Fires, haze and landscape (CIFOR workshop)

FOREST FIRE in INDONESIA: REVIEW AND EFFORTS (based on Riau Case)

By:Director of Forest Fire ControlDG. Forest Protection and Nature Conservation, MoF

Workshop on Fire, Haze and LandscapeBorobudur Hotel, Jakarta. January 29, 2014.

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OVERVIEW

• Forest fire occurs every years, repeatedly.

• First El Nino period (1982-1983) reported as a trigger the biggest forest fire occurence in East Kalimantan: 3,6 million ha burnt area.

• Burnt area (approx.):– 1987: 0.3 million Ha– 1991: > 0.5 million Ha– 1994: ~ 5 million Ha– 1997/1998: > 5 million Ha

(Source: UNDP, 1998)

FACTS

• Periodically, big fires occure every 5 to 15 years starting from 1982/83, 85/86, 1991, 1994, 1997/1998, 2002/2003, and 2012

• Total burnt area 1997/1998: 11,7 million Ha (Bappenas-ADB, 1999).

• Peatland forest fire occurred in 1997/1998 emit 156.3 million tons of carbon (Tacconi, 2003).

• Almost 99 % forest and land fire caused by human activities (including: land preparation).

• Peat-land become a new issues in terms of forest fire and climate change.

• Riau has the largest area of peat-land in Sumatera (± 4 million Ha).• President of Republic Indonesia has committed to reduce the

carbon emission up to 26 % in the 2020

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• Provincial Spatial Plan (RTRWP) has not been defined.• Slash and Burn agriculture (cheap, quick, easy).• Mostly, land tenure occupied by corporation

(plantation forest and oil-palm plantation). • Peat-land area: 4 million Ha.• Lack of law enforcement.• High population growth.

Condition

Function Area (Ha) Percentage (%)Protected Forest 208.910 2,31Conservation Forest 628.638 6,96Production Forest 4.590.698 50,80Non Forest 3.489.331 38,61Mangrove 119.260 1,32

Total 9.036.835 100

Forest Area by Function in Riau Province

Source: Riau Forestry Services , 2013.DG. Planology, MoF, 2013.

First Season: February – March(North/South Sumatra, Riau, Jambi)

Second Season: June - September (Whole of Sumatera and Kalimantan)

Fire and Haze Season in Indonesia

Peat land Fire Region – Open Burning Practices

Ground Wildfire Region

Fire Pattern in Indonesia

INDICATORS

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1. The hotspot numbers on Island of Kalimantan, Sumatra and Sulawesi are decreased until 20% per-year compared with average number of hotspots in 2005-2009 (58.890 hotspots).

2. The burnt forest areas are reduced until 50% in 5 years compared to average condition in 2005-2009 (12,300 Ha).

3. The capacity building of the government institution and community in 30 operational areas (10 Provinces).

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS

HOTSPOTS REDUCTION TARGET

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Hotspots Average 2005-2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

58.89020% 36% 48,8% 59,2% 67,2

47.112 37.690 30.152 24.027 19.316Hotspots were

counted 9.382 25.922 32.323 19.353 ?

Source: NOAA18

Jan-Jan Jan-Feb Jan-Mar Jan-Apr Jan-Mei Jan-Juni Jan-Juli Jan-Agust Jan-Sept Jan-Okt Jan-Nov Jan-Des

2010 243 800 1363 1601 2020 2392 2784 4105 5966 8749 9413 9880

2011 384 1258 1780 2625 3738 5757 9498 18707 25979 27763 28249 28474

2012 996 1675 2821 3812 4852 9050 12587 21028 31171 34216 34598 34789

2013 519 1153 2771 3318 4206 7066 8852 12859 16130 18874 19211 19353

2500

7500

12500

17500

22500

27500

32500

37500

HOTSPOT IN INDONESIA (2010, 2011, 2012, 2013)

