Top Banner
Cover Page Cover Page Philippines Sheila Teel Robinson Lest 812 Dr. Alexander Erwin Dr. Forest Toms North Carolina A&T State University
36

Filipino Americans A

Nov 01, 2014

Download

Documents

Sheila Robinson

History of Filipinos migration to America, current stats
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: Filipino Americans A

Cover PageCover PagePhilippinesSheila Teel Robinson

Lest 812Dr. Alexander Erwin

Dr. Forest TomsNorth Carolina A&T State

University

Page 2: Filipino Americans A

Agenda

Overview and Origin Major Cultural Characteristics Epoch of Immigration

Major Contributors And Contributions Cultural Identity

Customs-Norms-Values Gender Perceptions

Socioeconomic and Political Status Heritage/Historical Major Religion

Language and Literature Reflection Significant Observations

Page 3: Filipino Americans A

OverviewOverviewFilipinos In America Filipinos In America

Filipino AmericansFilipino Americans are Americans of are Americans of PhilippinePhilippine ancestry, which trace back to the ancestry, which trace back to the PhilippinesPhilippines, an , an archipelago archipelago Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia

The Filipino American (The Filipino American (Fil-AmFil-Am for short) community is for short) community is the second largest the second largest Asian AmericanAsian American subgroup the largest subgroup the largest Southeast Asian AmericanSoutheast Asian American group. Filipino Americans group. Filipino Americans are also the largest subgroup of the are also the largest subgroup of the Overseas FilipinosOverseas Filipinos

In 2007, the Filipino American community was In 2007, the Filipino American community was estimated to be at 4 million, or 1.5% of the United estimated to be at 4 million, or 1.5% of the United States population.States population.

More than half of the community are naturalized or More than half of the community are naturalized or American-born, the remainder are Filipino nationals or American-born, the remainder are Filipino nationals or dual citizensdual citizens of both the of both the PhilippinesPhilippines and the and the United StatesUnited States..

Page 4: Filipino Americans A

OverviewOverviewFilipinos In AmericaFilipinos In America

Population by StatePopulation by State Significant populations Significant populations

AlaskaAlaska

CaliforniaCalifornia

HawaiiHawaii

Washington Washington

Chicago Chicago

NortheastNortheast

West CoastWest Coast

Southern U.S.Southern U.S.

Page 5: Filipino Americans A

Major Cultural Major Cultural CharacteristicsCharacteristics

American Influence -400 Year Spanish RuleAmerican Influence -400 Year Spanish Rule

Distinguished from other Asian Immigrants: Hispanic Distinguished from other Asian Immigrants: Hispanic surnames/sounding names; Catholics; fluent Englishsurnames/sounding names; Catholics; fluent English

Family cares for familyFamily cares for family

Family consist of mother, father, children, and parents of Family consist of mother, father, children, and parents of one or both sidesone or both sides

Share housing until financial stability establishedShare housing until financial stability established

Help other coming to countryHelp other coming to country

Page 6: Filipino Americans A

Men and women share equally in housework, care for Men and women share equally in housework, care for childrenchildren

Send money back to PhilippinesSend money back to Philippines– Door to Door Shipments consisting of staple itemsDoor to Door Shipments consisting of staple items– Shipped via Bayanihan Cargo InternationalShipped via Bayanihan Cargo International

Fond of pancit (noodles) adobo (marinated pork with Fond of pancit (noodles) adobo (marinated pork with spices and ricespices and rice

Attending dinner receive “pauwi” something to take homeAttending dinner receive “pauwi” something to take home

Celebrate with festivals including folk dancing, parades, Celebrate with festivals including folk dancing, parades, street fairs, and cultural performances attempting to street fairs, and cultural performances attempting to preserve American Filipino culturepreserve American Filipino culture

Romantic, born poets and musicians

Major Cultural Major Cultural CharacteristicsCharacteristics

Page 7: Filipino Americans A

Major Cultural IdentityMajor Cultural Identity Dominant traits are love for family, resilient,

strong religious faith, cooperative (“bayanihan”), hard working, durable and resistant

Hospitality world known

New City hosts Philippine Independence Day ParadeNew City hosts Philippine Independence Day Parade

