Format Of Synopsis

FORMAT OF FORMAT OF SYNOPSISSYNOPSIS

A brief Discussion on the A brief Discussion on the components of FCPS components of FCPS

synopsis writingsynopsis writing

BEFORE STARTINGBEFORE STARTING• Before starting to work on

Dissertation/Article, the FCPS trainee has to send a Synopsis to RTMC and get it approved.

• The synopsis is a brief out line (about four A-4 size pages or 1000 words is the maximum limit) of your future work

SYNOPSIS HEADINGSSYNOPSIS HEADINGS• A synopsis must have the following

headings:• TITLE• INTRODUCTION• OBJECTIVES• OPERATIONAL DEFINITION• HYPOTHESIS• MATERIAL AND METHODS

TITLETITLE• Should reflect the objectives of the study. • It must be written after the whole synopsis

has been written so that it is a true representative of the plan……

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION• Should contain brief background of

the selected topic. • It must identify the importance of

study, its relevance and applicability of results.

• It must clearly state the purpose of the study.

RATIONALE/ SIGNIFICANCE/ RATIONALE/ SIGNIFICANCE/ NEED STATEMENTNEED STATEMENT

• It must identify the importance of study, its relevance and applicability of results.

• It must clearly state the purpose of the study.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES• Objectives are statements of

mentions. They inform the reader clearly what the researcher plans to do in his/her work.

• The must identify the variables involved in research.

• Objective should start with an action verb and be sufficiently specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time bound (SMART).

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

SMARTSMART

TIME BOUND

RELEVANT ACHIEVABLE

MEASURABLE

SUFFICIENTLY SPECIFIC

SMART

OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONOPERATIONAL DEFINITION• May be required in some synopses. • It is definition of a term specifically

telling how it will be measured for e.g.:• Morbidity: this encompass a number of

aspects viz. prolonged hospital stay, severe pain, immediate complications, long term sequelae.

• A research must define how a vague term will be measured.

EfficacyEfficacy• Efficacy: These can by measured

– i. Time taken in relieve of symptoms which may be pain, fever cough heartburn etc.

– ii. Taking into account number of side effects.

– iii. Time taken for complete recovery student is requirement to specify how he/she will measure efficacy.

HYPOTHESISHYPOTHESIS• A hypothesis is a statement showing

expected relation b/w 2 variables. A hypothesis is needed in the following study designs:– All interventional studies– Cohort– Case control– Comparative cross sectional.

STUDY DESIGNSTUDY DESIGN• Mention the name of the appropriate

study design.

SETTINGSETTING• Name and place where the research

work is to be conducted

DURATION OF STUDYDURATION OF STUDY• How long will the study take with

dates

SAMPLE SIZESAMPLE SIZE• How many patients will be included.

If there are groups how many per group?

• You need a statistician for this work

SAMPLING TECHNIQUESAMPLING TECHNIQUE• Type of sampling technique employed

– Sampling is that part of statistical practice concerned with the selection of individual observations intended to yield some knowledge about a population of concern, especially for the purposes of statistical inference.

TWO REASONSTWO REASONS• Researchers rarely survey the entire

population for two reasons: – The cost is too high and

– The population is dynamic, i.e., the

component of population could change

over time.

THREE MAIN ADVANTAGESTHREE MAIN ADVANTAGES• There are three main advantages of

sampling: – The cost is lower– Data collection is faster– It is possible to ensure homogeneity and

to improve the accuracy and quality of the data because the data

OBSERVATIONOBSERVATION• Each observation measures one or more

properties (weight, location, etc.) of an observable entity enumerated to distinguish objects or individuals.

• Survey weights often need to be applied to the data to adjust for the sample design.

• Results from probability theory and statistical theory are employed to guide practice.

• In business, sampling is widely used for gathering information about a population.

SAMPLE SELECTIONSAMPLE SELECTION

• Inclusion criteria: on what bases will

patients be inducted in the study.

• Exclusion criteria: On what bases will

patients be excluded from the study.

DATA COLLECTION DATA COLLECTION PROCEDUREPROCEDURE

• A detailed account of how the researcher will perform research;

• How s/he will measure the variable. • It includes:

– Identification of the study variables – Methods for collection of data – Data collection tools (Performa/questionnaire)

DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDUREDATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURE• Relevant details naming software to

be used, which descriptive statistics and which test of significance if and when required, specifying variables where it will be applied.

REFERENCESREFERENCES• In Vancouver style (for detail refer to

page 132).

DATA COLLECTION DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTINSTRUMENT

PROFORMA OR PROFORMA OR QUESTIONNAIREQUESTIONNAIRE

• The researcher must attach, as an annex, the proforma or questionnaire with the help of which he/she intends to collect data.

• The proforma/ questionnaire must match the objectives and must not contain irrelevant sections like inclusion and exclusion criteria etc.