4.85E-02

NO3+NO2 (µM)2318.8 3.4979 0.0361 2.79E-02

PO4 (µM) 6470.5 10.289 0.0004 7.78E-02

N:P 5391.9 8.4549 0.0015 6.48E-02

Variable SS(trace) Pseudo-F P Prop.

DO (mg/L) 4035.4 6.2193 0.0061 4.85E-02

NO3+NO2 (µM)2318.8 3.4979 0.0361 2.79E-02

PO4 (µM) 6470.5 10.289 0.0004 7.78E-02

N:P 5391.9 8.4549 0.0015 6.48E-02

Variable SS(trace) Pseudo-F P Prop.

Temp (°C) 9119.3 13.482 0.0001 9.95E-02

DO (mg/L) 2796.6 3.8401 0.0305 3.05E-02

Salinity (PPT) 7501.1 10.876 0.0003 8.19E-02

NO3+NO2 (µM)4262.8 5.9517 0.0057 4.65E-02

PO4 (µM) 16733 27.252 0.0001 0.18259

N:P 10647 16.037 0.0001 0.11618

TR_discharge 5665.2 8.0389 0.0018 6.18E-02

SJR_discharge5256.1 7.4229 0.002 5.74E-02

Bay Trawl Bag Seine

Variable SS(trace)Pseudo-F P Prop.

Temp (°C) 13829 7.9035 0.0006 6.08E-02

DO (mg/L) 15430 8.885 0.0004 6.79E-02

Salinity (PPT)11142 6.2887 0.0031 4.90E-02

NH3 (µM) 13888 7.9393 0.0009 6.11E-02

Variable SS(trace)Pseudo-F P Prop.

Temp (°C) 5052.9 3.4488 0.0374 2.75E-02

DO (mg/L) 6759.3 4.6579 0.0153 3.68E-02

Variable SS(trace)Pseudo-F P Prop.

DO (mg/L) 7062 4.2814 0.019 3.39E-02

Salinity (PPT)11280 6.985 0.0025 5.42E-02

NO3+NO2 (µM)4648.5 2.7848 0.0631 2.23E-02

Page 43: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Pinfish 1980-2010

43

TPWD – Bag Seine TPWD – Bay Trawl

Results

Page 44: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Pinfish 1980-2010

44

TPWD – Bay Trawl

Results

Variable SS(trace) Pseudo-F P Prop.

DO (mg/L) 3476.2 9.6295 0.0016 7.32E-02

Variable SS(trace) Pseudo-F P Prop.

Temp (°C) 1568 5.0336 0.0252 3.96E-02

DO (mg/L) 1464 4.6869 0.0307 3.70E-02

Salinity (PPT) 1250.1 3.9799 0.0443 3.16E-02

Variable SS(trace) Pseudo-F P Prop.

Temp (°C) 1801.7 2.6534 0.0948 2.13E-02

DO (mg/L) 4382.5 6.662 0.0068 5.18E-02

Page 45: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Atlantic Rangia – Rangia cuneata

45

Results

TPWD – Oyster Dredge TPWD – Bay Trawl

Page 46: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Oysters Life history:

– Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) can tolerate salinity:10-28

– Larvae need salinity >6 to settle

– Adults can tolerate salinity ≤35

Commercial size : ≥ 3”

Juveniles: < 3”

46

Results

Cannot be used as a bioindicator

themselves but! the parasites and

diseases on them are a viable option

http://galvbay.org/

Page 47: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Oyster Drill 1980-2010

47

TPWD – Bay Trawl TPWD – Oyster Dredge

Results

Page 48: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Oyster Drill 1980-2010

48

Results

TB UGB LGB

Page 49: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Oyster Drill 1980-2010

49

Results

Variable SS(trace) Pseudo-F P Prop.

DO (mg/L) 3804.7 7.411 0.0051 5.73E-02

Turb 2671.6 5.1115 0.0237 4.02E-02

SJR_discharge2261.2 4.2986 0.0359 3.40E-02

TPWD – Oyster Dredge

Page 50: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Marine Phytoplankton

Phytoplankton Preferred Increased

Group Conditions Abundance

Cyanobacteria ↑ Temp Summer

Dinoflagellates ↑ Temp ↑ Salinity Spring/Fall

Diatoms ↑ ↓ Temp ↑ ↓ Salinity Spring/Fall

Chlorophytes ↓ Temp

Cyanobacteria = ↑ at mouth of Trinity and San Jacinto Rvs

Diatoms/Dinoflagellates = ↑ southern sections of GB

Chlorophytes = Fairly consistent across GB and seasons

Background

50

Page 51: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Marine Phytoplankton

