Environmental Sustainable Design Final Report

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ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABLE DESIGN

[ARC 1413]

Project 1: My community My Commitment Exploring the sense of environmental and community engagement as

future designer

“Innovation for Generation”

PROJECT REPORT

Group members:

Alexander Chung Siang Yee

1003A78541

Evelyn Sinugroho

0318217

Jillian Goh Joon Jin

0901G69895

Julia Shenjaya

0317774

Liau Wen Bin

0319062

Lim Choon Wah

0311265

Lim Ming Chek

0317743

Ling Yuan Ming

0318758

Wong Teng Chun

0318538

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Table of Contents:

TITLE PAGE

1. INTRODUCTION 3 – 6

2. PROBLEM STATEMENT & OBJECTIVES 7 – 15

3. PROGRESS OF SOLUTIONS & RESULTS 16 - 22

4. LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS 23 - 29

5. WORK PROGRESS 30 - 33

6. BUDGET & EXPENSES 34 - 38

7. REFLECTION & ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 39 - 41

8. REFERENCES 42 – 43

9. ATTACHMENTS 44 - 45

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1. INTRODUCTION

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“My Community My Commitment” Project Proposal

Environmental-community service is a concept that has existed for quite some

time. However, it is only until recent years that have seen its importance grow.

Organizations based on this environmental-community service covers a wide range.

Examples of these organizations are social service organizations, non-profit

providers and associations, after-school programs and faith based organizations.

This means that people of all ages are part of the process of community service.

Benefits of the process are not only felt by individuals but also the society. In other

words, Environmental-community service can be classified as a service that is

carried out with the intention of benefitting the public. In a way, community service a

method for an individual to contribute to the community. There are many methods in

doing this which includes mural painting on school walls, cleaning and painting of

orphanages, building a small bench for students in school, collecting items for charity

or just a simple clean up in a park. An individual's personality is one of the main

benefactor from environmental-community services. This is because environmental-

community service helps improve an individual's communicative skills, ability to open

up and work in a team as well as improve an individual's leadership capabilities.

Application of the things taught in the class to real problems increases students'

skills and knowledge while aiding them to not only give a hand to people from the

community but also place themselves as engaged citizens of the world.

1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT

1. To increase awareness of current environmental issues locally

2. To induce creativity in attempting to explore the current environmental

circumstances

3. To allow students to explore the opportunity to work with the community and for

the community

4. To create awareness of the importance of creating and environmentally

sustainable product/design/services

5. To be able to understand and explain the principles of sustainability from

environmental and social perspective

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1.2 ORGANIZATION

St.Barnabas is a Christian Church and a shelter for children. It was launched

in year 1997 and located at Jalan Dato Hamzah, Kawasan 1, Klang, Selangor. St.

Barnabas home is a three-storey building adjacent to St Barnabas Church, Klang.

The place is surrounded by three different religious places; which includes an Indian-

Muslim Mosque, a Hindu Temple, and a Sikh Gudwara.

St.Barnabas shelter home provides a temporary shelter, food, and education

for children below the age of 17. They also provide religious education for the

children. The facilities of the church, such as the common grand hall and the outdoor

area, are being utilized to run a day school where chi ldren from five to seventeen

years old attend to receive education at a low rate.

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1.3 REASONS WHY ENGAGE THIS SITE

More and more children are left abandoned in the cold, ruthless streets as

days pass. Most of them are left to survive on their own without compassion. This

has been an issue worldwide and luckily for some in Malaysia, a few kind-hearted

souls have decided to open up to take in these children. St. Barnabas shelter home‘s

sole desire is to provide food, shelter and education to these children. The shelter

uses its own special way to communicate and interact with these children. Being in

this field for nearly two decades, they know and understand as well as able to

provide what the children really need; which is attention. Have we ever really thought

about how fortunate we all are, what we have back then when we were still children,

especially the love and care from people all around us while looking at these

underprivileged?

Thus, the reason why we chose SB Shelter Home as our site is to help and

support, be a part of the compassionate community to provide the children the ideal

environment all children deserve to get. The scale and scope of this project (SB

Shelter Home) is befitting for the project’s requirements and our resources as

students. We believe that SB Shelter Home will provide great opportunity for us to

make a difference as creative beings and also diligent members of the society.

