Etymology of Dog, Canis, svan, wolf, fox

Etymology of Dog family names in Indo European languages from Tamil"Dog" is the common use term that refers to members of the subspecies Canis lupus familiaris (canis, "dog"; lupus, "wolf"; familiaris, "of a household" or "domestic"). The term can also be used to refer to a wider range of related species, such as the members of the genus Canis, or "true dogs", including the wolf, coyote, and jackals, or it can refer to the members of the tribe Canini, which would also include the African wild dog, or it can be used to refer to any member of the family Canidae, which would also include the foxes, bush dog, raccoon dog, and others. Some members of the family have "dog" in their common names, such as the raccoon dog and the African wild dog. ( ayaam) [Water] -> ( agaam)-> ( egaam) -> egiam n. 1. Otter; (.) 2. Dog; . (.)

egiam -> egia n. Dog; . (.) ( agaam)-> ( aga)-> akka n. Dog; . ( ) The word akka has actually denoted Otter; only. However it has later denoted dog wrongly. Compare: udram [Sanskrit] -> Water -> udra [Sanskrit]. A kind of aquatic animal. udra [Sanskrit] -> urdra [Sanskrit] An otter Irish names for the otter mean water dog or hound, but the otter is actually the largest member of the mustelid family.

The giant otter has a handful of other names. River wolf (Spanish: lobo de ro) and water dog (Spanish: perro de agua) are used. Of the more than a dozen otter species in the world (all members of the

Subfamily Lutrinae), the Giant Otter is the largest and rarest. It only lives in South America, and is only one of two otters recorded in Iwokrama Forest. The other much more common species, the Neotropical River Otter (Lontra longicaudis) lives in both Central and South America. Otters share the Family

Mustelidae with skunks, weasels, badgers, among others. Their curious nature, ravenous appetite, affinityfor humans, and size are probably the reasons why these aquatic creatures are known as "water dogs". akka n. Dog; . (.) akka (dog) -> nakka n. [Telugu. nakka. Kannada. nakke.] Fox; . (W.) Originally the word nakka would have denoted dog only. Later the word nakka has denoted fox in the dog family. Therefore from the word nakka, following word was evolved to denote dog only to distinguish fox and dog. nakka -> nayakka n. Dog; .

We may compare the words akka & nakka denoting dog and fox with the English Word Fox and the Tamil Word pgi . They have given the reason that the bushy tail is also the source of words for "fox" in Welsh (llwynog, from llwyn "bush"); Sp. (raposa, from rabo "tail"); Lith. (uodegis "fox," from uodega "tail"). Compare: ha & ha [Sanskrit] 1 An imitative sound.-2 A large drum.-3 A dog's tail.-4 A dog.-5 A serpent ta & ta [Sanskrit] 1 A tail.-2 The tail of a jackal. Fox uses its tail for its food. The fox allows its tail to get into the hole. When the crabs get hold of the fox's

tail, thinking that it is their food, the fox draws its tail out and seizes the crabs. For that reason it has acquired its name from the word denoting tail.

Actually the word fox is derived from the Tamil word pgi which however denotes dog. It is pertinent to note that fox is included in the dog family only. pakkam n. 1. Side; . (. . 5, 5, 5). 2. Neighbourhood, nearness; . (.) 3. Place; . (, 620). 4. Country, region; . 5. House; . (. .) 6. Side of the body extending from the shoulder to the hip; . 7. Wing, feather; . (. 21, 31). 8. Wing of the arrow; . (. .) 9. Tail; . (. .) 10. Affection, friendship; . (.) 11. Love, kindness; . (. .) 12. Relation; . (. 18). 13. Family; . (. .) 14. Army; . (.

. 40). 15. Royal elephant; . (. .) 16. Lunar fortnight; . (. . 2). 17. Lunar day; . (.) 18. Portion, section; . (. . 75). 19. Page; . 20. Treatise; . (. . 41). 21. Theory; opinion; . Colloq. 22. (Log.) Proposition to be proved; . (.29, 59.) 23. (Log.) Minor term in a syllogism; . (. . , 9). 24. Necessary assumption. See . (. .) 25. State, quality; . (, 258). 26. Ornament for the hand; . (. .) 27. Greyness of the hair; . (. .) pakkam -> pgam n. Side, place; . pgam -> ; pgi n. Dog; . (W.) ; pgi -> psi n. Dog; . (.) The words denoting dog including fox and wolf are formed from the words denoting squat, hanging hairy tails. pgi-> Fox [English]; vohs [Old Saxon]; Vos [Middle Dutch]. Dutch; fuhs [Old High German];. Fuchs [German], foa [Old Norse] Fauho [Gothic].