First Sunday in June at Madison AvenueFirst Sunday in June at Madison Avenue

2002 Grand Opening of Filipino Community Center in 2002 Grand Opening of Filipino Community Center in HawaiiHawaii– Largest Filipino-American Institution in USLargest Filipino-American Institution in US– Preserve history and culture Preserve history and culture

Page 8: Filipino Americans A

Epoch of ImmigrationEpoch of Immigration 1763 First permanent Filipino settlements in North 1763 First permanent Filipino settlements in North

AmericaAmerica

established in Saint Malo, Louisianaestablished in Saint Malo, Louisiana

““Manilamen” seamen who jumped shipManilamen” seamen who jumped ship

Settlements in Acapulco, MexicoSettlements in Acapulco, Mexico

Mass migration end of 19Mass migration end of 19thth century in response to labor century in response to labor needs of plantations of Hawaii and farmlands of needs of plantations of Hawaii and farmlands of CaliforniaCalifornia

and salmon canariesand salmon canaries

Page 9: Filipino Americans A

Epoch of Epoch of ImmigrationImmigration 1903 “Pensionados”

arrived as students

1906 Labors for plantations, farms, salmon canaries

Post WWII, health professionals

Arrivals via international marriage agencies

Tendency to settle in more dispersed fashion, living in diverse communities

Page 10: Filipino Americans A

Epoch of ImmigrationEpoch of Immigration Remain largest immigrant group to dateRemain largest immigrant group to date

75% consist of family sponsorship, remainder employment-oriented75% consist of family sponsorship, remainder employment-oriented

However, suffer longest waiting list among immigrant groupsHowever, suffer longest waiting list among immigrant groups

Duel Citizenship with passage of Philippine Republic Act No. 9225Duel Citizenship with passage of Philippine Republic Act No. 9225

also known as the Citizenship Retention and Re-Acquisition Act of also known as the Citizenship Retention and Re-Acquisition Act of 20032003

First employed under President Gloria Macapagal-ArroyoFirst employed under President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

Encourages investment in PhilippinesEncourages investment in Philippines

Vote in electionsVote in elections

Participation in international sports eventsParticipation in international sports events

Page 11: Filipino Americans A

Epoch of ImmigrationEpoch of Immigration Majority live in suburbs or master planned communitiesMajority live in suburbs or master planned communities

Some instances of close-knit neighborhoods, particularly in Some instances of close-knit neighborhoods, particularly in California and Hawaii California and Hawaii

““Little Manilas…Civic and business districts tailored for Little Manilas…Civic and business districts tailored for Filipino American community lifeFilipino American community life

Section of Los Angeles “Westlake” designated Historic Section of Los Angeles “Westlake” designated Historic Filipinotown (50,000 Filipino residents)Filipinotown (50,000 Filipino residents)

US Census 60,000 nationals migrate to US every year US Census 60,000 nationals migrate to US every year since 1990 to take advantage of professional opportunities since 1990 to take advantage of professional opportunities in healthcare, technology, teachingin healthcare, technology, teaching

Page 12: Filipino Americans A

Major ContributionsMajor Contributions Byron Acohido: Pulitzer Prize WinnerByron Acohido: Pulitzer Prize Winner

Benny Agbayani: New York Mets’ SluggerBenny Agbayani: New York Mets’ Slugger

Daniel D’Umuk Aguila: Cartoonist, Painter, and SongwriterDaniel D’Umuk Aguila: Cartoonist, Painter, and Songwriter

Reynaldo G. Alejandro: Dancer, Choreographer, Chef, Author, and ColumnistReynaldo G. Alejandro: Dancer, Choreographer, Chef, Author, and Columnist

Domingo T. Alvear: Pediatric Surgeon, Speaker, and Prolific WriterDomingo T. Alvear: Pediatric Surgeon, Speaker, and Prolific Writer

Lilia Calderon Clemente: International Money ManagerLilia Calderon Clemente: International Money ManagerSenatorSenator

American Official in Clinton’s AdministrationAmerican Official in Clinton’s AdministrationVenancio Igarta: Master ColoristVenancio Igarta: Master Colorist

Josephine Jimenez, CFA: Money ManagerJosephine Jimenez, CFA: Money Manager

Loida Nicolas Lewis: Lawyer, Author, and CEO of TLCLoida Nicolas Lewis: Lawyer, Author, and CEO of TLC Beatrice Beatrice International Holdings, Inc.International Holdings, Inc.