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2. PROBLEM STATEMENTS

& OBJECTIVES

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2.1 IDENTIFIED ISSUES

A. UNUSED SPACES at BOYS’ and GIRLS’ CORRIDOR

This unused area of the shelter home is actually an extension of the corridors caused by the

arrangement of the rooms of the home. As it is a small area right at the corner of the building

and there is pretty much nothing to do at that area, this area has been left unroamed all

these while. The colors of the walls in this area also looked very run down and unattractive.

Because of the lack of activity of this area, the children will not come to this area even if it is

repainted. Therefore, this place became our main focus in recreating this space for the

children’s usage.

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B. ABANDONED POND

The pond was originally donated to rear fishes and to beautify the outdoor. However,

with the busy schedule occupying guardians and their lack of knowledge in the pond

filter system; this has led to unintentional negligence of the pond which caused the

water in the pond to stagnate. To prevent mosquitoes from breeding, the pond was

put out of use with the water drained out. Soil eventually accumulated inside the

empty pond over time and the whole area looked really miserable. To add to its

misery, this area somewhat turned into a disposal place where the chi ldren would

litter garbage after school for their own convenience and something definitely

needed to be done to save this abandoned pond.

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C. RUSTY PLAYGROUND EQUIPMENT

Due to the everyday usage of this equipment by the kids, the equipment is bound to

wear-and-tear. It is also under-maintained and over time it became rusty, resulting

the colour to become really dull. Furthermore, if the children injured themselves while

unknowingly exposed to the rust, it could turn out to be a life threatening incident as

they may suffer from medical conditions like tetanus and others caused by the

hazardous particles present in rust. The kids also constantly stain their clothes and

hands whenever they play with this equipment.

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2.2 PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

A. UTILIZE THE EMPTY SPACE

The newly transformed corridor will serve its intended purpose at instilling creativity

in the children from a young age and the design will sustain for future generations.

(i) Mural Painting at the corridor walls

The proposed mural paintings were a painting of Noah’s ark and a painting of Jesus

with children. The reason we chose the painting of Jesus and children was a

symbolism of a warm-hearted welcome given by Jesus to every child who lives there.

It shows that Jesus will always take care of them and will never abandon them, just

like the St. Barnabas shelter home.

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Another reason why we selected Noah’s ark’s was because of the legend of how the

ark saved them from the flood tragedy. St. Barnabas home is seen as an ark that

carries and saves all of the children from the darkness of the world.

The very meaning of every painting represents the vision and mission of St.

Barnabas and we are glad that they have accepted it with all their heart.

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(ii) Drawing Boards

During our first visit at St. Barnabas, we found that there were fewer activities for the

children and decided to utilize the unused space such as the corridors located at the

boys and girls floor. So we decided to design an activity for them, which is drawing

on the walls. Drawings’ benefits include using creative arts to express one self and

also using it as an outlet to release stress.

We then decided to combine this concept with the mural paintings so children

will be inspired by the paintings. Adhesive black boards were used for boys who

were ranged at a younger age so they can handle non-toxic chalks easier; while the

white boards were used for the girls who were ranged at an older age as they will be

more familiar with markers.

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B. ROCK GARDEN CONCEPT

The proposed solution is to refurbish the abandoned pond into a rock garden.

This idea stemmed from the initial proposal of turning the place into a small

plantation area, combined with rocks. However, knowing the guardians’ busy

schedule, the plants may wilt and end up being neglected as well. In the end, no

plants were used due to the shallow depth of the soil and the entire pond was

covered with stones and suitable garden ornaments.

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C. REPAINTING PLAYGROUND EQUIPMENTS

The reason why we chose Nippon paint is because Nippon is a very reliable brand

for paint. It is also known to be fungus resistant and is highly durable. Based on

experience, Nippon has a very striking colour as well as a very nice finish to the paint.

We used Nippon High Gloss Metal Paint for the obvious reason that we are

repainting a metal structure. This particular paint also has a shiny finish to it which is

what we want to make the playground equipment looks inviting to play with. We also

chose two colours to paint the equipments to match it with the other equipments

there mainly the swing.

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2. PROGRESS OF SOLUTIONS

& RESULTS

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A. MURAL PAINTING (BOYS’ AREA)

Gridlines are measured accordingly

to the dimensions of the boards &

laid out using strings.

Image of painting is drawn by

leader, Evelyn, onto the wall as

reference for members involved.