Etymology: Dog as a sitting animal.

Sitting position of dog kuttu v. To sit, squat; . kutta vai, To sit or lie with bent legs , inf. To sit or lie with bent legs; [ex .] kuni kuttu To sit, squat ( ). kuttu-> kutro dog, kutr bitch ; [Gujarati] kuttu -> kutra [Marathi] dog kuttu-> kutt. dog, kutt [Hindi]. bitch

kuttu -> kutt [Punjabi] dog kut'a [Russian (dial.)] puppy, whelp kuts(ikas) [Estonian] dog. kut'a, kut'u [Mordvin] dog. kutya [Hungarian] dog. kuttu -> kundu n. (W.) 1. Sitting on the heels, squatting; .2. Pial or raised floor of a verandah used as a seat; .3. Hopping; . - kundu- , 5 v. intr. 1. To sit on the heels with legs folded upright; .2. [Kannada. kuntu.] To sit, squat; .3. [Malayalam. kuntu.] To stand on tiptoe; . . .(199). 4. To hop on one leg; . . .( 348). 5. To bend, as a bow; . . .( 56). kundu-> Hound [English], honde [Middle English] hund [Old English] , hn [West Frisian], hond [Dutch], Hund [German], hund [Danish], Hond [Afrikaans], hunt [Estonian], hundur [Faroese], hundur [Icelandic], hund [Norwegian], hund [Swedish], hn [West Frisian], hunt [ Yiddish]. kion (wolf), [Udmurt ], Tocharian A ku, obl. kon (male) dog, Estonian hunt wolf. Greek kyon

- kukku- v. intr. [Kannada. kukkarisu.] To sit on one's legs, squat; . (W.) - kukku -> kukkal n. [Telugu.kukka.] dog . (.) (.). - kuku-> kukkar n. [Telugu.kukka.] Contemptible or despicable persons of low birth, as a dog; . (. 39). , - kuku-> kukkura n. Dog; . (. .) kukkura -> kukkura [Sanskrit], A dog; kukkur [Sanskrit], bitch kukkura -> kukura [Sanskrit] A dog (also kukkura -> kkura [Sanskrit] A dog (also kukkura -> kurkura [Sanskrit] A dog (also - kukku -> kukka n. ).( . - kukku -> kokku n. A stork, a crane, a paddy bird, . 2. The mango tree, . 3. A horse, . 4. The 19th lunar asterism; (See .) 5. A ferocious animal; the wolf, . kokku-> kgam n. 1. Ruddy shield-rake. . (. . 247). 2. A species of wolf; . 3. Frog; .

kgam-> kka [Sanskrit] 1 A wolf; -2 The ruddy goose -3 A cuckoo -4 A frog. -5 N. of Viu. -6 A wild lizard. -7 A wild date tree. kokku-> kkaa [Sanskrit] The Indian fox. The word fox is derived so because fox and wolf are in the same dog family. The maned wolf

(Chrysocyon brachyurus) is the largest canid of South America, resembling a large fox with reddish fur. It is locally known as aguar guaz (meaning "large fox" in the Guarani language)

Etymology : as a howling animal. u -> - ulau- v. intr. -. To howl, scream; to babble, as in a rapture; . (. 5, 22). u -> ululi [Vedic Sanskrit] Howling, a howl; an outcry indicative of prosperity; u -> - uai- v. intr. [M. ua.] 1. To ache or suffer pain in the limbs, as from weariness, cold, rheumatism; . . 2. To suffer griping pain, as with dysentery; . 3. To travail; . 4. To suffer in mind, to be in distress; to touch deeply; . (. .10). 5. To perish; to be destroyed; . (. 570, 8). 6. To be defeated, vanquished; .. 7. To disperse, scatter; to be diffused; . (.41, 25). 8. To howl, as a jackal; . (. 113). - uai- v. intr. 1. To sound, roar; . (. . 45). 2. To howl, as a jackal; . (.6, 111). 3. To give forth a sound, as a y; . (.)--tr. To call, invite; . (.) uai n. 1. Sound; . (.) 2. High tone of voice; . (.) 3. Weeping; . (. . 638). u -> ( ) -> ai n. [Telugu.a, Kannada. , Malayala. i.] Howl of a dog or jackal, bleat of a sheep when diseased; cry of a person in anguish, applied contemptuously; . (. . 617). ai -> a n. [M. an.] Jackal, fox; . (.) a -> a n. Jackal; . (. .) u -> uaippu-> Vulpis [Latin] fox Aromanian: vulpe Catalan: volp, volpell, volpitz Dalmatian: bualp, vualp Middle French: goupil Friulian: volp Galician: golpe Italian: volpe Ladin: volp Occitan: volp, volpilh Romanian: vulpe Romansch: vulp, vualp Sicilian: vurpi

