Evolution Of Telecommunication

• 1. Evolution of Telecommunication Rohan Sripad Prasanna Raghavan P

2.

• 0G

• 1G technologies

• 2G technologies

• Circuit and Packet Switching.

• 3GPP & 3GPP2

• Services offered by 3G

• Deployment Problems

• 3G in India & its delay

• 4G

Transition 2.5G technologies 2.75G technologies 3G technologies An interim 3.5G 3.

• 0G

• 1G technologies

• 2G technologies

• Circuit and Packet Switching.

• 3GPP & 3GPP2

• Services offered by 3G

• Deployment Problems

• 3G in India & its delay

• 4G

Transition 2.5G technologies 2.75G technologies 3G technologies An interim 3.5G 4.

• 0G

• 1G technologies

• 2G technologies

• Circuit and Packet Switching.

• 3GPP & 3GPP2

• Services offered by 3G

• Deployment Problems

• 3G in India & its delay

• 4G

Transition 2.5G technologies 2.75G technologies 3G technologies An interim 3.5G 5. ORIGIN of Wireless Communication

• 1895-1901

• GuglielmoMarconi

• Demonstrates wireless communications over increasing distances

1864 James Maxwell Predicts existence of radio waves. 1886 Rudolph Hertz Demonstrates radio waves. 6. 0G 1924 7. 1G AMPS TACS NMT 1980s Analog Voice Typical 2.4 Kbps 8. 1G

• Advanced Mobile Phone Services (AMPS)

• • Deployed in US , Japan : 1983

• Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT)

• • Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland : 1981

• Total Access Communication System (TACS)

• • British System, similar to AMPS : 1985

9. 2G GSM CDMA TDMA 1990s Digital Voice 9.6 - 14.4 Kbps (circuit data) 10. 2G GSM

• Global system for Mobile

• • Based on TDMA ; Europe

• • 900 Mhz, 1800 Mhz.

• • Later 850 Mhz and 1900 Mhz in Americas

• • Quad Band ; World Phones

11. 2G - CDMA

• Code Division Multiple Access

• • cdmaOne or IS-95

• • All users use same freq band ; 800 Mhz

• • Major success in Korea, Used by Verizon and Sprint

• • Easy Migration to 3G

12. 13. Circuit Switching A private road all for yourself Dedicated end to end connection 14. Packet Switching Divided packets can take different paths and timesA shared highway 15. 3GPP GPRS EDGE LTE WCDMA HSPA 1.92 Mbps 14 Mbps 384 Kbps 114 Kbps 100 Mbps 16. 3GPP2 1xRTT EV-DO UMB (abandoned 2008 Nov & favoring LTE) 114 Kbps 2.4 Mbps 288 Mbps 17.

• 0G

• 1G technologies

• 2G technologies

• Circuit and Packet Switching.

• 3GPP & 3GPP2

• Services offered by 3G

• Deployment Problems

• 3G in India & its delay

• 4G

Transition 2.5G technologies 2.75G technologies 3G technologies An interim 3.5G 18. 2.5G GPRS 2001 Packet Data 19. 2.5G - GPRS

• General Packet Radio Service - An Overlay technology on top ofthe existing GSM systems.

• Data rate = 56 114Kbps.

• 4 MCS (Modulation and coding schemes) used.

• Factors affecting downlink/uplink speed:

• • TDMA slots

• • Multi-slot class

• • Channel Encoding used.

20. HSCSD

• High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data.

• An enhancement to CSD Multiple timeslots used.

• Data rates up to 38.4Kbps (4 times CSD).

• • In reality supports 14.4Kbps .

• Expensive than CSD.

• Latency less that GPRS.

21. 2.75G EDGE 2003 Packet Data CDMA 1xRTT 22. EDGE

• EDGE (Enhanced Data rate for GSM)

• Superset of GPRS.

• Data rate = 4 times GPRS.

• 9 MCS (Modulation and coding schemes) used Gaussian min shift keying and 8PSK.

23. Evolved EDGE

• Data rate = 1Mbps

• Encoding technique 32QAM and 16QAM.

• Requires simple network enhancements with software update.

24. CDMA 1xRTT

• 1x is an abbreviation of 1xRTT (1x Radio Transmission Technology).1x refers to the no. of duplex radio channels.

