Extension experience (ebrahim mohammed)

Extension Experiences in Extension Experiences in EthiopiaEthiopia

June 30, 2004June 30, 2004

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Ministry of Agriculture and Rural DevelopmentDevelopment

Addis AbabaAddis Ababa

I/ Extension Intervention During the Imperial I/ Extension Intervention During the Imperial RegimeRegime(1953-1974)(1953-1974)

1. Started in 1953 Following establishment of Alemaya Agricultural College

Objective

- Transfer research output

- Import and introduce technologies

- Introduce improved Agricultural practice

Methodology

- Use of Development Agents

- Started with 2 ext. agents 132

- 77 extension posts

- Demonstration

- Regular visit of farmers field

- Organization of youth clubs

2. 1963 Extension activity Transferred to MoA 2. 1963 Extension activity Transferred to MoA 3. Establishment of comprehensive package project3. Establishment of comprehensive package project

- 1967 Chillalo Agricultural Development Unit (CADU)1967 Chillalo Agricultural Development Unit (CADU)- 1970 Welayita Agricultural Development Unit (WADU)1970 Welayita Agricultural Development Unit (WADU)- 1972 Ada District Development Project1972 Ada District Development Project- Tach Adiabo and Hadegti Agricultural Tach Adiabo and Hadegti Agricultural

Development (TAHADU)Development (TAHADU)- Southern Region Agricultural Development Southern Region Agricultural Development

Project (SORADEP)Project (SORADEP)- Humera Agricultural Development (HAD)Humera Agricultural Development (HAD)

4. Start of Minimum Package Program 1 (MPP-1)4. Start of Minimum Package Program 1 (MPP-1)

Established EPID in MoAEstablished EPID in MoAObjectiveObjective

- Provision of Extension ServiceProvision of Extension Service- Provision of Agricultural Support ServicesProvision of Agricultural Support Services

MethodologyMethodology- Establishing Minimum Package Areas (50-75 Establishing Minimum Package Areas (50-75

Km)Km)- Assignment of extension agentsAssignment of extension agents

55 Minimum Package areas55 Minimum Package areas 280 districts out of 580280 districts out of 580 346 development centers346 development centers

II/ Extension Intervention During the II/ Extension Intervention During the Military RegimeMilitary Regime

(1974-1991)(1974-1991)

Mpp.1 – continued for about 5 yearsMpp.1 – continued for about 5 years Following Mpp-I Mpp-II started in 1980Following Mpp-I Mpp-II started in 1980ObjectiveObjective

- Improve the productivity of crops and livestockImprove the productivity of crops and livestock- Increase the production of raw materials for domestic industry Increase the production of raw materials for domestic industry

and exportand export- Enhance soil and water conservation activitiesEnhance soil and water conservation activities- Establish various farmers organizationEstablish various farmers organization- Construction of rural roads, grain stores and Agric. OfficesConstruction of rural roads, grain stores and Agric. Offices

- Dissolved EPIDDissolved EPID- Closed the development centersClosed the development centers- Pulled extension agents to district office of AgriculturePulled extension agents to district office of Agriculture

6. MPP-II replaced by Peasant Agricultural Development 6. MPP-II replaced by Peasant Agricultural Development Program (PADEP) - 1985Program (PADEP) - 1985

Divided the country into 8 agricultural development zonesDivided the country into 8 agricultural development zones

Table 1 PADEP Project ZonesTable 1 PADEP Project Zones

ProjectProject Financer Financer Area of Area of OperationOperation

Intended Intended Project PeriodProject Period

ProgramProgram RemarkRemark

PADEP 1PADEP 1 IDAIDA N.W EthiopiaN.W Ethiopia 1989-19941989-1994 Peasant Agric. Sev.Peasant Agric. Sev. ConductedConducted

PADEP 2PADEP 2 IDAIDA Western Western EthiopiaEthiopia

1990-19951990-1995 Peasant Agric. Sev.Peasant Agric. Sev. Not-Not-ConductedConducted

PADEP 3PADEP 3 IDFIDF S. Eastern S. Eastern EthiopiaEthiopia

1987-19921987-1992 Peasant Agric. Sev.Peasant Agric. Sev. ConductedConducted

PADEP 4PADEP 4 Italian Italian GovGov

S. Eastern S. Eastern EthiopiaEthiopia

1989-19921989-1992 Integrated Agric. Integrated Agric. Devt.Devt.

