1 Frank Visco - Biology Email: [email protected](preferred over phone messages) Phone: 714-432-0202 ext. 22740 Office hours: by appointment only Web site: http://occonline.occ.cccd.edu/online/fv isco or through OCC web site – www.occ.cccd.edu Includes all images used in lecture Copy this page 1
1. Frank Visco - Biology Email: [email protected] (preferred over phone messages) Phone: 714-432-0202 ext. 22740 Office hours: by appointment only Web site: http://occonline.occ.cccd.edu/online/fvisco or through OCC web site – www.occ.cccd.edu - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Attendance really does count for borderline grades
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This signifies item important for test purposes
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Instructor Frank Visco
N.S. 100 Fall 2008
Tues. Thurs Tues Thurs Tues Thurs Tue Thurs Tues
LAST NAME FIRST NAME Oct. 7 Oct. 9 Oct. 14 Oct. 16 Oct. 21 Oct. 23 Oct. 28 Oct. 30 Nov. 4
Aceves Salvador
Alonzo Sarah
Anari Shiva
Atkins Celeste
Aytekin Selcuk
Barnes Chase
Bell Tiffany
Benjamin Royale
Bowlin Bradley
Brittell Elizabeth
Burgos Gabriel
Chadwick Kaylee
Conroy Brian
Davis Julian
Dilly Matthew
2b
Tues.
LAST NAME FIRST NAME Oct. 7
Aceves Salvador SA
Alonzo Sarah SA
Anari Shiva SA
Atkins Celeste
Aytekin Selcuk SA
4
In this section (biology):Characteristics of Life Cell Theory
Chemistry of Life Midterm 3 (30 points; each question worth ¾ points)
Cell structure and function DNA structure and function
Viruses Biotechnology
Bioenergetics Midterm 4 (30 points; each question worth ¾ points)
Cell Division Gametogenesis Mendelian Genetics
Evolution Origin of Life Kingdoms of Life Ecological Concepts and concerns (tested on course Final)
Midterm 5 (30 points; each question worth ¾ points - including Final)
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Life – A complex physical state and complex series of chemical reactions with these characteristics
-Acquisition and use of energy
-Reproduction
-Growth and development
-Response to stimuli
-Adapt to changing environment
-Highly organized
-homeostasis
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-Acquisition and use of energy
-Reproduction
-Growth and development
-Ability to respond to stimuli
-Adapt to changing environment
-High degree of organization
-homeostasis
Morphogenesis of the caterpillar into a pupa and then into the butterfly is an example of growth and development.
-Acquisition and use of energy
-Reproduction
-Growth and development
-Ability to respond to stimuli
-Adapt to changing environment
-High degree of organization
-homeostasis
Caterpillar
Pupa
Butterfly
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Brain
Kidney
Liver
Heart
Lung
Stem cell can become any of 220 cell types
Stem cells - building blocks of all tissues
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-Acquisition and use of energy
-Reproduction
-Growth and development
-Ability to respond to stimuli
-Adapt to changing environment
-High degree of organization
-homeostasis
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Brain Neurons can be derived from human embryonic stem cells.
Embryonic Stem Cells are an example of growth and development
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Cell Theory - 4 components:
1. Cell is smallest unit of life
2. All cells derived from previously existing cells
3. All cells show basic similarities in their chemical make-up and metabolic
activities
4. An organism (like a rabbit) is sum of all of the individual cells composing
organism
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1. Red Blood cells are an example of the smallest unit of life
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2. All cells are derived from previously existing cells – that is cells do not arise spontaneously from non-cells, instead cells come only from other cells by cell division.
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No
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Experiments to create life (cells) from non-life have not been successful
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Blue Print #1
Blue Print #2
3. All cells have same basic chemical structure and chemical reactions.
Ions and water play an important role in the metabolism (chemical reactions) of plants and all other forms of life. Many ions enter through the roots.
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Diagram from Biology by Solomon et al, 5th ed.
Ions attached to soil particles make their way into root cell.
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Why is water so important to life?
1. It is the solvent in which all life’s molecules are dissolved
2. It is the medium in which all life’s processes occur
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Why does ice float? Why is this important?
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Ice floats because ice is less dense than is liquid water. 160
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Hydrophilic (water loving) compounds attracted to water (sugar, salt)
Hydrophobic (water hating) compounds not attracted to water (oil, fat)
Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic compounds
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Water has a high specific heat which allows it to buffer temperature extremes
Moderate temperature changes Extreme temperature changes
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Specific Heat
Defined: The specific heat of a substance is defined as the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1º C.
The specific heat of water is 1.00 cal/g/ºC. Specific heat for ethanol is 0.6 cal/g/ºC.
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Acids and Bases
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pH Scale
(measures amount of H+)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Acid increases Neutrality base increases
Acid Base
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pH Scale
(measures amount of H+)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Increasing H+ (Hydrogen ion concentration) = increasing acid
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What is an acid? pH?
Acid – gives up Hydrogen (H+) ions.
pH - scale used to measure H+ (acid).
pH scale = 0 – 14, lower numbers = more H+.
pH of 0 is considered most acidic
pH of 14 - least acidic
HCl (acid) + H2O H+ (acid) + Cl- + H2O
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pH 0
pH 1
pH 3
pH 4 pH 7
pH 10
pH 11pH 13
pH 5
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Stomach acid
Body Fluids
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Buffer1000 H+ (acid) ions
100 H+ acid ions
900 H+ ions held by buffer
Hydrochloric acid
Buffer – solution that maintains pH
pH before acid = 7
pH after acid = 7
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72Reproduced by permission of JLM Visuals
Dead trees caused by acid rain in Great Smokey Mountains