• Supports 33-35 simultaneous voice calls per 1.25MHz.(cdmaOne = 20 voice calls)

• Encoding technique:

• • BPSK for forward and reverse link.

• Data Rate = 153 Kbps/153 Kbps.

• Software and minimum hardware update.

25. 3G IMT2000 W-CDMA (UMTS) CDMA2000 26. UMTS

• UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System. Also known as W-CDMA.

• W-CDMA uses the DS-CDMA and TDD channel access method with a pair of 5MHz channels.

• Requires new cell towers & frequency allocations.

• Data rate = 1Mbps(theoritical)

• Frequency bands:

• • Uplink 1885-2025MHz (mobile-to-base )

• • Downlink 2110-2200MHz (base-to-mobile).

27. CDMA2000

• EVDO Rel 0 (Evolution-Data Optimized or Evolution-Data only Release 0)

• Data rates:

• • Forward link - 2.4Mbps.

• • Reverse link - 153kbps.

• Encoding technique:

• • Forward link 16QAM.

• • Reverse link - BPSK.

28. 3.5G EVDO-Rev A HSDPA HSUPA EVDO-Rev B 29. HSPA

• High Speed Packet Access is a collection of two mobile telephony protocols HSDPA and HSUPA.

• High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)

• • Data rates for Forward link - 14.4Mbps.

• • Encoding technique QPSK and 16QAM

• High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) or EUL(Enhanced Uplink)

• • Data rates for Reverse link - 5.76Mbps.

• Just a software update for most WCDMA networks.

30. HSPA+

• Evolved High Speed Packet Access (HSPA+)

• Data rates:

• • Forward link - 42Mbps.

• • Reverse link - 22Mbps.

• Encoding technique 64QAM .

31. EVDO Rev A

• EVDO Rev A (Revision A)

• Also called as EV-DV (Evolution Data/Voice)

• Data rates:

• • Forward link - 3.1Mbps.

• • Reverse link - 1.8Mbps.

• Encoding technique:

• • Forward link 16QAM.

• • Reverse link - QPSK and 8PSK.

32. EVDO Rev B

• Combine up to fifteen 1.25MHz carriers (20MHz) in forward and/or reverse link. Carriers not physically combined and not adjacent to each other.

• Data rate:

• • Forward link = 3.1Mbps*15channels = 47Mbps.

• • Reverse link = 1.8Mbps*15channels = 27Mbps.

• Encoding technique 64QAM. Uplink data rate increases from 3.1Mbps to 4.9Mbps per channel. Thus, Data rate:

• • Forward link = 4.9Mbps*15channels = 74Mbps.

• Only software updation required.

33.

• 0G

• 1G technologies

• 2G technologies

• Circuit and Packet Switching.

• 3GPP & 3GPP2

• Services offered by 3G

• Deployment Problems

• 3G in India & its delay

• 4G

Transition 2.5G technologies 2.75G technologies 3G technologies An interim 3.5G of 4G 34. Multi Player Gaming Location Based Services Video Services Instant Messaging 35. 36. 37. PROBLEMS DEPLOYMENT 38. ArgentinaEstoniaKyrgyzstanSloveniaAustraliaFinlandMalaysiaSouth KoreaAustriaFranceMauritiusSouth AfricaAzerbaijanGeorgiaMexicoSpainBahrainGermanyMoldovaSri LankaBelarusGreeceNetherlandsSwedenBelgiumGuatemalaNew ZealandTaiwanBermudaHong KongNicaraguaTajikistanBrazilHungaryNigeriaThailandCanadaIcelandNorwayUkraineChileIndiaPakistanU A E ChinaIndonesiaPanamaUnited KingdomColombiaIrelandPeruUnited StatesCyprusIsraelPolandUzbekistanCzech RepublicItalyPortugalVenezuelaDenmarkJamaicaRomaniaVietnamDominicanJapanRussiaVenezuelaEcuadorKazakhstanSingaporeVietnam 39. 3GINDIA in 40. Where are we ? Out in Market 41. 4G 42. Summary G Technology Data Rates 1 Analog Typical 2.4 Kbps;max 22 Kbps 2 Digital TDMA, CDMA 9.6 - 14.4 Kbps (circuit data) 2.5 GPRS mux packets invoice timeslots 15 - 40 Kbps 3 Improved modulation,using CDMA variants 50 144 Kbps (1xRTT);200 384 Kbps