Page 13: Filipino Americans A

Major ContributionsMajor Contributions•Constantino Amores, M.D.: Presidential Appointee on Constantino Amores, M.D.: Presidential Appointee on Arts CommitteeArts Committee

•Jon Amores: West Virginia State RepresentativeJon Amores: West Virginia State RepresentativeArtist, The: Singer (See Prince)Artist, The: Singer (See Prince)

•Tai Babilonia: Former World Ice Skating ChampionTai Babilonia: Former World Ice Skating Champion

•Bobby Balcena: 1956 Cincinnati Reds’ Baseball PlayerBobby Balcena: 1956 Cincinnati Reds’ Baseball Player

•Bernie Ballao: Alaska Council MemberBernie Ballao: Alaska Council MemberDiosdado Banatao: Engineer and Inventort of Computer Diosdado Banatao: Engineer and Inventort of Computer ChipChip

•Angela Perez Baraquio: Miss America of 2001Angela Perez Baraquio: Miss America of 2001

•Maniya Barredo: Atlanta and the Philippines’ First Prima Maniya Barredo: Atlanta and the Philippines’ First Prima BallerinaBallerina

•Anna Bayle: International ModelAnna Bayle: International Model

Page 14: Filipino Americans A

Major ContributionsMajor Contributions•Cecilia Manguerra Brainard: Award-Winning WriterCecilia Manguerra Brainard: Award-Winning Writer

•Thelma Buchhold: Alaska State RepresentativeThelma Buchhold: Alaska State Representative •Cielo Buenaventura: Metropolitan Section Cielo Buenaventura: Metropolitan Section Editor, The New York TimesEditor, The New York Times

•Annette Calud: Sesame Street Dance InstructorAnnette Calud: Sesame Street Dance Instructor

Reggie Chavez: Councilman, Tacoma Park, MarylandReggie Chavez: Councilman, Tacoma Park, Maryland•Bobby Chouinard: Baseball PlayerBobby Chouinard: Baseball Player

•Howard Chua: Time Magazine Senior EditorHoward Chua: Time Magazine Senior Editor

Page 15: Filipino Americans A

Major ContributionsMajor Contributions•Wil and Zen Coronado:Wil and Zen Coronado: Cosmetics Magnates Cosmetics Magnates

•Speedy Dado (Diosdado B. Posadas):Speedy Dado (Diosdado B. Posadas): Flyweight Boxing Flyweight Boxing ChampionChampion

•Ananias C. Diokno:Ananias C. Diokno: Urological Surgeon, Medical Scientist, Urological Surgeon, Medical Scientist, International Lecturer, Clinical Pro fessor, and AuthorInternational Lecturer, Clinical Pro fessor, and Author

•Ofelia Dirige, Ph.D., R.D.:Ofelia Dirige, Ph.D., R.D.: Nutriotionist/Dietitian, Professor, Nutriotionist/Dietitian, Professor, Founder of Kalusugan Comunity Services, San Diego, CAFounder of Kalusugan Comunity Services, San Diego, CA

•Vicky Manalo Draves:Vicky Manalo Draves: U.S. Diving Champion U.S. Diving Champion

•Jocelyn Enriquez: Jocelyn Enriquez: Queen of Free StyleQueen of Free Style

•Ernesto M. Espaldon: M.D.: Ernesto M. Espaldon: M.D.: Plastic Surgeon, Six-Term Guam Plastic Surgeon, Six-Term Guam SenatorSenator

• Benjamin N. Cayetano: Governor, State of Hawaii Benjamin N. Benjamin N. Cayetano: Governor, State of Hawaii Benjamin N. Cayetano:Cayetano:

Page 16: Filipino Americans A

Major ContributionsMajor Contributions•Jose L. Evangelista: M.D.: Member, National Jose L. Evangelista: M.D.: Member, National Committee on Foreign Medical Education and Committee on Foreign Medical Education and Accreditation (NCFMEA)Accreditation (NCFMEA)