In Sanskrit, l means house or abode. Jackal was called as lmga house animal, and dog, wolf etc are called as lvka house wolf. l [Sanskrit] 1 An apartment, a room, saloon, hall; -2 A house, an abode; -4 The trunk of a tree. -5 A stable, stall; -6 A pavilion erected for making gifts; lmga [Sanskrit] a jackal. lvka [Sanskrit] 1 a dog; Bv.1.72. -2 a wolf. -3 a deer. -4 a cat. -5 a jackal. -6 a monkey.

The word vka also denotes not only wolf but jackal and hyena also.

vka [Sanskrit] 1 A wolf;.-2 A hyena.-3 A jackal. -4 A crow.-5 An owl.-6 A robber.-7 A Katriya. -8 Turpentine.

The genetic analysis of early domestic dogs and wolves emphasises the great resemblance between these two animals. The lexical blurring of different canids is illustratively seen in the way certain words for jackal and fox in some Indo-European languages have evolved by means of extending the root variant for wolf . A similar intertwining between dog and wolf is common in several Indo-European branches as well (Gamkrelidze & Ivanov 1995: 432433, 505, Pokorny 1959: 1179). An illustrative example is Estonian hunt wolf < Middle Low German hunt dog. The etymological background of wolf in various Finno-Ugric languages emphasises the importance of language contacts, especially the borrowing of Indo-European words that took on the meaning wolf in Finno-Ugric. In many cases the Indo-European word originally meant something other than wolf. In some case such as Finnish susi (Finnic) the original meaning of the Finno-Ugric wolf in Indo- European was dog.

Members of the canine family (Canidae) are called canids and include 34 species of dogs, wolves, jackals, foxes, coyotes, and primitive (wild) dogs. Canids are widely distributed, occurring on all continents except Antarctica. African Wild Dog Photographed in the Okavango, Botswana Photo: Peter Malsbury *Taxonomy* Canids are further subdivided into two major tribes or clades: the Canini (dog-like canids) and Vulpini (fox-like canids). The Vulpini tribe includes most Foxes (i.e. those of the Genus Vulpes) and the Racoon dog. The Canini tribe includes wolves, dogs, jackals, Bush dogs, Dholes and also some foxes (i.e. those of the Genus Pseudalopex and Cerdocyon). Molecular analysis, however, indicates 4 divisions of canids: 1. Wolf-like canids including the domestic dog, dingoes, gray wolves,

coyotes, and jackals, which all have 78 chromosomes arranged in 39 pairs. 2. The South American canids 3. Old and New World red fox-like canids, such as red foxes and kit foxes 4. Monotypic species, for example, bat-eared fox and raccoon dog.

Canid Phylogeny Because of hairy tails which are hanging, people has named dog, jackal and wolf including peacock.

- togu- v. intr. [Kannada. togu, Malayalam. tokuka.] 1. To hang, to be suspended, to hang down, dangle; .

- togu -> togal n. 1. Hanging; . (. 661). 2. [K.

togal, M. toal.] Anything pendent, hangings; . (. 34, .) 3. Pendentpart of an ornament; . (.) 4. An ear-ornament; . (. .) 5. Outer end of a woman's cloth either hanging or brought round the neck; end of a man's cloth thrown over the shoulder; . (W.) 6. Decorative hangings, as of cloth; festoons; . (.. 78). 7. Thick garland; . (. 2656). 8. A mode of dressing woman's hair, one of

aim-pl, q. v.; . (.) 9. Man's hair; . (.) 10. Tail of apeacock; . (.) 11. Peacock's feathers, as arranged for a fan or a parasol; . (.) 12. White umbrella, as an emblem of royalty; . (.) (. 871). 13. Insignia of royalty; , , . (, 57). 14. Cloth spread above the water-pots while carrying water to wash a corpse; . (. . 2, 95). 15. Any undigested matter sticking to the bowels; . 16. Anything sticking and hanging ready to fall; . (J.) 17. Projection, cape, headland; . (W.) 18. Street corner, end of a street, extremity; . . (W.) 19. Cloth worn as upper garment by women; . (. .) 20. Going in advance; . (. .) 21. Clasp of an ornament; . (. .) 22. Shortage; . . Loc. 23. Helplessness; . .

