Four Interesting Topics for the Veterinary Practitioner Otitis externa, Otitis media, Craniomandibular Osteopathy and Equine Wobblers Syndrome By : Anabel Holt, AVC 2011 http://www.askspikeonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/adult-westie1.jpg http://www.petergray.org.uk/pictures/horse1.jpg
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Four Interesting Topics for the Veterinary Practitioner Otitis externa, Otitis media, Craniomandibular Osteopathy and Equine Wobblers Syndrome By : Anabel.
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Four Interesting Topics for the Veterinary Practitioner
Otitis ExternaAcute or chronic inflammation of the external ear canal more commonly seen in dogs than cats
• Common causes include parasites, hypersensitivity reactions, foreign bodies, obstructions, and autoimmune diseases
• Perpetuating factors include, but are not limited to, bacterial overgrowth/ infections, yeast overgrowth/ infections, canal hypertrophy, cerumen gland hyperplasia and adenitis
• Head shaking, rubbing, scratching, discharge from the external ear canal, aural erythema, alopecia of the ear pinnae, hyperplasia of the ear canal wall, hearing deficits and possibily generalized skin disease
• Chronic/End Stage Otitis externa: Calcification of auricular cartilage
The Different Types of Aural Discharge and their Causes:
•Slowly progressive ataxia and weakness of the limbs, with the hind limbs more affected•Signs may appear acutely or worsen after trauma•UMN/LMN signs are seen•Knuckling of the fetlocks, toe dragging, tripod stance, circumduction of hind limbs when circled tightly, reluctance to back, proprioceptive deficits, weak sway response, OCD and DJD are often seen in conjunction with these syndromes (vertebrae, articular facets, multiple joints)
Differential Diagnoses
1. Cervical Fractures
2. Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis
3. Equine Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy
4. EVH-1
5. Intervertebral Disk Protrusion
6. Space Occupying Mass
Diagnostics
• Radiographs • Tentative Diagnosis: Narrowing of the cervical canal, DJD of the facet joints,
malalignment of vertebrae (evidence of malalignment include: metaphyseal and epiphyseal flaring, uneven lengths of the vertebral body and dorsal lamina, malformation and OCD of the articular facets)
1. Must be lateral
2. Can measure stenosis: Measure width of the cranial vertebral orifice and of the widest portion of the epiphysis of the cranial vertebral body. Divide the width of the orifice by the width of the body
• Normal ratios: C2-C6: greater than 0.56, C7: greater than 0.58• ratios less than this indicate stenosis