Strings are removed and the mural

painting on the wall commences with Evelyn Sinugroho mixing acrylic paint to be applied onto the drawn

mural.

Lastly, outline is added to the

finished painting.

Materials:

Bristle Brush Dr Grad acrylic paint

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Materials:

Blackboard Removable 2m Vinyl Wall Sticker

Chalkboard free 5 chalks

PVC casing

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7.2 TRANSFORMATION OF SITE

1 2

3 4

A. MURAL PAINTING (GIRLS’ AREA)

Work is spreaded out evenly so the wall is painted with a consistent

colour.

Image of painting is drawn

onto the wall as reference.

Commencement of mural painting on the wall and members being

familiar with acrylic paint is able to finish up the painting here faster

than the boys’ area.

Outline is added to the finished painting.

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1 2

3 4

Protective sheets are removed from the boards.

Double sided-tape is applied to the edges.

White boards are sticked to the

wall.

The installed white boards are now ready for the kids to draw with the provided marker

pens.

B. DRAWING BOARDS (GIRLS’ AREA)

Materials:

Removable Vinyl Whiteboard Sticker

PVC casing

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C. ROCK GARDEN CONCEPT

The pond Is cleared off rubbish and fallen

leaves. It was thoroughly removed of

weeds.

Members wanted to have some green

plants but the depth of the soil at the

pond is too shallow (as shown in the

photo).

Rocks were carried in different batches and

placed into the garden until it is completely

covered.

The rocks were then arranged in a

hierarchy manner where the heavier ones

remain at the bottom.

Materials:

Rocks

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D. REPAINTING PLAYGROUND EQUIPMENTS

Old paint was scrapped off as it is a basic necessity for a smooth paint job.

Red paint is painted first to

prevent mixture of colours. However due to heavy rain, the paint had to be redone the next

visit.

Yellow paint is then added as all the parts with the supposed red

paint were done.

Completion of the playground equipment.

Materials:

Nippon Paint

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4. LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS

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A. PAINT

Figure 1 LCA of paint

Paint is a sustainable material because it is mainly made up of natural

components such as natural resins, binders, pigments, solvent and additives. Binder

is a component that must be present in paint as it imparts adhesion and influences

toughness, durability, flexibility and gloss. Resins such as alkyds, acrylics, vinyl-

acrylics, vinyl acetate/ethylene (VAE), polyurethanes, polyesters, melamine resins,

epoxy, or oils help the paint to dry faster. Pigments are added to provide colour as

well as controlling gloss. Solvents are substances that are added for dissolving,

separating or diluting. Additives are added to improve the quality of the paint.

Additives improve paint by modifying its surface tension, pigment stability, the

finished product and many other properties. The advantages of using paint include

the availability of paint around as paint is available in a wide assortment and can be

formulated to meet any colour. Paint also act as an excellent protectant against

harsh elements thus making an object more resistant and durable.

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It is very important to know the origin of paint product. In general, 90% of the

house is painted both on the interior and exterior. There are 4 main steps in the

process of manufacturing paint. The first step is making the paste. This is done by

premixing pigment with resin, solvents and additives. The second step is dispersing

the pigment. After obtaining the paste from the first step, it is routed into a sand mill

to grind pigment particles to make them smaller and disperse them throughout the

mixture. The next step will be thinning the paste. This step agitates the paste with

solvent to be thinned and produce the type of paint desired which is the final product.

The last step in the manufacturing process of paint is canning the paint. This is done

so that the paint can be distributed easily. For quality control, paint is inspected for

its grind fineness, dispersion, viscosity and density. Although in the making process

it releases lots of harmful toxins once the material is completed it can be 100%

recycled.

Consequently from the manufacture of paint, volatile organic compounds

(VOCs) are discharged into the environment. Estimations of all coatings, stains and

varnishes are accountable for 1.8% of the 2.3 million metric tons of volatile organic

compounds released every year. Due to this, a new regulation has been imposed

permits only 250 grams of solvent for each liter of paint. After this regulation was

imposed, paint manufacturers are trying to replace the solvent with pigments, fillers

or other solids inherent to the basic paint formula. This produces thicker paints that

are more difficult to apply. There also ways in which consumers can contribute for

example applying paint in an enclosed area where the volatile organic compound

released can be retrieved. On the manufacturer’s side, an in-house wastewater

treatment facility that treats all liquids generated on-site will have to be installed.

