FARA ED Keynote - CCARDESA GA

Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa

The African Agriculture Transformation Agenda: A socio-economic imperative for Enhancing and

Sustaining Africa's Growth

Dr Yemi AkinbamijoExecutive Director

Keynote presentation at the inaugural CCARDESA

General Assembly, Gaborone, Botswana;

6-7 May 2014

Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa 2

1. Background– Why African agriculture must be transformed?

2. Africa’s Agricultural Transformation Agenda (AATA)

3. Strengthening CCARDESA’s contribution to realization of the AATA

4. FARA

5. Concluding Remarks

Outline

• The foundation for transformation has been laid

• Need for an African narrative of the continent

Africa before

1984 2000

and now


SSA GDP growth rates (1980-2013)

Compiled with data from IMF World Economic Outlook Database 2014


1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 20080

25

50

75

100

East Asia and Pacific South AsiaSub-Saharan Africa

Percentage of population living on less than $1.25 per day (1981-2008)Percentage of population living on less than $1.25 per day in 2010

Poverty reduction

East Asia & Pacific

LAC MENA South Asia SSA0

10

20

30

40

50

12.55.5 2.4

31.0

48.5

Prepared from World Bank Data


1. Sustaining a high growth rate over the long term

2. Ensuring that high growth translates into high poverty reduction (inclusive growth)

3. Ensuring that high growth is environmentally sustainable

Africa’s economic growth challenges

• Wide scope for growth – Bridging the productivity gap

• Offers the highest poverty reducing potential – (2- 4 times compared to other sectors)

• Scope for intensification: to reduce land degradation

Pivotal role of Agriculture in Africa

Source: De Janvry and Sadoulet, 2010

8

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06/05/2014 8Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa

Pivotal role of Agriculture

“Everything can wait but agriculture cannot wait!”

Jawaharlal NehruIndian Statesman and First Prime Minister

Historically, with few exceptions, no country has been able to sustain a rapid transition out of poverty without raising productivity in its agricultural sector

Multiple functions of Agriculture

Environmental stewardship

Bioenergy

Nutrition & Health

Food Security

Climate change Income

Food security in Africa“… without food security, sustained improvements in human development will remain an unattainable goal”

Africa Human Development Report 2012

Progress has been made but Africa lags behind rest of the world in food security indicators

• ¼ of population is undernourished

• Per-capita food production is falling

“Challenges will always abound; overcoming them is

the real challenge”Yemi Akinbamijo

The real challenge


• The Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP): An initiative of the African Union and NEPAD

The African Agriculture Transformation Agenda

• A framework for revitalising agriculture as the driver for Africa’s structural transformation

• Represents a fundamental shift toward African ownership and leadership of its development agenda

• Emphasis of the new CAADP phase (2013- 2023) is on results and impact

The pathway to transformation

Wealth creation; Improved Food and Nutrition Security; Resilience

Sustained inclusive agriculture growth (Agribusiness & Entrepreneurship; jobs, poverty reduction; national & regional

agric markets & trade; Africa’s share in global agriculture trade)

1 Increased agriculture production

and productivity

2 Increased value-

addition and access to better

functioning markets and trade

3 Food and nutrition

security for all

4 Resilience to

climate change and other risks

5Public-private engagement

and investment financing


1

2

4

3

5

1960 19801970 1990 20082000

Year

Sub-Saharan Africa

South Asia

South East Asia

Rest of the World

East Asia

Cereal Grain Average Yield by Region (mT/Ha)• Harnessing science , technology and innovation – implementing the Science Agenda

• Improved Land & Water management

• Improved access to inputs & financial services

• TARGET: double agriculture total factor productivity (TFP) by 2025

1. Improving production and productivity …1/5

• Improving productivity and competitiveness is one of the raison d'être for STI

• Africa lags behind in both the generation and adoption of science outputs for enhancing productivity

Science, technology & innovation are essential to increasing productivity

Region No. variety releases, 1965-1998

Share area to modern varieties, 1998

Share area to modern varieties, 2010

LAC 3,146 0.51Asia 2,229 0.83MENA 715 0.56SS Africa 1,157 0.23 0.35All 7,246 0.65

Source: Renkow and Byerlee, 2010


Science Outputs

Countries re-sized according to scientific output


• Africa has ceded control of its STI agenda for agriculture to external partners—strategically untenable

• This is now being addressed by ensuring full ownership and leadership of the Science Agenda

• Test of African ownership and leadership lies in African financing of the agenda’s implementation


10

100

1,000

10,000

100 1,000 10,000 100,000

Agricultural output per worker (log scale)

Ag

ricu

ltu

ral

ou

tpu

t p

er h

ecta

re o

f la

nd

(lo

g s

cale

)