Jan Feb Mar Apr Mei Juni Juli Agust Sept Okt Nov Des

2010 ( 9.880 hotspot) 243 557 563 238 419 372 392 1321 1861 2783 664 467

2011 ( 28.474 hotspot) 384 874 522 845 1113 2019 3741 9209 7272 1784 486 225

2012 ( 34.789 hotspot) 996 679 1146 991 1040 4198 3537 8441 10143 3045 382 191

2013 ( 19.353 hotspot) 519 634 1618 547 888 2860 1786 4007 3271 2744 337 142

1,000

3,000

5,000

7,000

9,000

11,000

TREND OF HOTSPOT BY MONTHLY IN INDONESIA (2010, 2011, 2012, 2013)

Jum

lah

Hot

spot

Hotspot in Riau Province based on Land Use

Land UseYear

2010 2011 2012 2013

Conservation Area 49 50 232 262

Natural Forest (IUPHHK-HA)

90 181 294 244

Planted Forest(IUPHHK-HT)

395 819 1.059 1.077

Protected Forest 47 126 271 234Plantation 121 263 337 417

Land/Others use 1.005 2.097 2.493 2.948JUMLAH 1.707 3.536 4.686 5.182

Source: MoF

Hotspot per Regency (Kabupaten) in Riau 2010-2013

BENGKALIS

DUMAI

INDRAGIRI HILIR

INDRAGIRI HULU

KAMPAR

KEPULAUAN MERANTI

KOTA PEKANBARU

KUANTAN SINGINGI

PELALAWAN

ROKAN HILIR

ROKAN HULU

SIAK

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

2013201220112010

EFFORTS

PREVENTION

1. Conduct a consolidation, socialization, counseling, and inspection up to local area.

2. Socialisation of Presidential Instruction Number 16/2011 concerning Forest and Land Fire Control Improvement.

3. Dissemination of Fire Danger Rating System (FDRS).4. Community Involvement/Empowering Program through

Conservation Village Model, Providing Local Fire Leaders (MPA).

5. Implementation of Zero Burning.6. Routine patrolling by the Manggala Agni, stakeholder, and

Local Fire Leaders.7. Fire Risk Reduction through the development fire break,

green belt, fuel management

EARLY WARNING, DETECTION AND SUPPRESSION

1. Actived National FDRS by BMKG 2. Routine Inspection to Local Fire Center/DAOPS3. Daily Hotspot Monitoring and Dissemination (more than

1.000 members of SiPongi Mailing List: government, provincial and regency, NGO, other stakeholders )

4. Ground-check by Forest Fire Brigade of Manggala Agni and other related fire fighters.

5. Dispaching Manggala Agni to fire prone based on FDRS; conduct initial-attack.

6. Conducting aerial suppression.7. Technical assistance for fire suppression.8. Mobilization plan.

Fire Danger Rating System

Ministry of Forestry has built Manggala Agni Fire Brigade in 10 provinces (33 Local Fire Center):

1. North Sumatera : 12 groups 2. Riau and Riau Island : 16 groups 3. Jambi : 14 groups 4. South Sumatera : 16 groups 5. West Kalimantan : 16 groups 6. Central Kalimantan : 14 groups 7. South Kalimantan : 12 groups 8. East Kalimantan : 4 groups 9 South Sulawesi : 8 groups 10 North Sulawesi : 2 groups Total : 117 groups

= 1.755 personnels

MANGGALA AGNI FIRE BRIGADE

Manggala Agni in action: fire suppression, capacity building, cooperation with TNI

Manggala Agni’s head quarter in West Kalimantan Province

NEED FOLLOW UP

Awareness increasement for forest and land fire management, and budget allocation planning (APBD, APBN).

Implementation of President Instruction Number 16 Year 2011 describe on local regulation.

Local Unit (SKPD) establishment which especially handle on forest and land fire in regency/province which equipped by human resources, infrastructures, and adequate budget.

Law enforcement. Engagement of local fire leaders (MPA) Adequate forest fire controls infrastructures requirement for

timber company and plantation. Forest fire control infrastructures enhancement.

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THANK YOU