Background

51

Karenia brevis

Diatoms

Cyanobacteria

Green Algae

Dinoflagellates

Page 52: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Marine Phytoplankton

Future Direction

52

Diatoms

Dominant across TB/UGB/LGB

High concentration

Dinoflagellates

Across GB

Chlorophytes

Fairly consistent across GB

Relatively low concentrations

Cryptophytes

Higher salinity

Cyanobacteria

Higher Salinity

Page 53: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

53

Phytoplankton pigments 2008-2013

Results

Page 54: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Atlantic croaker - Micropogonias undulatus

Life History

-Prefer estuaries and bays through the spring and summer

- travel offshore in the fall to breed and spawn (>30psu)

- Can tolerate wide range of salinities

- Prefer moderate salinities (2-20psu)

https://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/species/croaker/; Sink, T. 2011

Results

54

TPWD

Page 55: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

55

Other Potential Freshwater Bioindicators

Results

Atlantic Croaker a.) b.) c.)

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 PCO1 (36.6% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C O

2 ( 2 0 . 2

% o f t o

t a l v

a r i a

t i o n )

Transform: Log(X+1) Normalise Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L)

Salinity (psu)

Turb

NO3+NO2 (µM)

PO4 (µM)

DIN:DIP

Trinity River

San Jacinto River

TWDB_SurfIn

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (31.3% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 (

1 8 %

o f t o

t a l v a r i a t i o n )

Transform: Log(X+1) Normalise Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L) Salinity (psu)

Turb

NO3+NO2 (µM)

PO4 (µM)

DIN:DIP

Trinity River

San Jacinto River

TWDB_SurfIn

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (32% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 (

1 8 . 9

% o

f t o

t a l v a r i a t i o n )

Transform: Log(X+1) Normalise Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Atlantic croaker

200

800

1.4E3

2E3

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L)

Salinity (psu)

Trinity River

San Jacinto River

Page 56: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Southern Flounder - Paralichthys lethostigma

Life History

- Leave the bay to spawn in Gulf

- Inhabit waters with salinities of 0-30 psu

- As they grow then move further inland

some even into coastal rivers

Results

56

TPWD

Page 57: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

57

Other Potential Freshwater Bioindicators

Results

Southern Flounder

a.) b.) c.)

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (36.6% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2

( 2

0 . 2

% o

f t o

t a l v

a r i

a t i

o n

)

Transform: Log(X+1)

Normalise

Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L)

Salinity (psu)

NO3+NO2 (µM)

Trinity River

TWDB_SurfIn

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (31.3% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2

( 1

8 %

o f

t o t a

l v

a r i

a t i

o n

)

Transform: Log(X+1)

Normalise

Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Salinity (psu)

Trinity River

TWDB_SurfIn

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6

PCO1 (32% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2

( 1

8 . 9

% o

f t o

t a l

v a r i

a t i

o n

)

Transform: Log(X+1)

Normalise

Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Southern flounder

2

8

14

20

Salinity (psu) Trinity River

San Jacinto River TWDB_SurfIn

Page 58: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

Spotted Seatrout - Cynoscion nebulosus Results

58

Life History

-Most common in the shallow bays during spring and summer

-As temperatures decline during fall move into deeper bay waters and the Gulf of Mexico

- Tolerate a wide range of salinities

- Spawn in salinities of 17-35 psu

TPWD; www.lsu.edu/seagrantfish/biological/drum/spottedseatrout.htm;

TPWD

Page 59: Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay · Freshwater Bioindicators in Galveston Bay Dr. Jamie Steichen and Dr. Antonietta Quigg Texas A&M University at Galveston ... (PPT) 700

59

Results

Spotted Seatrout

a.) b.) c.)

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 PCO1 (36.6% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 (

2 0 . 2

% o

f t o

t a l v a r i a t i o n )

Transform: Log(X+1) Normalise Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Temp (°C)

NO3+NO2 (µM)

PO4 (µM)

DIN:DIP

San Jacinto River

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 PCO1 (31.3% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 (

1 8 %

o f t o

t a l v a r i a t i o n )

Transform: Log(X+1) Normalise Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L) NO3+NO2 (µM)

PO4 (µM)

Trinity River

San Jacinto River

-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 PCO1 (32% of total variation)

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

P C

O 2 (

1 8 . 9

% o

f t o

t a l v a r i a t i o n )

Transform: Log(X+1) Normalise Resemblance: D1 Euclidean distance

Spotted seatrout

1

4

7

10

Temp (°C)

DO (mg/L)

Trinity River

San Jacinto River TWDB_SurfIn

Spotted Seatrout - Cynoscion nebulosus