Impacts of Electric Vehicles Thomas E. Suggs, Jr. PE VP – Engineering Middle Tennessee EMC
Sep 11, 2014
Impacts of Electric Vehicles
Thomas E. Suggs, Jr. PEVP – EngineeringMiddle Tennessee EMC
Middle Tennessee EMC
185,000 meters
1314 MW Peak Demand
10,500 miles of 25KV line
Why Does MTEMC Care About EVs?
History Repeats Itself
Why Should You Care About EVs?
EVs are DEFINITELY coming!!
Recent headlines related to the coming of the electric vehicle.
Government wants instant rebate on Leaf
Government wants instant rebate on Leaf
Senators push for electric car bill
Government wants instant rebate on Leaf
Senators push for electric car bill Electric Car demand is Strong
Government wants instant rebate on Leaf
Senators push for electric car bill Electric Car demand is Strong Obama Raises U.S. Fuel Efficiency
Standard to 54.5 mpg
Government wants instant rebate on Leaf
Senators push for electric car bill Electric Car demand is Strong Obama Raises U.S. Fuel Efficiency
Standard to 54.5 mpg Tennessee Will Get Electric Car
Chargers at Cracker Barrel Restaurants
Well, not so fast……
More recent headlines related to electric vehicles
Americans say “no” to electric cars despite gas price
Americans say “no” to electric cars despite gas price
The negative impact of electric cars on the environment
Americans say “no” to electric cars despite gas price
The negative impact of electric cars on the environment
Electric car subsidies deserve negative vote
So, which is it?
So, which is it?
I don’t know.
So, which is it?
I don’t know. You probably don’t know either.
So, which is it?
I don’t know. You probably don’t know either. It will play out over the next few
years as the technology matures.
So, which is it?
I don’t know. You probably don’t know either. It will play out over the next few
years as the technology matures. Governmental priorities, gas prices,
cost of the vehicles, vehicle range will be some of the drivers
What DO we know?
Most, if not all, major automakers will have plug in electric vehicles in their lineup
What DO we know?
Most, if not all, major automakers will have plug in electric vehicles in their lineup
Electric vehicle charging infrastructure is being installed in many locations across the country, including the Tennessee Valley www.theevproject.com
What DO we know?
Most, if not all, major automakers will have plug in electric vehicles in their lineup
Electric vehicle charging infrastructure is being installed in many locations across the country, including the Tennessee Valley www.theevproject.com
Some of our customers will be among the early adopters of these new vehicles
What DON’T we know?
How many electric vehicles we will have connected to our systems
What DON’T we know?
How many electric vehicles we will have connected to our systems
What types of vehicles these will be
What DON’T we know?
How many electric vehicles we will have connected to our systems
What types of vehicles these will be Where these vehicles will be located
What DON’T we know?
How many electric vehicles we will have connected to our systems
What types of vehicles these will be Where these vehicles will be located Where and when the owners of these
vehicles will prefer to recharge
Just a Few Basics
Neighborhood Electric Vehicle (NEVs)
Fulfill many tasks especially in urban centers, campus environments, etc.
Range is typically 30 to 50 miles/charge. Speed limited by federal law to 25 mph,
can be driven on streets zoned up to 35 MPH.
No special recharging infrastructure required. Uses 110 outlet.
Plug In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV)
Utilize a lithium‐ion battery pack and electric motor to propel the vehicle on electricity for 10‐ 40 miles.
Uses 120 or 240 VAC outlet
When the Battery has exhausted its charge the vehicle will become a conventional hybrid!
Extended Range Electric Vehicles (EREV)
Capable of going in all electric mode for up to 40 miles
Back up gasoline generator to extend range 300+ miles
Example: Chevy Volt
Utilize a lithium‐ion battery pack but Engine only generates electricity, it is not connected to drive train. This differentiates it from a hybrid.
Battery Electric Vehicles (EV or BEV)
Operate only on batteries
Require inverter, converter & electronics similar to hybrids (No ICE!).
Example: Nissan’s LEAF
Cars Planned: Next 3 Years
PHEV or EREV All Electric
Cars In Concept/Design
PHEV or EREV All Electric
Basic Types of Electric Vehicles
1. HEV – Hybrid Electric Vehicle2. PHEV – Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle3. BEV – Battery Electric Vehicle
The ones we are concerned about are
numbers 2 and 3 - the ones with a cord.
Where will PEVs charge?
Charging Levels Compared to Gas Fueling
Level Electric Gasoline
1 AC Cord Set Gas Can
2 AC Charging Station Standard Pump
2DC Fast Charger NASCAR Quick Fill
Charging Level 1AC
120 volt, plugs into normal outlet
12 to 15 amps (<2KW)
Meets SAE J1772 standard
Up to 20 hours for full charge
Standard Connection
Charging Level 2AC
Capable of providing 19.2KW
Hardwired to electric supply
240 volt
Up to 8 hours for full charge
Standard Connections
Charging Level 2AC
Charging Levels 2DC
No standard connector Typically requires 480
volt, three phase service
50-60KW is a common size
Starting to see these along interstate corridors as well as at major retailers in some states
Charging in Murfreesboro
Charging in Murfreesboro
Charging in Murfreesboro
Charging in Murfreesboro
Charging in Murfreesboro
Charging in Murfreesboro
Charging – what is not consistent
Charging – what is not consistent
Charging – what is not consistent
Charging Locations
Home – most likely the majority of charging will take place here.
