Evolution of Telecommunicat ion Rohan Sripad Prasanna Raghavan P
Nov 29, 2014
Evolution of Telecommunication
Rohan Sripad
Prasanna Raghavan P
0G1G technologies2G technologiesCircuit and Packet Switching.3GPP & 3GPP2
Services offered by 3GDeployment Problems3G in India & its delay4G
Transition
2.5G technologies
2.75G technologies
3G technologies
An interim 3.5G
0G
1G technologies
2G technologies
Circuit and Packet Switching.
3GPP & 3GPP2
Services offered by 3G
Deployment Problems
3G in India & its delay
4G
Transition
2.5G technologies
2.75G technologies
3G technologies
An interim 3.5G
0G1G technologies2G technologiesCircuit and Packet Switching.3GPP & 3GPP2
Services offered by 3GDeployment Problems3G in India & its delay4G
Transition
2.5G technologies
2.75G technologies
3G technologies
An interim 3.5G
ORIGIN of Wireless Communication
1895-1901
Guglielmo MarconiDemonstrates wireless communications over increasing distances
1864
James MaxwellPredicts existence of radio
waves.
1886
Rudolph HertzDemonstrates radio waves.
0G
1924
1GAMPS TACS
NMT
1980s Analog Voice
Typical 2.4 Kbps
1G• Advanced Mobile Phone Services (AMPS)
– Deployed in US , Japan : 1983
• Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT)– Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland : 1981
• Total Access Communication System (TACS)– British System, similar to AMPS : 1985
2GGSM CDMA
TDMA
1990s Digital Voice
9.6 - 14.4 Kbps (circuit data)
2G – GSM• Global system for Mobile
– Based on TDMA ; Europe
– 900 Mhz, 1800 Mhz.
– Later 850 Mhz and 1900 Mhz in Americas
– Quad Band ; World Phones
2G - CDMA• Code Division Multiple Access
– cdmaOne or IS-95
– All users use same freq band ; 800 Mhz
– Major success in Korea, Used by Verizon and Sprint
– Easy Migration to 3G
Circuit Switching
A private road all for yourself
Dedicated end to end connection
Packet Switching
Divided packets can take different paths and times
A shared highway
3GPP
GPRS
EDGE LTE
WCDMA HSPA1.92 Mbps
14 Mbps
384 Kbps
114 Kbps
100 Mbps
3GPP2
1xRTT
EV-DO UMB(abandoned 2008 Nov & favoring LTE)
114 Kbps
2.4 Mbps 288 Mbps
0G
1G technologies
2G technologies
Circuit and Packet Switching.
3GPP & 3GPP2
Services offered by 3G
Deployment Problems
3G in India & its delay
4G
Transition
2.5G technologies
2.75G technologies
3G technologies
An interim 3.5G
2.5GGPRS
2001
Packet Data
2.5G - GPRS• General Packet Radio Service - An Overlay
technology on top of the existing GSM systems.
• Data rate = 56 – 114Kbps.
• 4 MCS (Modulation and coding schemes) used.
• Factors affecting downlink/uplink speed:– TDMA slots– Multi-slot class– Channel Encoding used.
HSCSD• High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data.
• An enhancement to CSD – Multiple timeslots used.
• Data rates up to 38.4 Kbps (4 times CSD).– In reality supports 14.4Kbps.
• Expensive than CSD.
• Latency less that GPRS.
2.75GEDGE
2003 Packet Data
CDMA 1xRTT
EDGE
• EDGE (Enhanced Data rate for GSM)
• Superset of GPRS.
• Data rate = 4 times GPRS.
• 9 MCS (Modulation and coding schemes) used – Gaussian min shift keying and 8PSK.
Evolved EDGE
• Data rate = 1Mbps
• Encoding technique – 32QAM and 16QAM.
• Requires simple network enhancements with software update.
CDMA 1xRTT• 1x is an abbreviation of 1xRTT (1x Radio Transmission
Technology).1x refers to the no. of duplex radio channels.
• Supports 33-35 simultaneous voice calls per 1.25MHz.(cdmaOne = 20 voice calls)
• Encoding technique:– BPSK for forward and reverse link.
• Data Rate = 153 Kbps/153 Kbps.
