European Renaissance and Reformation Unit 4 Chapter 17 (p.468-502)

European Renaissance European Renaissance and Reformationand Reformation

Unit 4Unit 4

Chapter 17 Chapter 17

(p.468-502)(p.468-502)

I. The RenaissanceI. The Renaissance

A.A. DescriptionDescriptionWhat? What? Revival of art and learningRevival of art and learning When? 1300-1600When? 1300-1600Where? ItalyWhere? ItalyWhy? Middle Ages brought plague and war, Why? Middle Ages brought plague and war,

the survivors wanted to celebrate life. the survivors wanted to celebrate life. Educated men and women hoped to Educated men and women hoped to bring back the culture of classical Greece bring back the culture of classical Greece and Rome. Led to NEW styles of art and and Rome. Led to NEW styles of art and lit. & the importance of the individuallit. & the importance of the individual

The Renaissance (cont’d)The Renaissance (cont’d)

B.B. Italy’s advantagesItaly’s advantages1.1. Thriving citiesThriving cities

Crusades spread trade which led to cities, Crusades spread trade which led to cities, especially in Northern Italy.especially in Northern Italy.

Ideal breeding ground for an intellectual Ideal breeding ground for an intellectual revolutionrevolution

Crusades killed 60% of those people. Crusades killed 60% of those people. Survivors could demand higher wages. Survivors could demand higher wages. Merchants pursued other interests=ARTMerchants pursued other interests=ART

The Renaissance (cont’d)The Renaissance (cont’d)

2.2. Wealthy Merchant ClassWealthy Merchant Class• Developed in each city-stateDeveloped in each city-state• b/c they were small, lots of people could b/c they were small, lots of people could

participate in political lifeparticipate in political life• Individual achievement became importantIndividual achievement became important• MediciMedici family ruled Florence family ruled Florence

Banking familyBanking family Ruled as dictators with appearance of being Ruled as dictators with appearance of being

a republica republic

The Renaissance (cont’d)The Renaissance (cont’d)

3.3. Heritage of Greece and RomeHeritage of Greece and Rome Wanted to Return to the learning of ancient Greece and Wanted to Return to the learning of ancient Greece and

RomeRome Drew inspiration from the ruins of RomeDrew inspiration from the ruins of Rome Studied ancient Latin manuscriptsStudied ancient Latin manuscripts Christian scholars had fled to Rome in 1453 with Greek Christian scholars had fled to Rome in 1453 with Greek

manuscripts when the Turks conquered Constantinoplemanuscripts when the Turks conquered Constantinople

The Renaissance (cont’d) The Renaissance (cont’d)

C.C. ValuesValues HumanismHumanism: focused on human : focused on human

potential and achievementspotential and achievements SecularSecular: worldly rather than spiritual: worldly rather than spiritual PatronsPatrons: financially supported artists: financially supported artists The Renaissance ManThe Renaissance Man: a man who : a man who

excelled in many fields (art, literature, excelled in many fields (art, literature, athletics, educated, etc.)athletics, educated, etc.)

The Renaissance WomanThe Renaissance Woman: upper class : upper class women were expected to be educated women were expected to be educated and charming as welland charming as well

II. Art RevolutionizesII. Art Revolutionizes

A.A. Styles ChangeStyles Change1.1. Perspective: 3-dPerspective: 3-d

2.2. Individuals emphasized; prominent Individuals emphasized; prominent people being painted (realistic looking)people being painted (realistic looking)

Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)

B.B. ArtistsArtists1.1. Leonardo da VinciLeonardo da Vinci

Painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientistPainter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist Mona LisaMona Lisa The Last SupperThe Last Supper

Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)

2.2. MichelangeloMichelangelo• Sculptor, poet, architect; realistic style to Sculptor, poet, architect; realistic style to

portray human bodyportray human body• Statue of DavidStatue of David• Sistine ChapelSistine Chapel

Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)

3.3. RaphaelRaphael Learned from Michelangelo and LeonardoLearned from Michelangelo and Leonardo School of AthensSchool of Athens Painted Mic, Leo, and himselfPainted Mic, Leo, and himself

Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)

4.4. Anguissola and GentileschiAnguissola and Gentileschi Famous women paintersFamous women painters

Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)Art Revolutionizes (cont’d)

C.C. Literature changesLiterature changes1.1. Vernacular: native Vernacular: native

languagelanguage

2.2. MachiavelliMachiavelli: famous : famous author, author, The PrinceThe Prince

Imperfect conduct of Imperfect conduct of peoplepeople

Most are selfish, Most are selfish, fickle, and corruptfickle, and corrupt

Prince must be Prince must be strong and shrewdstrong and shrewd

III. Northern RenaissanceIII. Northern Renaissance

A.A. Renaissance Renaissance Spreads NorthSpreads North

1494, French king 1494, French king claimed throne in claimed throne in Naples, war Naples, war erupts.erupts.