Colloq. 24. Dependence; .

- togu -> tgai n. 1. [Telugu. Malayalam. tka, Kannada. Tulu. tk.] Tail of a peacock; . (.) 2. Peacock; . (. 346). 3. Woman; . (. . 10). 4. Feather, plumage; . (.) 5. Tail of an animal; . (.) (.6). 6. Cloth for wear, garment; . ( . 41, 14). 7. Front end of a cloth; . (.) 8. Plaited folds of a woman's cloth; . (. 1320). 9. Sheath, as of sugarcane, of a plantain stem; . (. 168). (. . 2, 18). 10. Long flag, streamer, banner; . (.) 11. Anything hanging down, as a flag, as woman's hair; ( .W.) 12. Hollow head of a palmyra root; ( .W.) 13. Foreskin, prepuce; ( .J.) 14. Women's hair; ). .( . 15. A kind of fish; . ( . .15). tgai -> English Dog (having hanging tail), Old English. docga, French. dogue (16c.), Danish. dogge

The gray wolf, or simply the wolf is the largest wild member of the Canidae family. The dog is the domesticated form of the gray wolf. Genetic drift studies and DNA sequencing confirm that domestic dog shares a common ancestry with the gray wolf. Eurasia and North America used to hold most of the worlds wolf population but the numbers have begun to dwindle due to human encroachment. Dogs are commonly seen in any place that is inhabited by people. For that reason, dogs and wolves were named in Tamil with the word or from the word ny denoting dog.

karu-ny n. Wolf; . (. . 8). kuatti n. Wolf; . Pond. kuatti-ny n. A kind of dog; . Pond. k-ny n. Wolf. . (. 292). k-ny -> ky n. (W.) 1. Indian wolf. . 2. Male jackal; . k-ny -> ny , n. [M. ny.] Indian wolf, Canis pallipes; . The dictionary of Skolt and Kola Saamic languages by T. I. Itkonen (1958) provides an illustrative list of the wide range of euphemisms that are used to avoid a direct reference to wolf. In Saami folk tradition it was believed that one should use only a metonym for a wild beast (wolf and bear), especially on a hunt. The reindeer owners hoped to keep a wolf away from their heards by purposely not mentioning of its name (T.I.Itkonen 1948: 362). The list of meanings contains such expressions as lean guy, thin tail, the dog of God (see, T.I.Itkonen 1948: 366367), the one on the road, the one living outside etc. and use euphemisms instead. A euphemism may in turn change into a taboo word. Those metonyms that have been used in different Mansi and Khanty dialects include such expressions as reindeer-biting-animal(man), tooth-animal (Munkcsi 1986: 482, 483, 520, 690), carcase-animal, hairy and the one who lives on the swamp (Karjalainen 1948: 634). Some of the metaphors describe the appearance of the wolf as hairy, toothanimal or lean (one), but extrinsic expressions that emphasise some its behavioural features are at least as frequent.

uai n. 1. Sound; . (.) 2. High tone of voice; . (.) 3. Weeping; . (. . 638). ;- uai- 11 v. intr. 1. To sound, roar; . (. . 45). 2. To howl, as a jackal; . (. 6, 111). 3. To give forth a sound, as a y; . (.)--tr. To call, invite; . (.) uaippu n 1. Invitation ; 2. Sound ; 3. Pain ; 4. Body pain .

uaippu-> Wolf [English], wulf [Old English], wulf [Old Saxon], ulfr [Old Norse], wolf [Old Frisian, Dutch, Old High German, German], wulfs [Gothic]

Usage of wolf in the Germanic region

Turkey Region ()- nl- v. intr. 1. To hang, swing; to be suspended, hung up; . (. . 1, 18). 2. To hang oneself; . (. 2513).

()- nl -> vl n. 1. Tail; . (, 213). 2. Anything long or elongated; . 3. Mischievous person; --. 4. Mischief; . Loc. vl -> vlam n. 1. Tail; . (. . 14). 2. Hair of head; . (W.) 3. Long, narrow strip; . 4. Rags, tatters; . (J.) Compare: kai n. 1. Woman's hair; . (. . 262). 2. Feathers, plumage; . (.) 3. Peacock's tail; . (.) 4. Tail; . (. 89, 18). 5. Middle, centre; . (.) vlam -> vra [Vedic Sanskrit]. A tail. vlam -> [Sanskrit] A tail. vlam -> vlagam n. Tail; . (W.) vlam -> bla [Sanskrit] 1 tail. -2. An elephant's or a horse's tail. -3 Hair vlagam-> blaka [Sanskrit] 1. The tail of a horse or elephant. -2 Hair.