•Stella Evangelista, M.D.: Former Member, Michigan Stella Evangelista, M.D.: Former Member, Michigan State Board of MedicineState Board of Medicine

•Roman Gabriel: Former Los Angeles Rams’ Roman Gabriel: Former Los Angeles Rams’ QuarterbackQuarterback

•Pat Gacoscos: Member, School Board, Union City, Pat Gacoscos: Member, School Board, Union City, CaliforniaCalifornia•Ceferino Garcia: Middleweight Champion of the WorldCeferino Garcia: Middleweight Champion of the World

•Tita Dioso Gillespie: Newsweek’s General EditorTita Dioso Gillespie: Newsweek’s General Editor

•Dennis Gonzales: Postmaster, Daly City, CaliforniaDennis Gonzales: Postmaster, Daly City, CaliforniaMichael Guingona, Jr.: Mayor, Daly CityMichael Guingona, Jr.: Mayor, Daly City

Page 17: Filipino Americans A

Veronica De La Cruz Veronica De La Cruz

Billy CrawfordBilly Crawford

NNoottaabblleess

Page 18: Filipino Americans A

Christeta Christeta Major Major General General Comerford Antonio Comerford Antonio TagubaTaguba

,, NNoottaabblleess

Page 19: Filipino Americans A

GenderGender

Filipinos-name for both male and femaleFilipinos-name for both male and female

Filipina-name for femaleFilipina-name for female

Both groups enjoy success and recognition in all Both groups enjoy success and recognition in all fields and careersfields and careers

Men and women share in housework, childcare Men and women share in housework, childcare responsibilityresponsibility

Page 20: Filipino Americans A

DiscriminationDiscrimination Indigenous residents were called “indio” based on the

belief that Spanish explores thought they had arrived in India

Term “indio” carried negative racial tones and discrimination and stereotypical implications that individuals were lazy ignorant savages, discriminated against because of brown skin

Early 20th century Filipinos barred from marrying white women

Secret marriages, particularly in California and in the south in 1920s and 1930s

Racial segregated in small areas and forbidden to travel

Worse after St. Louis World Fair and the Philippine-American War which perpetuated negative stereotypes

“Little Brown Men”, “Ching, Ching, Chang” “Mail Order Bride”

Cases of unreasonable deportation and visa ejection Greater scrutiny upon reentrance

Page 21: Filipino Americans A

DiscriminationDiscrimination

Suspicion as collaborators to extremist Suspicion as collaborators to extremist Philippine Islamist group Abu SayyafPhilippine Islamist group Abu Sayyaf

Higher level of scrutinyHigher level of scrutiny

US Bureau of Immigration and US Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) dissolvedNaturalization Service (INS) dissolved

Replaced with US Citizenship and Replaced with US Citizenship and Immigration Service-hopes of preventing Immigration Service-hopes of preventing visa fraudvisa fraud

Page 22: Filipino Americans A

Economic StatusEconomic Status

Majority in upper middle classMajority in upper middle class Compared to other Asians, highest Compared to other Asians, highest

household income, exceeding non-Hispanic household income, exceeding non-Hispanic white households and general US white households and general US populationpopulation

Largest senders of US dollars to Philippines Largest senders of US dollars to Philippines (2006-8 billion dollars, 57% of earnings(2006-8 billion dollars, 57% of earnings

Business owners-restaurants, medical Business owners-restaurants, medical fields, telemarketing businessfields, telemarketing business

125,000 Filipino owned businesses125,000 Filipino owned businesses

Page 23: Filipino Americans A

Political StatusPolitical Status Conservative in natureConservative in nature Divided by Democratic and RepublicanDivided by Democratic and Republican Men preferring Democratic partyMen preferring Democratic party Women preferring Republican partyWomen preferring Republican party Group assimilation may be cause for Group assimilation may be cause for

lack of political power representationlack of political power representation 1990 only 100 Filipino Americans held 1990 only 100 Filipino Americans held

elected officeselected offices– Invisibility of representation or role modelsInvisibility of representation or role models in greater community or mediain greater community or media

Page 24: Filipino Americans A

EducationEducation High priority for Filipino familiesHigh priority for Filipino families