Not-Not-ConductedConducted

PADEP 5PADEP 5 IFAD,IDA,IFAD,IDA,OPECOPEC

E. And S.E E. And S.E EthiopiaEthiopia

1988-19941988-1994 Soil and water cons. Soil and water cons. Small scale irrigationSmall scale irrigation

ConductedConducted

PADEP 6PADEP 6 EECEEC Central Central EthiopiaEthiopia

1989-19941989-1994 Catchments Catchments rehabilitation peasant rehabilitation peasant Agric. Devt. Conserv. Agric. Devt. Conserv. based Agric. Devt.based Agric. Devt.

ConductedConducted

PADEP 7PADEP 7 SiDASiDA N.Eastern N.Eastern EthiopiaEthiopia

1987-19901987-1990 Rural Devt.Rural Devt. Not-Not-ConductedConducted

PADEP 8PADEP 8 SIDASIDA TigrayTigray 1987-19901987-1990 Rural Devt.Rural Devt. Not-Not-conductedconducted

The areas with peasant Agricultural The areas with peasant Agricultural Development used the T and V Development used the T and V extension system.extension system.

The system in implemented in high The system in implemented in high potential surplus producing districts.potential surplus producing districts.

Re-deployment of extension agents Re-deployment of extension agents at Development centersat Development centers

Establishment RELCEstablishment RELC

III/ Extension Intervention Under the III/ Extension Intervention Under the Current GovernmentCurrent Government

(1991 on wards)(1991 on wards)

PADEP Programmes continued for the 1PADEP Programmes continued for the 1stst 4 4 years.years.

Critical evaluation and review of past Critical evaluation and review of past extension approaches was done.extension approaches was done.

New extension system ‘Participatory New extension system ‘Participatory Demonstration and Training Extension Demonstration and Training Extension System’ (PADETES) was developed in 1995 System’ (PADETES) was developed in 1995 – Based on ADLI– Based on ADLI

Main Features:-Main Features:-

- Increasing Production and Productivity of small Increasing Production and Productivity of small scale farmers through research generated scale farmers through research generated technologies and informationtechnologies and information

- Empowering farmers to participate actively in the Empowering farmers to participate actively in the Development processDevelopment process

- Increasing the level of food self sufficiency Increasing the level of food self sufficiency - Ensure the rehabilitation and conservation of Ensure the rehabilitation and conservation of

natural resource base of Agriculturenatural resource base of Agriculture- Encourage farmers organizationEncourage farmers organization

- Organized Agricultural Extension Department at Federal Organized Agricultural Extension Department at Federal Level Under the Department 3 main divisions (teams)Level Under the Department 3 main divisions (teams)- Moisture Reliable Areas Extension DivisionMoisture Reliable Areas Extension Division- Moisture Un-reliable Areas Extension DivisionMoisture Un-reliable Areas Extension Division- Pastoral Areas Extension DivisionPastoral Areas Extension Division

Prior to implementation of PADETESPrior to implementation of PADETES Pilot extension intervention programme of SG-2000 was Pilot extension intervention programme of SG-2000 was

conducted 1993conducted 1993- Package approachPackage approach 1993 2 package 160 farmers1993 2 package 160 farmers

1994 4 package 1600 farmers1994 4 package 1600 farmers Government adopted the approachGovernment adopted the approach

Table 2. Ethiopian Crop Yield, improved (imp.) Table 2. Ethiopian Crop Yield, improved (imp.) compared with conventional (conv.) practices, 1995-compared with conventional (conv.) practices, 1995-

2001 (t/ha)2001 (t/ha)

YearYear MaizeMaize WheatWheat SorghumSorghum TeffTeff BarleyBarley

Imp.Imp. Conv.Conv. Imp.Imp. Conv.Conv. Imp.Imp. Conv.Conv. Imp.Imp. Conv.Conv. Imp.Imp. Conv.Conv.