Renaissance Renaissance writers and artists writers and artists fled North and fled North and took their ideas took their ideas with themwith them

Northern Renaissance (cont’d)Northern Renaissance (cont’d)

1.1. France: France: da Vinci invited to retire in France and da Vinci invited to retire in France and

hired to paint king’s palacehired to paint king’s palace

2.2. Germany:Germany: Hans Holbein paints portraits with picture Hans Holbein paints portraits with picture

like qualitylike quality

3.3. Flanders:Flanders: Starts oil-based painting still used today; Starts oil-based painting still used today;

portrayed everyday peasant life including portrayed everyday peasant life including weddings, dances, and harvestsweddings, dances, and harvests

Northern Renaissance (cont’d)Northern Renaissance (cont’d)

B.B. Northern writers try to reform Northern writers try to reform societysociety

1.1. Christian Humanists: Christian Humanists: • wanted to reform society; encourage people to wanted to reform society; encourage people to

live a Christian lifelive a Christian life• Promoted the education of women and founded Promoted the education of women and founded

schools attended by both girls and boysschools attended by both girls and boys• Thomas More: Thomas More: UtopiaUtopia; ; tried to show a better tried to show a better

model of societymodel of society

Northern Renaissance (cont’d)Northern Renaissance (cont’d)

2.2. Women’s reformsWomen’s reforms Christine de Pizan; very educated for the Christine de Pizan; very educated for the

time; wrote books, manuscripts, short time; wrote books, manuscripts, short stories and questioned treatment of boys stories and questioned treatment of boys and girlsand girls

IV. Elizabethan AgeIV. Elizabethan Age

What? Renaissance in What? Renaissance in EnglandEngland

Queen Elizabeth Queen Elizabeth reigned 1558-1603reigned 1558-1603

Very well educated, Very well educated, spoke French, spoke French, Italian, Latin, Greek; Italian, Latin, Greek; wrote poetry and wrote poetry and musicmusic

Huge supporter of Huge supporter of art and litart and lit

Northern Renaissance (cont’d)Northern Renaissance (cont’d)

William Shakespeare: most famous William Shakespeare: most famous writer of Elizabethan Agewriter of Elizabethan Age

Regarded as greatest playwright of all timeRegarded as greatest playwright of all time Works display masterful command of the Works display masterful command of the

English language and a deep understanding of English language and a deep understanding of human naturehuman nature

Macbeth, Othello, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, Macbeth, Othello, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, A Midsummer’s Night DreamA Midsummer’s Night Dream

V. Printing PressV. Printing Press

Johann GutenburgJohann Gutenburg• 1440; developed printing press 1440; developed printing press

that incorporated new technologies; that incorporated new technologies; made it possible to produce books made it possible to produce books quickly and cheaplyquickly and cheaply

• Produce hundreds of copiesProduce hundreds of copies• Went from producing 1 book in 5 Went from producing 1 book in 5

months, to producing 500 books in 5 months, to producing 500 books in 5 monthsmonths

• Perhaps the most important invention of Perhaps the most important invention of all time!!all time!!

Legacy of the RenaissanceLegacy of the Renaissance Changes in ArtChanges in Art

• Drew on techniques Drew on techniques from Greece and Romefrom Greece and Rome

• more realisticmore realistic• Writers used vernacularWriters used vernacular• Praised individual Praised individual

achievementachievement

Changes in SocietyChanges in Society

• Printing made more info Printing made more info available for societyavailable for society

• Increased desire to Increased desire to learnlearn

• New maps & charts New maps & charts further discoveriesfurther discoveries

• Made laws clear so Made laws clear so people able to people able to understand rightsunderstand rights

• Christian humanists Christian humanists changed views on how changed views on how society should besociety should be

• People begin to People begin to question political question political structures and religious structures and religious practicespractices