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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Human Anatomy Unit 3
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMfaculty.mtsac.edu/mpresch/35_lecture_files_unit_3/13 Anat...Female Reproducve System • Gonads = ovaries – almond shaped – flank the uterus on either

Aug 13, 2020

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Page 1: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMfaculty.mtsac.edu/mpresch/35_lecture_files_unit_3/13 Anat...Female Reproducve System • Gonads = ovaries – almond shaped – flank the uterus on either

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 

Human Anatomy 

Unit 3 

Page 2: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMfaculty.mtsac.edu/mpresch/35_lecture_files_unit_3/13 Anat...Female Reproducve System • Gonads = ovaries – almond shaped – flank the uterus on either

Female Reproduc6ve System 

•  Gonads = ovaries –  almond shaped –  flank the uterus on either side 

–  a?ached to the uterus and body wall by ligaments 

•  Gametes = oocytes –  released from the ovary during ovula6on 

–  Develop within ovarian follicles 

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Ligaments 

•  Broad ligament –  A?aches to walls and floor of 

pelvic cavity 

–  Con6nuous with parietal peritoneum 

•  Round ligament –  Perpendicular to broad ligament 

•  Ovarian ligament –  Lateral surface of uterus ‐ ‐> 

medial surface of ovary 

•  Suspensory ligament –  Lateral surface of ovary ‐ ‐> pelvic 

wall 

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Ovarian Follicles 

•  Layers of epithelial cells surrounding ova •  Primordial follicle 

–  most immature of follicles 

•  Primary follicle –  single layer of follicular (granulosa) cells 

•  Secondary –  more than one layer and growing cavi6es 

•  Graafian –  Fluid filled antrum –  ovum supported by many layers of follicular cells 

–  Ovum surrounded by corona radiata 

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Ovarian Follicles 

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Corpus Luteum  

•  Ovula6on releases the oocyte with the corona radiata 

•  Leaves behind the rest of the Graafian follicle •  Follicle becomes corpus luteum 

•  Con6nues to secrete hormones to support possible pregnancy un6l placenta becomes secretory or no implanta6on 

•  Becomes corpus albicans when no longer func6onal 

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Corpus Luteum and Corpus Albicans 

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Uterine (Fallopian) Tubes 

•  Ciliated tubes  –  Passage of the ovum to the uterus and  

–  Passage of sperm toward the ovum 

•  Fimbriae  –  finger like projec6ons that cover the ovary and sway, drawing the ovum inside aRer ovula6on 

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The Uterus  

•  Muscular, hollow organ  – supports the embryo/fetus during pregnancy 

•  Three layers – Endometrium  

•  inner lining of columnar epithelium 

•  highly modified during pregnancy  

– Myometrium •  smooth muscle layer 

– Perimetrium •  adven66a of the uterus 

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The Uterus 

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The Uterus 

•  Fundus – superior most area 

•  Body –  longest part of the uterus 

•  Cervix – necklike region of the uterus that extends into the vagina 

–  internal and external os are the openings of the cervix 

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The Uterus 

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The Vagina 

•  Birth canal  –  thin walled expandable tube  

–  posterior to the urethra and anterior to the rectum 

–  folded with rugae •  Hymen  

–  vascular covering to the vagina 

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External Genitalia •  Labia  – Folds that protect the ves6bule 

•  Major  –  dry skin with hair 

•  Minor  – moist mucus membrane 

•  Clitoris  – homolog to the glans penis 

•  contains erec6le 6ssue, a glans, body and prepuce •  Perineum – diamond shaped region containing the urethral orifice, external genitalia, and anus. 

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External Genitalia 

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Female Reproduc6ve System