Scottish Gaelic - faolAlbanian ulk; "wolf;" Old Church Slavonic vluku; "wolf;" Russian volcica; "wolf;" Lithuanian vilkas "wolf;"

Lettish - vilks Breton bleiz Cornish bleydh Tocharian B walkwe Polish - wilk vlagam -> ( vragam)-> ( varagam) -> varugam n. (. .) 1. Peacock's feather; . 2. Leaf; . varugam-> verugam n. The under side of tail; . (.) verugam-> virugam n. 1. A kind of wild dog; . (. . 83). (.) 2. a beast, ; 3. a wolf, ; 4. a jackal, ; 5. a crow, . Old English wearg, wearh Old Saxon warag, Old Norse vargr (outlaw, wolf)

(Swedish varg (wolf)). Middle Dutch: werch, warch Dutch (chiefly in southern dialect, and occassionaly in northern dialect): warg Old High German: warg Icelandic: vargur Faroese: vargur Elfdalian: warg Danish: varg

Svenska - vargEstonian: varas Finnish: varas Karelian: varas Persian gorg

Baluchi - gurkAvestan vehrka-;

Bashkir bre Tatar bre Chagatai bri Chechen borz Ingush borz Moksha vgazOld Persian Varkana- "Hyrcania," In the Avestan Book of Vendidad's list of nations, the ninth nation listed is Khnentem Vehrkano, shortened as Vehrkana. The Achaemenian Old Persian version of the name is Varkana (thought to mean land of the wolves) which the Greeks wrote as Hyrcania. Later in history, the region came to be known of the Gorgan region of Mazandaran Province. Gorg in Persian means wolf. Today, Gorgan is a separate province of Iran called Golestan. In Norse mythology, a vargr is a wolf and in particular refers to the wolf Fenrir and his sons Skll and Hati. Based on this, J. R. R. Tolkien in his fiction used the Old English form warg (other O.E. forms being wearg & wearh) to refer to a wolf-like creature of a particularly evil kind. In Old Norse, vargr denotes "wolf"

varugam-> barha & barham [Sanskrit] 1 A peacock's tail; -2 The tail of a bird. -3 A tailfeather (especially of a peacock); 4 A leaf. -5 A train, retinue. barhaam [Sanskrit] A leaf. barhi [Sanskrit] 1. Fire. -2. The Kua grass. barhia & varhia [Sanskrit] a. Adorned with peacock's feathers. barhia [Sanskrit] peacock; barhin & m. A peacock; R.16.64; virugam -> vka [Sanskrit] 1 A wolf;.-2 A hyena.-3 A jackal. -4 A crow.-5 An owl.-6 A robber.-7 A Katriya. vk & bk [hindi] a wolf. ()- nl -> ( nli) -> ( ni) -> ( nyi) -> ny n. [Kannada. Malayalam. Tulu. ny.] 1. Dog; . (. . 563). 2. Game-pieces, used in dice; . (. 52). 3. The sign of the regent of the southwest, . 3. Conical pieces in the play of chess or ticklack, . ()- nl -> n n. 1. Tongue; . (, 127). 2. Word; . (. 316). 3. Middle, centre; . (.) 4. Index of a balance; . ( .5. Clapper of a bell; . (. 20, 53). 6. Flame-tongue; . . (.) 7. Bolt of a lock; . (W.) 8. Wards of a key; . (W.) 9. Mouthpiece of a music-pipe; . (W.) 10. Neighbourhood; . (. .) 11. Splendour; . (. .). n -> nvu n. Tongue; .