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B. STONE

Figure 2: LCA of stone

Stone is a building material that is used for its durability and its natural artistic

aesthetic. Since stone can found from nature, it meets the sustainability standard for

building materials. Stone is a very string and hard material with high density which

makes it a material that provides a lot of protection. There are many advantages of

using stone.

The advantages of stone include stone being ecological in nature. Stone is

originated by nature hence no energy is needed for its production. This also means

that no amount of stone is lost in the procedure of natural stone quarrying and

processing.

Another advantage to using stone is that it is environmentally friendly as it is a

natural material and holds no harmful toxic substances. Supplementary chemicals

are also not needed to safely coat it.

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The next advantage of using stone is that it is available in a wide range. It is in

many different shades and structures. The different surface finishing also contributes

to its vast variety of stones available. Other than that, using stone also has an

advantage in such a way that it retains its natural beautiful coating which makes it

have a long lasting life. In addition, stone has a 3D effect. Stone can be produced in

any desired shapes as well as sizes. This three dimensionality causes natural stones

to be able to provide an interesting light and shade effect which makes the

environment have a natural aesthetic to it.

The last advantage to stone usage is that it is reasonably priced. Due to the

long lasting life of stone, high cost of investments are set off by the meagre long-

term repair and maintenance cost. Furthermore, the cost of cleaning and

maintenance is also very low. Unwanted or additional stone can easily be recycled to

be used for another purpose.

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C. PLASTIC

Figure 3 LCA of plastic

Plastics although usually not biodegradable are a product of nature. The main

components used to manufacture plastic are raw materials like cellulose, coal,

natural gas, crude oil and salt which are all naturally occurring. The many

advantages of using plastic include plastic being a strong material. This helps in

reducing or even preventing damage to a product. Other than that advantage, plastic

is also a recyclable material. This means that new products can be created over and

over. The next advantage to using plastic is that it is very light in weight. This makes

plastic very easy to be carried around which also lowers transportation costs and fuel

emissions.

The first step in manufacturing plastic is polymerization. Addition and

condensation reactions are the two basic methods by which polymerization occur.

Additives are added in the manufacture of plastic to alter the properties of plastic.

Examples of additives added and their function are antioxidants to protect the

polymer from degradation by ozone or oxygen, ultraviolet stabilizers to make it

weather resistant, plasticizers to increase flexibility, lubricants to reduce problems

related to friction, pigments to provide colour, flame retardants and antistatic.

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Some plastics are also added with glass or carbon fibers to increase strength

and stability. The next step is shaping and finishing of plastic. One of the oldest

methods used for converting polymers into useful materials is through compression

molding. This method forces the plastic into a certain shape by applying pressure.

Another common method for shaping plastics is through extrusion. Softened plastic

is forced through a shaped die by a device called extruder.

Other than that, injection molding is also a method used in shaping plastics. In

this method, melted plastic is forced into extruders where it is allowed to set to the

required shape. A tube is initially injection-molded around a blowing stick and

transferred to a blowing mold. The tube is then reheated so that it expands to the

shape of the mold by passing air through the blowing stick. There are also many

more methods in which plastic is manufactured. Although the process to

manufacture plastic is bad, it can be recycled or reused after the end of plastic’s life.

There are however dangerous by products from the production of plastic.

Plastic in all forms is made from the same base ingredient which is oil. Oils are

refined, mixed with hazardous chemicals and cooked at high temperatures. Such a

procedure releases toxic by-products as well as greenhouse gasses which harms

the earth in more ways than one. The production of plastic in the United States alone

releases about 500 million tons of greenhouse gasses every year. Plastic is also a

material that takes more than a thousand years to degrade which contributes largely

to our landfills concerns. A research by the University of California Santa Barbara

suggested that the number of landfills needed over the course of ten years will drop

by 60% if an alternative is used instead of plastic.