• Software and minimum hardware update.
3GIMT2000
W-CDMA (UMTS)
CDMA2000
UMTS• UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunications
System. Also known as W-CDMA.
• W-CDMA uses the DS-CDMA and TDD channel access method with a pair of 5 MHz channels.
• Requires new cell towers & frequency allocations.
• Data rate = 1Mbps(theoritical)
• Frequency bands:– Uplink 1885-2025 MHz (mobile-to-base )– Downlink 2110-2200 MHz (base-to-mobile).
CDMA2000• EVDO Rel 0 (Evolution-Data Optimized or
Evolution-Data only Release 0)
• Data rates:– Forward link - 2.4Mbps.– Reverse link - 153kbps.
• Encoding technique:– Forward link – 16QAM.– Reverse link - BPSK.
3.5GEVDO-Rev A
HSDPA HSUPA
EVDO-Rev B
HSPA• High Speed Packet Access is a collection of two
mobile telephony protocols HSDPA and HSUPA.
• High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) – Data rates for Forward link - 14.4Mbps.– Encoding technique – QPSK and 16QAM
• High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) or EUL(Enhanced Uplink)– Data rates for Reverse link - 5.76Mbps.
• Just a software update for most WCDMA networks.
HSPA+• Evolved High Speed Packet Access (HSPA+)
• Data rates:– Forward link - 42Mbps.– Reverse link - 22Mbps.
• Encoding technique 64QAM.
EVDO Rev A• EVDO Rev A (Revision A)
• Also called as EV-DV (Evolution Data/Voice)
• Data rates:– Forward link - 3.1Mbps.– Reverse link - 1.8Mbps.
• Encoding technique:– Forward link – 16QAM.– Reverse link - QPSK and 8PSK.
EVDO Rev B• Combine up to fifteen 1.25MHz carriers (20MHz) in
forward and/or reverse link. Carriers not physically combined and not adjacent to each other.
• Data rate:– Forward link = 3.1Mbps*15channels = 47Mbps.– Reverse link = 1.8Mbps*15channels = 27Mbps.
• Encoding technique 64QAM. Uplink data rate increases from 3.1Mbps to 4.9Mbps per channel. Thus, Data rate:– Forward link = 4.9Mbps*15channels = 74Mbps.
• Only software updation required.
0G1G technologies2G technologiesCircuit and Packet Switching.3GPP & 3GPP2
Services offered by 3GDeployment Problems3G in India & its delay4G
Transition
2.5G technologies
2.75G technologies
3G technologies
An interim 3.5G of 4G
Multi Player Gaming
Location Based Services
Video Services
Instant Messaging
PROBLEMSDEPLOYMENT
Argentina Estonia Kyrgyzstan Slovenia
Australia Finland Malaysia South Korea
Austria France Mauritius South Africa
Azerbaijan Georgia Mexico Spain
Bahrain Germany Moldova Sri Lanka
Belarus Greece Netherlands Sweden
Belgium Guatemala New Zealand Taiwan
Bermuda Hong Kong Nicaragua Tajikistan
Brazil Hungary Nigeria Thailand
Canada Iceland Norway Ukraine
Chile India Pakistan U A E
China Indonesia Panama United Kingdom
Colombia Ireland Peru United States
Cyprus Israel Poland Uzbekistan
Czech Republic Italy Portugal Venezuela
Denmark Jamaica Romania Vietnam
Dominican Japan Russia Venezuela
Ecuador Kazakhstan Singapore Vietnam
3G INDIAin
Where are we ?
Out in Market…
4G
Summary
G Technology Data Rates
1 Analog Typical 2.4 Kbps; max 22 Kbps
2 Digital – TDMA, CDMA 9.6 - 14.4 Kbps (circuit data)
2.5 GPRS – mux packets in voice timeslots
15 - 40 Kbps
3 Improved modulation, using CDMA variants
50 – 144 Kbps (1xRTT); 200 – 384 Kbps (UMTS); 500 Kbps – 2.4 Mbps (EVDO)
3.5 More modulation tweaks 2–14 Mbps (HSPA)
4 New modulation (OFDMA); Multi-path (MIMO); All IP
LTE: >10 Mbps; eventual potential >100 Mbps