Australia & New Zealand

N America

W Europe

Japan & S Korea

Former USSR

W Asia & N Africa

Latin America

SSA

ChinaS Asia

South Africa

E Europe

SE Asia

1000 ha/worker

100 ha/worker

10 ha/worker1 ha/worker0.1 ha/worker


• Doubling TFP will entail devoting special attention to:- labour productivity, non-land physical capital & biotechnology


“We will have to phase out the hand hoe if we are to attract the youth into agriculture.” “… the right place for the hand-hoe

should be the museum.”HE Tumusiime Rhoda Peace,

AUC Commissioner for Rural Economy and Agriculture

• Improving labour productivity


• Taking advantage of the possibilities offered by Biotechnology

– A rational debate needed that considers the problem, all possible solutions including biotech in all forms, and their associated benefits and risks)


• Potential market for agric and agribusiness projected to reach US$1 trillion by 2030

• Food import bill (2010-2012) averaged US$69.5B/pa and is growing at 15% pa

TARGET: increase share of intra-Africa trade to at least 50% of total agri-food trade by 2025

2. Increased value-addition and access to better functioning markets and trade

Most of Africa:Agribusiness

accounts for 38%

Global: Agribusiness accounts for 78% of value added in the value chain


Target:End hunger and ensure food and nutritional security for all Africa’s citizens on a self-reliant (food sovereignty) basis by 2025

ThroughPolicy and social protection interventions

3. Food and nutrition security for all

Targets:• Climate change adaptation is

strongly integrated in agric. investment plans

• Functional resilience mechanisms strengthened

4. Resilience to climate change and other risks

ThroughEnhancing access by smallholders to finance and technology for climate adaptation and management of other risks

Projected changes in LGP: 2000-2050

Source: Thornton et al. (2006) Mapping Climate Vulnerability and Poverty in Africa, ILRI, Nairobi, Kenya


• Mobilisation of domestic investments (public and private) into agriculture and agribusiness

• Improve investments in terms of:– Volume (amount)– Quality (targeted for best returns)– Stability – Source (public, private, external)

Public-private engagement and investment financing


• Guiding a lion versus herding cats out of a forest

CCARDESA & the Agric. Transformation Agenda

• CCARDESA offers a platform & mechanism for collective action of the SADC 15 countries to implement the Science Agenda

• Implementation at country level


• CCARDESA is mandated to support countries to prepare / update their science for agriculture strategies and action plans, through CAADP process

• Collective action in the implementation of STI within Southern Africa:– Regional STI visioning / strategy

– Regional programmes

– Centres of excellence,

– Regional mobility of human resources



• It is essential that CCARDESA MTOP is aligned to Science Agenda and supports CCARDESA constituents to realise targets of the transformation agenda

• Consider these areas for strengthening in the CCARDESA MTOP– Visioning (strategic analysis + foresight)

– Operationalization of the Science Agenda

– Promoting and catalysing value-addition

– Advocacy for improved investments (volume, quality, stability, source)



RationaleCreated in 2002 to meet the demand for collective action in agriculture science, technology & innovation at continental level

Purpose:

To contribute to generating high broad-based and sustainable agricultural growth in Africa by improving productivity, competitiveness and market access

The Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa


Architecture of African ARD institutions

Global

Continental

Sub-Regional

National

African Union Commission

RECs

National Governments

GFAR

FARA

SROs

NARS

Scale Political organs ARD institution


SROs are the building blocks of FARA

NASRO

ASARECA

CORAF/WECARD

CCARDESA


FARA’s Strategic Priorities (2014-2018)

Visioning Africa’s

agricultural Transformatio

n

Integrating capacities for

change

Enabling the environment

for implementati

on

Cross cutting• Climate Change• Gender• Youth• Nutrition• Bioenergy


• FARA’s push for establishment of CCARDESA– Driven by recognition that Africa’s ARD architecture was

incomplete & weak without a functional SRO in southern Africa

• Until recently the FARA-CCARDESA relationship was focussed on institutional strengthening of CCARDESA

FARA and CCARDESA …1/3


As CCARDESA matures, its relationships with partners will

inevitably change



FARA engagement with CCARDESA is expected to evolve to include:

– Joint initiatives (conception, formulation and implementation) in line with subsidiarity principle

– Joint visioning and planning

– Joint advocacy of STI and resource mobilisation



1. Starting point: What kind of agriculture does Southern Africa want to have in the next 10, 20, 30 years?

2. The real challenge is to undertake the necessary actions to achieve this vision

3. STI is necessary but not sufficient to realise the desired transformation. Need to link with other drivers, especially policy

Concluding Remarks …1/2


4. Good governance of institutions mandated to deliver results contributing to the transformation is essential

5. “Let us STOP the blah, blah and start the do do”

6. Appreciate all stakeholders and development partners that have contributed to CCARDESA’s evolution

Concluding Remarks …2/2

Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa

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FARA@15 CommemorationAccra, Ghana, November 2014

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FARA ED Keynote - CCARDESA GA

Presentations & Public Speaking

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continent africa

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