Value instilled in childrenValue instilled in children

Some of highest educational attainment Some of highest educational attainment rates in USrates in US

47% over age of 25 having Bachelors Degree47% over age of 25 having Bachelors Degree

Recent wave of Filipinos filling job shortage Recent wave of Filipinos filling job shortage areas particularly in the healthcare, areas particularly in the healthcare, education, and information technologyeducation, and information technology

Page 25: Filipino Americans A

Educational AttainmentEducational Attainment(Percent of Population 25 and (Percent of Population 25 and

OlderOlderEthnicityEthnicity High School High School

Graduation Graduation RateRate

Bachelor’s Bachelor’s Degree +Degree +

FilipinosFilipinos 90.%90.% 47.9%47.9%

ChineseChinese 80.8%80.8% 50.2%50.2%

JapaneseJapanese 93.4%93.4% 43.7%43.7%

KoreansKoreans 90.2%90.2% 50.%50.%

WhitesWhites 88.6%88.6% 29.7%29.7%

Total USTotal US 83.9%83.9% 27.0%27.0%

Page 26: Filipino Americans A

EducationEducation

Filipino physicians comprise 2Filipino physicians comprise 2ndnd largest group of foreign trained largest group of foreign trained physicians in USphysicians in US

Filipino dentist trained in Philippines Filipino dentist trained in Philippines

11% US licensed from Philippines11% US licensed from Philippines Filipino trained nurses in US comprise Filipino trained nurses in US comprise

52%52%

Page 27: Filipino Americans A

HeritageHeritage Over three centuries of Spanish and American influence Over three centuries of Spanish and American influence

colonial rulecolonial rule

Latin and Catholic characteristics from SpainLatin and Catholic characteristics from Spain Culture based on cultures of various tribes including with Spain,

Mexico, China, India and America

Asian in race and geographic location with strongest influence being Asia culture

Largest ethnic group North Marianas Islands

Filipinos creation of what is know as the blending of the east and west in Filipino vein

(Edraline, 2002)

Page 28: Filipino Americans A

ReligionReligion Rooted in Christian HeritageRooted in Christian Heritage

Predominantly Predominantly Roman CatholicRoman Catholic; minorities of ; minorities of ProtestantismProtestantism

IslamIslam (Filipinos of Arab decent-Hawaii (Filipinos of Arab decent-Hawaii BuddhismBuddhism, Taoism (Filipinos of Chinese and Japanese , Taoism (Filipinos of Chinese and Japanese

decentdecent Hinduism (Filipinos of Indian decentHinduism (Filipinos of Indian decent Atheism and Agnosticism some existence, not popularAtheism and Agnosticism some existence, not popular

First church for Filipinos San Lorenzo Ruiz Church First church for Filipinos San Lorenzo Ruiz Church established in New York in 2005established in New York in 2005– First in US and second in the world to be named First in US and second in the world to be named

after a church in Romeafter a church in Rome– Named for First Saint of PhilippinesNamed for First Saint of Philippines

Page 29: Filipino Americans A

LanguageLanguage Tagalog, Bikolano, Visayan languages, Ilokano, Tagalog, Bikolano, Visayan languages, Ilokano,

Kapampangan spoken at homeKapampangan spoken at home

Majority of Filipino Americans speak fluent languageMajority of Filipino Americans speak fluent language

Tagalog is the fifth most-spoken language in the US Tagalog is the fifth most-spoken language in the US approximately 1.3 million speakers (Standard version is approximately 1.3 million speakers (Standard version is Filipino)Filipino)

Over 170 languages in the Philippines belonging to the Over 170 languages in the Philippines belonging to the Austronesian language familyAustronesian language family

In America, these languages tend to be lost by the second In America, these languages tend to be lost by the second and third generation and third generation – English Official language in Philippines and taught in schoolsEnglish Official language in Philippines and taught in schools– Creates language barrier between older and younger Creates language barrier between older and younger

generationsgenerations

Page 30: Filipino Americans A

ReflectionsReflections Reprisals for inter mingling with white Reprisals for inter mingling with white

racerace Victims of racial attacksVictims of racial attacks Commitment to return to the PhilippinesCommitment to return to the Philippines Economic impact of billions of dollars Economic impact of billions of dollars

being sent back to Philippines each yearbeing sent back to Philippines each year Impact of duel citizenship burdens on Impact of duel citizenship burdens on