Charging Locations
Home Work
Will employers provide chargers? Is that “fair” to drivers of gas vehicles?
Charging Locations
Home Work Retail
Will retailers provide chargers? Will it be free to charge? If not, what will the business model look
like?
Charging Locations
Home Work Retail Public
Will cities, counties, states provide chargers?
Will it be free to charge?▪ Your tax dollars at work
If not, what will the business model look like?
So why bother?
Electric vehicles represent a new type of load for us – one that is mobile, temporary and that can stress or fail local infrastructure in small numbers.
So why bother?
Electric vehicles represent a new type of load for us – one that is mobile, temporary and that can stress or fail local infrastructure in small numbers.
We need to understand the impacts even one electric vehicle can have on our system and decide how we are going to address them going forward
A Mobile Load
This one load can be plugged in at multiple points on your distribution system. The charger can be used by multiple EVs
A Mobile Load
This one load can be plugged in at multiple points on your distribution system.
It can also be plugged in while inside another utility service area. Do we care about this?
A Mobile Load
This one load can be plugged in at multiple points on your distribution system.
It can also be plugged in while inside another utility service area. Do we care about this? Vehicle to grid (V2G) impacts – we would
likely want to know where the vehicle is located before we dispatched the energy in the battery.
A Temporary Load
People trade cars on a fairly regular basis. Wrecks, dissatisfaction, selling of a home, even divorce can create a “here today, gone tomorrow” situation.
A Temporary Load
People trade cars on a fairly regular basis. Wrecks, dissatisfaction, selling of a home, even divorce can create a “here today, gone tomorrow” situation. How does this impact your service
policies?
A Temporary Load
People trade cars on a fairly regular basis. Wrecks, dissatisfaction, selling of a home, even divorce can create a “here today, gone tomorrow” situation. How does this impact your service
policies?▪ Example - Will you upgrade a transformer and
service on the same basis as for the addition of more permanent load?
A Significant Load
The Nissan Leaf will require about 6.6KW for charging in a typical residential setup. Other models will have different charging requirements.
A Significant Load
The Nissan Leaf will require about 6.6KW for charging in a typical residential setup. Other models will have different charging requirements.
For MTEMC, this is equivalent to an additional home on the transformer.
The Purchasing Process
Buying a Non-Plug In Vehicle
Select Vehicle Sign papers Call Insurance Company
Buying a Plug In Vehicle
Select Vehicle Schedule Electrical Audit of Home
Are upgrades required? Where will EVSE be located?
Schedule EVSE installation Contract with electrician Permits, installation and inspections
Sign papers Call insurance company
What About Us?
Do we want to know when an electric vehicle and the associated EVSE shows up on our systems?
What About Us?
Do we want to know when an electric vehicle and the associated EVSE shows up on our systems?
How do we get notification?
What About Us?
Do we want to know when an electric vehicle and the associated EVSE shows up on our systems?
How do we get notification? Auto dealership
What About Us?
Do we want to know when an electric vehicle and the associated EVSE shows up on our systems?
How do we get notification? Auto dealership Customer
What About Us?
Do we want to know when an electric vehicle and the associated EVSE shows up on our systems?
How do we get notification? Auto dealership Customer Electrician
What About Us?
Do we want to know when an electric vehicle and the associated EVSE shows up on our systems?
How do we get notification? Auto dealership Customer Electrician Codes Departments
What About Us?
Do we want to know when an electric vehicle and the associated EVSE shows up on our systems?
How do we get notification? Auto dealership Customer Electrician Codes Departments EVSE manufacturer
What About Us?
Do we want to know when an electric vehicle and the associated EVSE shows up on our systems?
How do we get notification? Auto dealership Customer Electrician Codes Departments EVSE manufacturer Lowes?????
What About Us?
A consistent process of notification would be ideal, but as yet it does not exist.
What About Us?
A consistent process of notification would be ideal, but as yet it does not exist.
Education is the key – let the different groups know how important it is for the utility to be involved from the beginning.
What About Us?
A consistent process of notification would be ideal, but as yet it does not exist.
Education is the key – let the different groups know how important it is for the utility to be involved from the beginning.
We do not want to be seen as a roadblock to the early adoption of the new breed of electric vehicles
Electric Utility – Roadblock to Electric Vehicles?
Anything we require that results in additional cost to the vehicle purchaser will be scrutinized.
Electric Utility – Roadblock to Electric Vehicles?
Anything we require that results in additional cost to the vehicle purchaser will be scrutinized.