Compare: - togu (hanging)-> Tongue [English] tunge [old English] organ of speech, speech, language," tunga [Old Saxon, Old Norse], tunge [Old Frisian], tonghe [Middle Dutch], tong[Dutch], zunga Old High German., Zunge [German], tuggo [Gothic]. Dog is named so because of its hanging tongue and tail. ( nyi) -> ni n. Dog . (. . 58, .) ( nli) -> ni n. Dog; . (. .) ()- nl -> ()- l- v. intr. 1. [T. vlu, K. jl, M. luga.] To hang; . (. 140). 2. To decline, descend, as the sun; . (. 82, 2). ()- l-> ( li) -> i n. 1. Dog; . (. 122). ( li) -> amali n. 1. Dog; . (. 140). 2. [Telugu.nemali, K. navil.] Peacock; . (.) i -> ( ai)-> ( aai)-> eai n. Dog; . (. . 400, .) Similarly the word denoting peacock was derived in Tamil. mayir n. 1. Hair of human beings or animals; fur, fleece; . (, 964). 2. Down of birds; . (W.) 3. Tail of the yak; . (. . 5, 5). mayir -> mayil n. [Malayalam. mayil, Tulu. mair.] 1. Peacock, peafowl, Pavo cristatus; . (. 116). 2. Peacock's crest. , 1. 3. False peacock's-foot tree. . (.) 4. Peacock position . (. 107). mayil -> mayilam n. 1. Peacock- feather; . (. .) 2. A shrine sacred to Skanda in the South Arcot District; . mayil -> ( mail) -> ( mai) -> ( maai) -> maai n. Peacock; . (. 13). mayir -> ( mayiri) -> ( mayri) -> mayram n. 1. Peacock; . (.) . . . (.70). 2. Peacock position . 3. Peacock gait . 4. Peacock's crest. , 1, 2. (.) 5. False peacock's foot tree. . (L.) 6. A plant growing in hedges and thickets. . (.) 7. Black henbane, Hyoscianus niger; . (. .) ( mayri) -> mri n. Peacock; ( ., 1, .) mayram-> mayra [Sanskrit] 1 A peacock; -2 A kind of flower. -3 N. of a poet (author of the ); -4 A kind of instrument for measuring time. -5 (In music) A kind of gait. mayr [Sanskrit] A pea-hen;

mayram [Sanskrit] A particular posture in sitting. mayraka [Sanskrit] 1 A peacock.-2 A cock's comb maruka [Sanskrit] 1 A peacock.-2 A deer, antelope. mra[Sanskrit] A peacock. ul -> - uri- v. [M. uri.] intr. To peel, as skin, bark; .--tr. 1. To strip off, as clothes; to divest; . (.1011, 10). 2. To deprive of, rob; . . Colloq. - uri- 11 v. tr. caus. of -. [Telugu.olutsu, K. uricu, M. uri.] To slough off, as a serpent its skin; to flay, excoriate; to strip off, as bark; . (. . 127). - uri-> ( urimam)-> ( urumam)-> urmam n. 1. Hair on the body of men or of animals; down of birds; . (.) 2. Hair; . Colloq. Compare: il -> - ii- 4 v. tr. 1. To pluck; . (. 1241). 2. To strip off; . (.)--intr. To become low-spirited because of being ridiculed by others; . (. .. 253, .) il -> ilavam n. 1. (Jaina.) A measure of time; . (. 94). 2. Wool; . (.) ilavam-> lavam (Vulgar Tamil) n. 1. Hair of cow's tail; . (. . 75). 2. (Mus.) A variety of klam. , 2. (. .27). 3. Little; small particle; . lavam -> lava [Sanskrit] 1 Plucking, mowing. -2 Reaping, gathering (of corn). -3 A section, piece, fragment, bit; -4 A particle, drop, small quantity; a little; oft. at the end of comp. in this sense; -6 Sport. -7 A minute division of time (= the sixth part of a twinkling); -8 The numerator of a fraction. -9 A degree (in astr.). -10 Loss, destruction. -11 N. of a son of Rma, one of the twins, the other being Kua. lava [Sanskrit] -> lva [Sanskrit] a. Plucking, gathering. lva [Sanskrit] -> lva [Sanskrit] 1 A quail. -2 A bird. urmam -> rmam [Vulgar Tamil] n. Hair; . (. . 4). urmam-> rman [Sanskrit] n. 1 The hair on the body of men and animals; especially, short hair, bristles or down; -2 The feathers of birds. -3 The scales of a fish rmaa [Sanskrit] a. 1 Hairy, shaggy, woolly. -2 Applied to a faulty pronunciation of vowels. 1 A sheep, ram. -2 A hog, boar. rma [Sanskrit] A squirrel. rmaam [Sanskrit] The pudenda;

For the word rman, Sanskrit pundits are giving the following inappropriate etymological citation. ru [Sanskrit] I. 2 P. 1 To cry, howl, scream, yell, shout, roar; to hum (as bees); to sound in general; Caus. To make sound; -II. 1 . 1 To go, move. -2 To hurt, kill. -3 Ved. To break to pieces. ul n. (J.) 1. Sharp stick or iron to peel coconuts; . 2. Impaling stake; . The meaning of removing is now obsolete for the word ul in Tamil. ul -> ( ulu) -> ( ul)-> ( ulmam)-> lmam [Sanskrit] A tail lna [Sanskrit] p. p. Plucked, gathered (flowers &c.). ( ul)-> ( ullugam)-> lluka [Sanskrit] A frog.