19951995 3.73.7 1.01.0 2.92.9 0.90.9 2.72.7 0.80.8 1.31.3 1.01.0 -- 0.80.8

19961996 5.45.4 1.71.7 2.82.8 1.21.2 4.54.5 1.41.4 1.51.5 0.80.8 -- 1.11.1

19971997 3.73.7 1.71.7 3.53.5 1.31.3 1.91.9 1.01.0 1.71.7 0.90.9 1.71.7 1.11.1

19981998 5.25.2 1.61.6 2.52.5 1.41.4 3.03.0 1.11.1 1.31.3 0.70.7 2.12.1 1.11.1

19991999 5.85.8 1.81.8 3.03.0 1.21.2 1.91.9 1.11.1 1.41.4 0.80.8 2.72.7 1.51.5

20002000 4.14.1 1.71.7 2.62.6 1.21.2 2.12.1 1.01.0 1.71.7 0.80.8 1.91.9 1.01.0

20012001 3.73.7 1.11.1 2.42.4 1.11.1 2.12.1 0.80.8 1.31.3 0.60.6 1.71.7 0.90.9

Table 3. Number of Farmers (000) participating in Table 3. Number of Farmers (000) participating in national extension programs, Ethiopia, 1995-2001national extension programs, Ethiopia, 1995-2001

YearYear Food Food CropsCrops

High High economic economic

value cropsvalue crops

Livestock Livestock Post-Post-harvest harvest

technologytechnology

Natural Natural resourcesresources

TotalTotal

19951995 3232 -- -- -- -- 3232

19961996 350350 -- -- -- -- 350350

19971997 584584 2323 2222 0.10.1 99 638638

19981998 2,1222,122 275275 4545 0.20.2 544544 2,9872,987

19991999 2,8042,804 390390 6767 1.01.0 546546 3,8083,808

20002000 2,9872,987 387387 7777 1.21.2 342342 3,7943,794

20012001 2,6162,616 441441 8989 1.71.7 -- --

Table 4 Farm inputs used by national extension Table 4 Farm inputs used by national extension programs, Ethiopia, 1995-2000.programs, Ethiopia, 1995-2000.

YearYear Improved Improved seed (000 t)seed (000 t)

Fertilizer Fertilizer (000 t)(000 t)

19951995 2.42.4 3535

19961996 6.86.8 --

19971997 7.77.7 5353

19981998 13.613.6 196196

19991999 17.817.8 217217

20002000 18.218.2 230230

- Implemented the program in all RegionsImplemented the program in all Regions- Increase the number of Development centers and Increase the number of Development centers and

extension workers.extension workers.- Capacity building Capacity building TrainingTraining

MaterialsMaterials- Currently to up grade the level of knowledge of Currently to up grade the level of knowledge of

Development agentsDevelopment agents25 TVET Colleges25 TVET CollegesNumber of students Number of students

11stst Year Year 131811318122ndnd Year Year 149771497733rdrd Year Year 9400 9400

- Establishment of Farmers training centersEstablishment of Farmers training centers- 15,000 with in 3-4 Years15,000 with in 3-4 Years

Short comings Short comings Shortage of transferable Shortage of transferable technologytechnology Shortage of inputsShortage of inputs Market ProblemMarket Problem Lack of sound credit systemLack of sound credit system Involvement of extension Involvement of extension staffs staffs in non-extension in non-extension activities.activities.

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