Fig. 9-0b Ancestral canine Chinese Shar-Pei Akita Basenji Siberian Husky Alaskan Malamute Rottweiler Sheepdog Retriever Afghan hound Saluki Wolf.

Fig. 9-0b

Ancestralcanine

Chinese Shar-Pei

Akita

Basenji

Siberian Husky

Alaskan Malamute

Rottweiler

Sheepdog

Retriever

Afghan hound

Saluki

Wolf

Figure 9.2C_s3

Gregor Mendel performed artificial selection (breeding) experiments on pea plants

Figure 9.2D_1

Character TraitsDominant Recessive

Flower color

Purple White

Flower position

Axial Terminal

Seed colorYellow Green

Seed shape

Round Wrinkled

Figure 9.2D_2

CharacterDominant Recessive

Traits

Pod shape

Inflated Constricted

Pod color

Green Yellow

Stem length

Tall Dwarf

Figure 9.3A_s2The Experiment

P generation(true-breedingparents)

F1 generation

Purpleflowers

Whiteflowers

All plants havepurple flowers

Figure 9.3A_s3The Experiment

P generation(true-breedingparents)

F1 generation

F2 generation

of plantshave purple flowers

of plantshave white flowers

Purpleflowers

Whiteflowers

All plants havepurple flowers

Fertilizationamong F1 plants(F1 F1)

34

14

Figure 9.3B_s3The Explanation

P generation

F1 generation(hybrids)

F2 generation

Genetic makeup (alleles)

Purple flowers White flowers

Gametes P All p

ppPP

P

P

P

p

p

p

PP Pp

Pp pp

Eggsfrom F1 plant

Gametes

Fertilization

All Pp

Allelessegregate

Phenotypic ratio3 purple : 1 white

Genotypic ratio1 PP : 2 Pp : 1 pp

Sperm from F1 plant

21

21

All

Figure 9.8ADominant Traits Recessive Traits

Freckles No freckles

Widow’s peak Straight hairline

Free earlobe Attached earlobe

Figure 9.8B

First generation(grandparents)

Second generation(parents, aunts,and uncles)

Third generation(two sisters)

Female MaleAttachedFree

Ff Ff Ffff

FfFfff ff ff

ff

FForFf

FForFf

Figure 9.9A

Parents

Offspring

Sperm

Eggs

NormalDd

NormalDd

D

D

d

d

DDNormal

DdNormal(carrier)

DdNormal(carrier)

ddDeaf

Table 9.9

Figure 9.11AP generation

F1 generation

F2 generation

21

21

21

21

21

21

Gametes

Gametes

Eggs

Sperm

RedRR

Whiterr

Pink hybridRr

R

R

R

R

r

r

r

r

RR rR

Rr rr

Incomplete dominance

Figure 9.12

Blood Group(Phenotype) Genotypes

Carbohydrates Presenton Red Blood Cells

AntibodiesPresentin Blood

A

B

AB

O

IAIA

orIAi

IBIB

orIBi

IAIB

ii

Carbohydrate A

Carbohydrate B

Carbohydrate A

and

Carbohydrate B

Neither

Anti-B

Anti-A

Anti-B

Anti-A

None

No reaction Clumping reaction

O A B AB

Reaction When Blood from Groups Below Is Mixedwith Antibodies from Groups at Left

Co-dominance

Fig. 9-UN2

Incompletedominance

RedRR

Singlegene

Single characters(such as skin color)

Multiple characters

Pleiotropy

PolygenicinheritanceMultiple

genes

Whiterr

PinkRr