Tailed frog ( ulmam)-> ulmam n. 1 Hair growing over the body of men or of animals; . (. .) 2. Horse; . 3. That which is first; .4. Tilka; .4. Horse's trappings; . 5. Tail; . 5. The end of tip of a tail,

Tail like Tilaka on forehead ulmam -> lma [Sanskrit] A tail. -2 The hair on the body. lmakin [Sanskrit] m. A bird (having tail). lmaaka [Sanskrit] A fox which is having hairy tail. ulmam-> lman [Sanskrit] n. The hair on the body of men or animals; lmaka [Sanskrit] The hair on the body of men or animals;

lmaa [Sanskrit] a. 1 Hairy, woolly, shaggy. -2 Woollen. -3 Containing hair. -4 Consisting in sheep (as property). -5 Overgrown with grass. lmaa [Sanskrit] A sheep, ram; lma [Sanskrit] 1 A fox. -2 A female jackal. -3 An ape. -4 Green vitriol. lmayam [Sanskrit] 1 Hairiness, woolliness. -2 Roughness. lma [Sanskrit] A jackal. lmik [Sanskrit] The female of the jackal or fox. ulmam -> ( ulbam) -> lpa lpaka [Sanskrit] A jackal, fox. lpka & lppaka [Sanskrit] A kind of jackal.

(alpks) [Ancient Greek], (alus) [Armenian], dhelpr [Albanian], vilpis (wildcat) [Lithuanian], llywarn (fox) [Welsh].

( ulmam)-> ( ulbam) -> lupus Latin wolf (hairy tail).Aragonese: lupo Aromanian: lup Asturian: llobu Catalan: llop Corsican: lupu Emiliano-Romagnolo: lauv Franco-Provenal: lop French: loup Galician: lobo Istro-Romanian: lup Italian: lupo Ligurian: l Maltese: lupu Occitan: lop Old French: leu Portuguese: lobo Romanian: lup

Sicilian: lupu Spanish: lobo Volapk: lup Walloon: leu From the following words, dog and wolf in Sanskrit and other indo European languages were derived. uccu n. Dog--as . ucceal n. Utterance of an imit. word used in calling a dog; . - uccu-k-ku- v. tr. To urge or set a dog on a person or an object by repeating the sound , while simultaneously pointing to the object of attack; . uccu -> ucci n. (Onom. imit. of beckoning sound `cu'). Dog; . (.) ucci-> uccay [Berber (Kabyl)] Dog; ucci -> ( usi) -> usi. [Telugu] n. A hiss, hissing. usi-konu. v. i. To give the chase as a dog does . usi-kolpu. v. a. To hiss a dog on. To excite or stir up anger. a quaver or superfluous syllables, used in singing. . n. Dust, powder, . oaths are nonsense. ucciccire & ucciccir. [Telugu.] Hey! hiss! a word used in setting a dog on to fight. uccu -> ( usu) -> - usuppu- v. tr. 1. To rouse, wake up, incite; to urge as dogs; Loc. 2. To frighten; to drive away, as birds; . (W.) - ucumpu- v. tr. To rebuke, rant, hector; . (. . 13, 59). ( usu) -> uju n. Onom. expr. used in calling dogs; . (J.) ( usu) -> us n. Hissing sound for scaring away dogs, birds, etc.; . (W.) ( usu) -> ( asu) -> asuam n. Dog; . (. 132). ( asu) -> Asu [Batak (Toba)] Dog;

Asu [Javanese ] Dog; Aku [Bugotu] Dog; Aso [Ilocano] Dog; Achu [Kuna] Dog;( usu) -> su/cu n. A syllabic letter compounded of and . 2. An interjection of command,

chiding, &c., in driving away a dog or beast, .

su/cu -> chuu'u [Yoeme ] a dog. su/cu + su/cu + su/cu + su/cu -> chuchu [Marathi] ind The sound uttered in driving off a dog. Opp. to . su/cu -> Finnish susi wolf su/cu -> Cicing [Balinese] a Dog

chichi, itzcuintli [Nahuatl ] su -> ( sukuam)-> jukua [Sanskrit] 1 A dog.-2 The Malaya mountain.

