Essential Question What changes did industrialization bring to life in the United States? What changes did industrialization bring to life in the United.

Essential QuestionEssential Question

What changes did What changes did industrialization bring to life industrialization bring to life

in the United States?in the United States?

The Rise of IndustryThe Rise of Industry

Natural ResourcesNatural Resources

WaterWater LumberLumber CoalCoal IronIron CopperCopper

Transcontinental RailroadTranscontinental Railroad

The Pacific The Pacific Railway Act of Railway Act of 1862 gave 1862 gave money and land money and land for building the for building the railroadrailroad

Union PacificUnion Pacific

Built westward from Built westward from Omaha, NebraskaOmaha, Nebraska

Central PacificCentral Pacific

Eastward from Eastward from CaliforniaCalifornia

Promontory PointPromontory Point

May 10, 1869 in May 10, 1869 in UtahUtah

Gold and silver Gold and silver spikes driven into spikes driven into the rails connecting the rails connecting the two linesthe two lines

Quote, ObserverQuote, Observer

““The trains pulled up facing each other, each The trains pulled up facing each other, each crowded with workmen who sought crowded with workmen who sought advantageous positions to witness the advantageous positions to witness the ceremonies . . . The officers and invited ceremonies . . . The officers and invited guests formed on each side of the rails . . . guests formed on each side of the rails . . . Prayer was offered; a number of spikes Prayer was offered; a number of spikes were driven in the two adjoining rails . . . were driven in the two adjoining rails . . . Thus the two roads were welded into one Thus the two roads were welded into one great trunk line from the Atlantic to the great trunk line from the Atlantic to the Pacific.”Pacific.”

Transcontinental RailroadTranscontinental Railroad

Benefits of National RailroadsBenefits of National Railroads

Built national Built national marketsmarkets

United AmericansUnited Americans

Standardized four Standardized four time zonestime zones

Railroad System, 1870-1890Railroad System, 1870-1890

Large WorkforceLarge Workforce

Between 1860 and Between 1860 and 1910, the 1910, the population almost population almost tripledtripled

20 million 20 million immigrants arrived immigrants arrived between 1870 and between 1870 and 19101910

New InventionsNew Inventions

Increased Increased productivityproductivity

Improved Improved transportation and transportation and communicationcommunication

Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell

TelephoneTelephone

Thomas Alva EdisonThomas Alva Edison

PhonographPhonograph LightbulbLightbulb Electric generatorElectric generator BatteryBattery DictaphoneDictaphone Motion pictureMotion picture

Big BusinessBig Business

Growth of BusinessGrowth of Business

Large Large corporations corporations began to began to dominate U.S. dominate U.S. businessbusiness

Made big Made big business business possiblepossible

Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie

Opened a steel Opened a steel company in 1875company in 1875

Discovered the Discovered the Bessemer process Bessemer process for making steelfor making steel

Iron and Steel ProductionIron and Steel Production

Rockefeller’s Standard OilRockefeller’s Standard Oil

Controlled 90 Controlled 90 percent of the U.S. percent of the U.S. oil refining industryoil refining industry

A monopoly = when A monopoly = when a single company a single company controls the entire controls the entire marketmarket

Robber BaronsRobber Barons

AdvertisingAdvertising

With increased With increased production comes production comes the need to sell the the need to sell the productsproducts

Use of chain stores Use of chain stores and catalogsand catalogs

1919thth Century Advertising Century Advertising

1919thth Century Advertising Century Advertising

Montgomery WardMontgomery Ward

Sears RoebuckSears Roebuck

UrbanizationUrbanization

Quote, Tenement DwellerQuote, Tenement Dweller

““With one dollar a day [our mother] fed and With one dollar a day [our mother] fed and clothed an ever-growing family. She took clothed an ever-growing family. She took in boarders. Sometimes this helped; at in boarders. Sometimes this helped; at other times it added to the burden of living. other times it added to the burden of living. Boarders are often out of work and Boarders are often out of work and penniless; how could one turn a hungry penniless; how could one turn a hungry man out? She made all our clothes. She man out? She made all our clothes. She walked blocks to reach a place where walked blocks to reach a place where meat was a penny cheaper, where bread meat was a penny cheaper, where bread was a half cent less. She collected boxes was a half cent less. She collected boxes and old wood to burn in the stove.”and old wood to burn in the stove.”

ImmigrationImmigration

Urban PopulationsUrban Populations

Many immigrants Many immigrants settled in cities and settled in cities and organized organized neighborhoodsneighborhoods

NYCNYC DetroitDetroit ChicagoChicago

Ellis IslandEllis Island

Immigrants were Immigrants were inspected by a inspected by a doctor looking for doctor looking for diseases or serious diseases or serious health problemshealth problems

Ellis IslandEllis Island

Ellis Ellis IslandIsland

Ellis IslandEllis Island

Asian ImmigrationAsian Immigration

China suffered China suffered severe poverty, severe poverty, unemploymentunemployment

Job opportunities in Job opportunities in the West (railroads, the West (railroads, growing cities)growing cities)

Angel IslandAngel Island

Used for the Used for the arrival of Asian arrival of Asian immigrants to CAimmigrants to CA

Mostly young Mostly young malesmales

Time period for Time period for acceptance to the acceptance to the USUS

NativismNativism

Desire of native-Desire of native-born people to limit born people to limit immigrationimmigration

Now focused on Now focused on Asians, Jews, and Asians, Jews, and southern southern EuropeansEuropeans

Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

Barred Chinese Barred Chinese immigration for ten immigration for ten yearsyears

Renewed in 1892Renewed in 1892

UnionsUnions

Labor UnionsLabor Unions

Industrial workers Industrial workers formed unions to formed unions to attempt to have attempt to have better working better working conditionsconditions

How did business How did business respond?respond?

Pullman StrikePullman Strike

Led by Eugene V. Led by Eugene V. DebsDebs

Railroads disruptedRailroads disrupted

Pres. Cleveland Pres. Cleveland sent in troops, sent in troops, courts rule against courts rule against strikersstrikers

American Federation of LaborAmerican Federation of Labor

Organized 20 trade Organized 20 trade unionsunions

Led by Samuel Led by Samuel GompersGompers

Stand for fewer Stand for fewer hours, higher hours, higher wageswages