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5. WORK PROGRESS

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5.1 Work Distribution

Name

Before During After

Alexander Chung Siang Yee

- Proposal

- Transferring rocks - Mural Painting - Installation of

Boards - Clearance work

- Video

Evelyn Sinugroho

- Proposal - Mural design

- Buying acrylic paint

- Mural Painting

(leader) - Assigned & taught the mural painting

techniques while guiding peers

- Photo taking

- Report

- Video

Jillian Goh Joon Jin

- Proposal - Selection of site - Design rock garden concept

- Collecting rocks

- Clearance work - Playground

painting work - Transferring rocks - Video taking

- Photo taking

- Report (leader)

Julia Shenjaya

- Proposal - Collecting

materials for paint uses

- Clearance work - Playground

painting work - Transferring rocks

- Life Cycle Analysis for

Report & Video

Liau Wen Bin

- Site visit - Clearance work - Playground

painting work - Transferring rocks

- Photo taking - Installation of the boards

- Report

Lim Choon Wah

- Proposal - Site visit - Design new

activity for children

- Buying adhesive boards & other accessories

- Transferring rocks - Installation of the boards (leader)

- Photo taking

- Report

Lim Ming Chek

- Site visit

- Buying Paint

- Clearance work

- Playground painting work

- Installation of the boards - Transferring rocks

- Photo taking

- Report

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Ling Yuan Ming

- Proposal - Site visit

- Clearance work - Installation of boards

- Transferring rocks - Mural Painting

- Video taking

- Report

Wong Teng Chun

- Proposal

- Selection of site - Request for permission

- Buying acrylic paint

- Playground

painting work - Transferring rocks - Mural Painting

- Installation of the boards

- Video (leader)

.

5.2 Weekly Work Progress

Week

Day Accomplished In-Progress Comments

2

5/9/2014 Project brief was given & made appointment with

Kajang’s animal shelter.

3

8/9/2014 & 10/9/2014

Two unfruitful visits to Kajang’s animal shelter

Discussion of new site.

Miscommunication resulting in failure

to discuss our proposal as NGO

had urgent matters to attend.

4

15/9/2014 First visit to

St.Barnabas Church

- Formally met the person in charge, Mr

George - Obtained approval after discussing main

purposes of future visits

- Start to

discuss about different ideas & designs for

the site.

5

23/9/2014 Second visit

- Discuss proposal with Mr George

- Analysed and recorded measurements for accuracy of future

installation

- Look for

sponsorship - Discuss

more relevant designs

Mr George

rejected one of the ideas.

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6

3/10/2014 - Engage with sponsors - Gathered and bought required materials

- Research on respective work that was

distributed.

Tutor approved our ideas.

7

8/10/2014 Third visit

- Measured the grid of the corridor wall for

board installation & mural painting - Started sketching the

mural painting at the boy’s area

8

17/10/2014 Fourth visit

- Transferred half of the required rocks for the rock garden

- Painted half of the playground equipments

- Installed the white boards to the girl’s corridor

- Finished sketching and started painting.the girls’

section

First coat of paint

was unsuccessful due to the rain in the evening

9

24/10/2014 Fifth visit

- Stone garden was completed

- Repainted the playground equipment

- Started mural painting the boys’ section

Black adhesive boards was blocked at

custom, managed to find

replacement in time.

10 1/11/2014 Sixth visit

- Finish painting the

playground equipment. - Almost done with the

mural painting at the boys’ section. - Finished mural painting

at the girls’ section

- Work distribution

on the report, poster and

video.

Painting of playground

equipment was on hold due to the

rain.

11

5/11/2014 Seventh Visit (last)

- Finished the mural

painting at the boys’ section.

- Finish painting the playground equipment. - Interview session with

Mr.George

- Compilation of documents

and videos.

12

15/11/2014 SUBMISSION

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6. BUDGET & EXPENSES

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6.1 Service Learning

Service learning is a technique in which it is acquired and developed by active

participation in a thoughtfully managed organised service which satisfies a

community’s needs. Equilibrium between customary learning and real life experience

must be reached for it to be potent. This is as the form of learning puts emphasis on

personal reflection as well as critical thinking while also encouraging heightened

sense of community, responsibility and municipal engagement. Ideas and techniques

which are brought up in the class were applied in real life situations by our group. As

a result of this, we kept our expenditure at zero throughout the project. We learnt

many techniques on how to engage with potential sponsors as well as selling the

idea of the project to the potential sponsors to make them interested and want to

sponsor us.

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7. REFLECTION & ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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7.2 Reflection

At the very start of our assignment, we initially thought of helping an animal

shelter for our project. We searched for Non-Government Organization animal

shelter through Facebook and other websites which led us to an animal shelter

which is located in Kajang that was quite promising. We contacted the person in

charge and the response was good. Therefore, we decided to visit the animal shelter

after they confirmed our proposal mail; unfortunately they were reluctant to

accompany us when we visited the place and the reception we got was pretty hostile.