( sukuam)-> sakuam n. Dog; . (. . . 38). sakuam -> jakua [Sanskrit] 1 The Malaya mountain.-2 A dog. su-> suv n. Dog; . (.)

suv -> suvam n. 1. Dog; . (. . 27). 2. Indian burr; . (.) suvam -> Suva & suvna [Pali] a dog Suva [Pali] -> Supa [Pali] a dog Supa [Pali] -> Avestan span-, spnm. A dog Supa [Pali] -> sobaka [Russian]. A dog Sabaka [Belarusian ] suv -> van [Sanskrit] m A dog; For the word van, was wrongly cited as root. The meaning of the inappropriate citation of vi is as follows. vi [Sanskrit] 1 1 To grow, increase (fig. also), so swell (as the eye); -2 To thrive, prosper. -3 To go, approach, move towards van [Sanskrit] -> vayc [Sanskrit] Sickness, disease.

van [Sanskrit] -> vdanta [Sanskrit] A dog's tooth. van [Sanskrit] -> vaka [Sanskrit] A wolf. suvam -> vna [Sanskrit] A dog. su-> ( suam ) -> suakka . [Kannada. soaga.] 1. Dog. . (. .) 2. One who wanders about as street dog, loafer; . (W.) 3. Mean person, one who performs mean offices; . (W. ( suam ) -> Sua [Pali] dog, ( suam ) -> su [Marathi] n A dog. ( suam ) -> , suanga n. A dog, . (.) ( suam ) -> suagu [Malayalam. cuagi. Greyhound] A dog, . . . . .(35). suagaai n. (dog like) Sexual union; . (. 9, 22).

suagu -> suagam n. Dog . (. 3, 4). suagam -> suakkam n. Loc. 1. Delay; . 2. Emaciation; fatigue; depression of spirits; . 3. Dalliance; . ? suagam -> suagal n. 1. Delay; . 2. Lazy person; . . Loc. ( suam) -> ( sam)-> sagi n. 1. Lean person or animal; --. Loc. 2. A breed of dog; . (W.) sagi-ny n. [Kannada. saginyi.] A breed of dog; . (W.) ( sam)-> Sa [Pali] a dog su-> ( suam) -> Suna [Pali] dog,

( suam) -> un [Armenian] a dog ( suam) -> cenaw young dog or wolf [Welsh] ( suam) -> ( suagam) -> . (.) suaga -> shynnagh [Manx ] fox. suaga -> Sionnach [Scottish Gaelic], sionnach [Irsih] sinnach [Old Irish]. fox, red fox suaga -> Sunakha [Pali] a dog suaga -> soonahk [Thai] ( suam) -> sui n. Bitch; . (W.) sui -> uni [Sanskrit] A dog. sui -> un [Sanskrit] f. A female dog, a bitch; unra [Sanskrit] A number of female dogs. ( suam) -> una [Sanskrit] A dog. suaga -> unaka [Sanskrit] 1 N. of a sage.-2 A dog.-3 A young dog. ( suam) -> ( sam) -> Sona [Pali] a dog Sona [Pali] -> San [Pali] a dog Sana [Pali] -> Romansch: chaun Albanian: qen Aromanian: cne Campidanese Sardinian: cani Catalan: ca Dalmatian: cun French: chien Friulan: cjan Istriot: can Italian: cane Jrriais: tchian Latin: canis Logudorese Sardinian: cane Portuguese: co Romanian: cine Sicilian: cani Spanish: can Venetian: can Armenian an suaga n. 1. Dog; . 2. The S W. quarter;

su-> s/cu n. onom. 1. Sound uttered in setting dogs on; . 2. Sound uttered to express disgust or aversion; . 3. A kind of home-made firework encased in cloth; . . Loc. 4. A kind of torch; . N. - s-k-u- v. tr. Colloq. 1. To set dogs on; . 2. To drive away with the sound c, as dogs; . - s-viu-v. tr. To set on, as dogs to attack; . s-v-eal n. Onom. expr. of urging dogs to attack; . s-c-c-v-eal n. [Kannada. ccu.] Colloq. Onom. expr. of (a) silencing; : (b) urging dog to attack; . s/cu -> ch [Marathi] ind The sound used in setting on a dog. su-> sra n. Dog; . (.) su-> susi [Finnish, Ingrian,Karelian, Vote, Estonian (dial.), Livonian;] Wolf sra -> ra [Sanskrit] n. A dog. su-> ju n. Dog; . Nurs. - j-k-ku- v. tr. 1. To call a dog to come near; . 2. To set dogs on; . 3. To drive away with the sound su/c, as dogs; . ju -> jh [Marathi] m The sound in setting on (of a dog &c.)