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Essential Question : –What compromises were needed in order to create the U.S. Constitution? CPUSH Agenda for Unit 3.3 : –“The Constitutional Convention” notes
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Essential Question : What compromises were needed in order to create the U.S. Constitution?

Jan 06, 2016

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Essential Question : What compromises were needed in order to create the U.S. Constitution? CPUSH Agenda for Unit 3.3 : No Clicker Questions Today “The Constitutional Convention” notes Today’s HW : Review Notes. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Page 1: Essential Question : What compromises were needed in  order to create the U.S. Constitution?

• Essential Question:–What compromises were needed in

order to create the U.S. Constitution?

• CPUSH Agenda for Unit 3.3: –“The Constitutional Convention” notes

Page 2: Essential Question : What compromises were needed in  order to create the U.S. Constitution?

Confederation Government in New York City

The Articles of Confederation were intentionally weak in order to protect state & individual liberties

But, the inability of

the national gov’t to tax & unify the

states led to problems like Shays’ Rebellion

Page 3: Essential Question : What compromises were needed in  order to create the U.S. Constitution?

In May 1787, 55 delegates held a Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia to

discuss ways to strengthen the national gov’t…

…But instead of revising the Articles of Confederation, they replaced it with the Constitution

Page 4: Essential Question : What compromises were needed in  order to create the U.S. Constitution?

The national government under the Constitution would have new features & powers that the Articles of Confederation did not have

Rather than a single unicameral Congress, the new national government would be divided among three equal branches of government

Page 5: Essential Question : What compromises were needed in  order to create the U.S. Constitution?

Popular Sovereignty: the people have power by voting for leaders

Limited gov’t: even though the national government was stronger, citizens’ liberty was still protected

Federalism: the national gov’t shares power with state gov’ts

Page 6: Essential Question : What compromises were needed in  order to create the U.S. Constitution?
Page 7: Essential Question : What compromises were needed in  order to create the U.S. Constitution?

Separation of powers: three branches with

defined powers(Montesquieu)

Checks & balances: each branch can limit the power of the others

Page 8: Essential Question : What compromises were needed in  order to create the U.S. Constitution?

The delegates at the convention had to negotiate a series of

compromises in order to agree on a framework for government

Many of these compromises dealt with how representatives would be chosen from the states to serve in Congress

Page 9: Essential Question : What compromises were needed in  order to create the U.S. Constitution?

The large states supported the Virginia Plan which

proposed adding a president to lead the

nation and a bicameral congress in which larger

states have more representatives

The small states supported the a

New Jersey Plan which called for a unicameral

congress in which states are equally represented

just like the AOC

Page 10: Essential Question : What compromises were needed in  order to create the U.S. Constitution?

The Great Compromise resolved the differences between the

large & small states by creating a bicameral Congress

In the Senate each state has

2 reps who serve 6-year

terms

In the House of Representatives, the

number of reps is determined by each state’s population

Roger Sherman created a combination of the two plans

Page 11: Essential Question : What compromises were needed in  order to create the U.S. Constitution?

Northern & Southern states could not agree whether or not to count slaves towards population

size

If slaves are counted, Southern states would have more votes and

power in the House of Representatives

The Three-Fifths Compromise allowed states to count three of every five slaves

toward taxation and population size

Page 12: Essential Question : What compromises were needed in  order to create the U.S. Constitution?

Many Northerners wanted to use the Constitutional

Convention to end slavery, but Southerners threatened

to leave the USA anytime slavery was discussed

As a compromise for the South, the slave trade could continue for 20 more years & runaway slaves would be returned to slave masters

The Fugitive Slave Act

Page 13: Essential Question : What compromises were needed in  order to create the U.S. Constitution?

James Madison negotiated and wrote much of the framework

of the new government and is referred to as the “father of

the Constitution”

Page 14: Essential Question : What compromises were needed in  order to create the U.S. Constitution?

From May to September 1787, the delegates at the Constitutional Convention worked out a

framework for a new federal system of government

But, this plan for government had to be ratified by 9 states if it was to

replace the Articles of Confederation

Page 15: Essential Question : What compromises were needed in  order to create the U.S. Constitution?

Many Americans were concerned about the possibility of tyranny because the Constitution gave more power

to the national government over the states

Page 16: Essential Question : What compromises were needed in  order to create the U.S. Constitution?

Anti-Federalists were those who opposed

the Constitution, feared a stronger

national gov’t , and wanted states to

remain power

The Anti-Federalists were led by

Patrick Henry and Samuel Adams

Page 17: Essential Question : What compromises were needed in  order to create the U.S. Constitution?

Federalists were hose who supported the

new Constitution and a stronger national

gov’t

Federalist leaders James Madison,

Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay wrote a series of essays called the Federalist Papers

to encourage ratification of the

Constitution

Page 18: Essential Question : What compromises were needed in  order to create the U.S. Constitution?

“Nothing is more certain than the indispensable

necessity of government… People must cede some of

their natural rights in order to vest it with requisite powers.”

(Federalist #2)

“[If the] federal gov’t is entrusted with the care of the common defense…that gov’t ought to be clothed with all the powers

requisite to complete execution of its trust.”

(Federalist #23)

“…the smaller the number of individuals composing a

majority, the more easily will they execute their plans of

oppression. Extend the sphere, and you take in a greater variety

of parties and interests; you make it less probable that a

majority of the whole will invade the rights of other citizens.”

(Federalist #10)

Page 19: Essential Question : What compromises were needed in  order to create the U.S. Constitution?

Some states ratified the Constitution quickly, but states with large majorities of Anti-Federalists

refused without a Bill of Rights to protect their liberty

New Hampshire was the 9th state to ratify the Constitution which went into effect in 1789, but the

Federalists wanted all 13 states to ratify the new gov’t

In 1789, the Bill of Rights was introduced and the last two states ratified the Constitution by 1790

Page 20: Essential Question : What compromises were needed in  order to create the U.S. Constitution?

Today, the Constitution is the oldest existing written gov’t in the world and is a model for other

nations