After 2 times of visiting the animal shelter and receiving no response, we decided to

look for another NGO instead. We ended up settling on St. Barnabas shelter home

located in Klang after days of searching. The response we got back by the person in

charge, Mr. George was very inviting. It turns out Mr. George is a very warm hearted

person and welcomed our visit to the home with open arms. After we explained

further on our project, Mr. George had a clearer idea of the objectives of the project.

He then proceeded in showing us around the home so that we have an idea of how

the home is like and identify the parts where work is needed.

During the tour of the shelter home, we saw that the amenities of the home

are already quite complete and we barely saw anything else we can do to repair or

rebuilt. However, when we walked into the quieter areas of the home, we saw that

there are two extended corridor space at the girls’ and boys’ place which we thought

was very empty and pointless. Our initial idea was to create a playing area for them

until Mr. George said that what the kids need weren’t the things that they want; what

they need is a motivation, something to motivate them to study, to be creative and to

ambitious dreams.

After having the walk inside the bui lding, we then proceeded outside to the

playground area. We saw that the playground equipment was rusty and under

maintained. We were worried that this would affect the kids’ health as well as safety.

Therefore, we decided to repaint and refurnish the playground equipment.

We struggled a lot throughout the whole process, a lot of our initial ideas got

rejected and it certainly demotivated us all over and over again. What gave us the

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drive and motivation to kick on with the project was the kids at the home. We shared

our ideas with them and they seemed to like it a lot. They were really eager to see

the end product of what we planned to do and this really encouraged us. We finally

realized that what we were doing was for the kids’ sake and not for the marks. Thus,

we all agreed to give our best efforts for this project despite all the hardships and

struggles.

The process of mural painting wasn’t as easy as we thought it would be and

the frequent rain only made things harder as it constantly prevented us from working

on the outdoor area. We did struggle a lot throughout but because of our struggles,

we helped each other out, encouraged each other and looked out for each other

even more. It wasn’t easy searching a way out for every problem but it wasn’t a bad

thing. As a result of this, our thinking and problem solving skills have improved

significantly.

Environmental issues have been spread all over the world to create

awareness. Issues such as pollution and degradation of the world are indeed very

alarming issues that need the most attention. However, we wouldn’t be able to solve

our environmental issues if it doesn’t start from the sincerity of our heart. This project

may not directly help in solving our world issues but to save our world we always

have to start somewhere no matter how small it may be. Helping out our community

is one place to start from. Adding to that, ‘Paying It Forward’ should also be seen as

an innovation of our race to start repairing our world by starting with problems that

are within our reach any and every time possible.

7.3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We, the group members, would like to express our gratitude to all the people

who supported us in completing this project. We would like to thank our respected

tutor, Ms Suja for the guidance and advice she bestowed upon us. In addition, we

would also want to express our sincere gratitude to our families and sponsors who

contributed in every ways possible. Lastly, we would like to take this opportunity to

thank everyone who has been direct or indirectly instrumental in the successful

completion of this project.

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8. REFERENCES

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Reference list

Alden, A. Where Things Come from : Rock Materials. [ONLINE] Available at:

http://geology.about.com/od/mineral_resources/tp/Where-Rock-Materials-Come-

From.htm. [Last Accessed 29 October 2014].

Gray, J (2014). Stone Construction. [ONLINE] Available at:

http://www.sustainablebuild.co.uk/constructionstone.html. [Last Accessed 28

October 2014].

Mazzocco, M. P. (2011). Sustainable Materials . [ONLINE] Available at:

http://blog.bibliocad.com/materiales-sustentables-vidrio-ceramicos-aberturas-

pinturas?lang=en. [Last Accessed 27 October 2014].

Papasavva, S. , Kia, S. , (2002). Life Cycle Environmental Assessment of Paint

Processes. Journal of Coating Technology. 74 (), pp.65-76

Secrest, R (2008). How paint is made. [ONLINE] Available at:

http://www.madehow.com/Volume-1/Paint.html. [Last Accessed 9 Nov 2014].

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9. ATTACHMENT

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Environmental Sustainable Design Project 1 Proposal