However, we must not lose sight of the impacts that subsidizing electric vehicles could have on the rest of our customer base.
Electric Utility – Roadblock to Electric Vehicles?
Anything we require that results in additional cost to the vehicle purchaser will be scrutinized.
However, we must not lose sight of the impacts that subsidizing electric vehicles could have on the rest of our customer base.
This will be a challenge, and there are already differences in the way TVPPA members are approaching this.
A Few Examples
Metering
Do we need to add a separate meter for the EVSE?
Metering
Do we need to add a separate meter for the EVSE? Who pays for the separate meter?▪ Separate EV rate▪ Data only
Metering
Do we need to add a separate meter for the EVSE? Who pays for the separate meter?▪ Separate EV rate▪ Data only
Most EVSE have internal metering, but usually not revenue metering accuracy
Metering
Do we need to add a separate meter for the EVSE? Who pays for the separate meter?▪ Separate EV rate▪ Data only
Most EVSE have internal metering, but usually not revenue metering accuracy
Fuel Tax issues
Metering Concerns
Location for Second Meter
Metering Concerns
Location for Second Meter EVSE is normally in garage, where is
existing meter?
Metering Concerns
Location for Second Meter EVSE is normally in garage, where is
existing meter? Is a second service required?
Metering Concerns
Location for Second Meter EVSE is normally in garage, where is
existing meter? Is a second service required? Is a second service allowed?
Metering Concerns
Location for Second Meter EVSE is normally in garage, where is
existing meter? Is a second service required? Is a second service allowed?
What if you require a separate meter but do not find out that a customer has an Electric Vehicle until after the electrician has installed the EVSE?
Metering Concerns
Commercial EVSE installations New Service – easiest scenario generally.
However, if the meter is set up on an EV only rate you must make certain that non-EV load does not get added to the service.
Metering Concerns
Commercial EVSE installations New Service Submeter
Metering Concerns
Commercial EVSE installations New Service Submeter▪ Complex billing calculations with different
rate schedules for main and submeter.
Metering Concerns
Commercial EVSE installations New Service Submeter▪ Complex billing calculations with different
rate schedules for main and submeter. ▪ EVSE are not high load factor loads and there
could be significant demand issues for the customer
Metering Concerns
Use the EVSE internal metering?
Metering Concerns
Use the EVSE internal metering? Ownership
Metering Concerns
Use the EVSE internal metering? Ownership Accuracy
Metering Concerns
Use the EVSE internal metering? Ownership Accuracy Testing
Metering Concerns
Use the EVSE internal metering? Ownership Accuracy Testing Access
Metering Concerns
Use the EVSE internal metering? Ownership Accuracy Testing Access Communication
Metering Concerns
Use the EVSE internal metering? Ownership Accuracy Testing Access Communication Maintenance / Repair
Rates
Rates
Separate EV – only Time-of-Use rate
Rates
Separate EV – only Time-of-Use rate Whole House Time-of-Use rate
Rates
Separate EV – only Time-of-Use rate Whole House Time-of-Use rate Existing Rates
Rates
Separate EV – only Time-of-Use rate Whole House Time-of-Use rate Existing Rates Interruptible Rates
GM / OnStar
Service Upgrades
What if the transformer serving the customer needs to be upgraded?
Service Upgrades
What if the transformer serving the customer needs to be upgraded? Do you charge the customer? This is new
load, but may not be there next month.
Service Upgrades
What if the transformer serving the customer needs to be upgraded? Do you charge the customer? This is new
load, but may not be there next month. What if the second Electric Vehicle on
the transformer triggers the upgrade? If you do charge, how do you explain to the customer, the dealer, etc.?
Service Upgrades
What if your first notice of an EVSE installation is when the customer calls in for an outage caused by failure of the transformer?
Service Upgrades
What if your first notice of an EVSE installation is when the customer calls in for an outage caused by failure of the transformer?
What if the first EV purchased is a Volt, then a year later it is traded in for a Leaf? Or a Tesla?
What Now?
Educate yourself on the differences in Electric Vehicles Your customers will be looking to you for
advice and answers Different types of electric vehicles will
have different impacts on the utility www.theevproject.com www.goelectricdrive.com www.tvafuelsolutions.com
What Now?
Educate your Board on the policy and rate issues associated with providing service to charge Electric Vehicles.
What Now?
Educate Others Talk to your members▪ website, newsletters, annual meeting, local
radio stations, etc.
What Now?
Educate Others Talk to your members▪ website, newsletters, annual meeting, local
radio stations, etc. Talk to your electricians
What Now?
Educate Others Talk to your members▪ website, newsletters, annual meeting, local
radio stations, etc. Talk to your electricians Talk to your codes or other local
authorities
What Now?
Educate Others Talk to your members▪ website, newsletters, annual meeting, local
radio stations, etc. Talk to your electricians Talk to your codes or other local
authorities Talk to your auto dealerships
Thank You!