American economyAmerican economy High value placed on educationHigh value placed on education

Page 31: Filipino Americans A

Significant ObservationsSignificant Observations Third largest English speaking country in the

world Resilience to maintain Filipino culture and Resilience to maintain Filipino culture and

heritage despite discriminationheritage despite discrimination

Establishment of communities seems to be a trend Establishment of communities seems to be a trend

War Promises from WWIIWar Promises from WWII Minority service, then little or no recognitionMinority service, then little or no recognition

Literacy rate is 96%

English most widely used, particularly in areas of education, business, and by professionals

Page 32: Filipino Americans A

Significant ObservationsSignificant Observations Philippines most westernized country in AsiaPhilippines most westernized country in Asia

Continued discriminationContinued discrimination

Silent Minority (Assimilation Practices)Silent Minority (Assimilation Practices)

Highly Intellectual/IndustriousHighly Intellectual/Industrious

Immigration trend will continue in light of need Immigration trend will continue in light of need for employees, particularly in medical fieldfor employees, particularly in medical field

Page 33: Filipino Americans A

Significant ObservationsSignificant Observations Intelligent, retentive memory, quick perception, and talents for

art and science

Gentle, friendly, cheerful, known for their hospitality and romanticism

Tropical climate, abundant rainfall and gentle winds

Population of 91,077,286

Despite tumultuous history of revolts, wars, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, typhoons and epidemics, Filipinos remained durable

Page 34: Filipino Americans A

ReferencesReferences Bautista, Veltisezar 2Bautista, Veltisezar 2ndnd Ed. (2002) The Filipino Americas (1763-Present): Their Ed. (2002) The Filipino Americas (1763-Present): Their History, Culture, and Traditions. Illinois: Bookhause Publishers.History, Culture, and Traditions. Illinois: Bookhause Publishers.

Edraline, M. (2008) The Philippines, Filipino History, Culture and Heritage: Emergence of the Filipino People. Retrieved January 19, 2008, from http://utexas.edu/asnic/countries/philippines/philippines.html.

Filipino American. (2008, April 11). In Filipino American. (2008, April 11). In Wikipedia, The Free EncyclopediaWikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. . Retrieved 09:35, April 14, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php. Retrieved 09:35, April 14, 2008, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php.

Philippine History (2008). Pinas: Your Gateway to the Philippines. Retrieved from Internet http://pinas.dlsu.edu.ph/history/history.html.

Rand McNally (2008) Quick Reference: World Atlas. Rand McNally &Co.

United States Census Bureau ColumbiaUnited States Census Bureau Columbia Encyclopedia: Philippine History (2008). Retrieved February 5, 2008, from http://dlsu.edu.ph/history.html.

United States Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook-Philipines. Retrieved February 1, 2008 from (https:www.cia.gov/library/publications/the worldfactbook/geos/rp.html).

Wikipedia (2008) Retrieved February 4, 2008, fromhttp://en.wikipedic.org/wiki/Filipino_people.

Page 35: Filipino Americans A
Page 36: Filipino Americans A

References

Columbia Encyclopedia: Philippine History (2008). Retrieved February 5, 2008, from http://dlsu.edu.ph/history.html.

Edraline, M. (2008) The Philippines, Filipino History, Culture and Heritage: Emergence of the Filipino People. Retrieved January 19, 2008, from http://utexas.edu/asnic/countries/philippines/philippines.html.

Philippine History (2008). Pinas: Your Gateway to the Philippines. Retrieved from Internet http://pinas.dlsu.edu.ph/history/history.html.

Rand McNally (2008) Quick Reference: World Atlas. Rand McNally &Co.

United States Central Intelligence Agency. The World Factbook-Philipines. Retrieved February 1, 2008 from (https:www.cia.gov/library/publications/the

worldfactbook/geos/rp.html). Wikipedia (2008) Retrieved February 4, 2008, from http://en.wikipedic.org/wiki/Filipino_people.