Engleski jezik predavanje o budućim vremenima

THE FUTUREBUDUĆE VREME

WAYS OF TALKING ABOUT THE FUTURE (NAČINI IZRAŽAVANJA BUDUĆEG VREMENA)

Present tenses (I do / I am doing)

Going toWill (Future Simple)Future Continuous

PRESENT TENSES FOR THE FUTURE(SADAŠNJA VREMENA SA ZNAČENJEM BUDUĆEG)

Oba sadašnja vremena (Present Simple i Present Continuous) mogu imati značenje budućeg:This is Ben’s diary for next week:

He is playing tennis on Monday afternoon. He is going to the dentist on Tuesday

morning. He is having dinner with Kate on Friday. Ovde je P.C. upotrebljen sa značenjem

unapred dogovorene aktivnosti u budućnosti.

P.CONTINUOUS WITH A FUTURE MEANING I’m doing something (tomorrow) = I have

already decided and arranged to do this. I’m not working tomorrow, so we can go out

somewhere. Ian isn’t playing football next Saturday. He’s

hurt his leg. U srpskom jeziku prezent se takođe može

upotrebiti na ovaj način: Sutra ne radim, u utorak idem kod zubara,

itd.

P.SIMPLE WITH A FUTURE MEANING

Kada govorimo o utvrđenom rasporedu, programu, redu vožnje, itd. dakle o planu koji je napravio neko drugi, koristimo Present Simple:

My train leaves at 11.30, so I need to be at the station by 11.15.

What time does the film begin this evening? Tomorrow is Wednesday.

UPOREDI:

Present Continuous: za lične planove i dogovore

What time are you arriving tomorrow?

I’m going to the cinema this evening.

Present Simple: za raspored, program, red vožnje

What time does the train arrive tomorrow?

The film begins at 9 this evening.

GOING TO (DO)

I am going to do something = I have already decided to do it, I intend to do it.

A: Are you going to watch the late film on TV tonight?

B: No, I’m going to have an early night. I’m just going to make a quick phone call.

Can you wait for me? This cheese looks horrible. I’m not going to

eat it.

1. Going to označava unapred donetu odluku, nameru da se nešto učini u budućnosti.

NE prevodi se kao “idem”, već kao buduće vreme:

I’m going to watch the film = Gledaću film, ili Hoću da gledam film, koje izražava nameru.

I AM DOING AND I AM GOING TO DO

Koristimo kao buduće vreme kad govorimo o nekom dogovoru, planu:

What time are you meeting Anne this evening? (to je dogovoreno)

I’m leaving tomorrow. I’ve got my plane ticket. (isplanirano)

Koristimo kao buduće vreme kad govorimo o nekoj odluci, nameri:

“Your shoes are dirty.” “Yes, I know. I’m going to clean them.” (to je namera)

I’ve decided not to stay here any longer. Tomorrow I’m going to look for somewhere else to stay. (odluka)

Present Continuous Going to

Često je razlika između ova dva načina izražavanja budućnosti vrlo mala, pa su moguće obe varijante (zavisi od konteksta, tj. da li želimo da izrazimo postojanje plana ili namere):

I’m leaving tomorrow. I’m going to leave tomorrow.

“SOMETHING IS GOING TO HAPPEN”

2. Going to takođe koristimo kada na osnovu situacije u sadašnjosti tvrdimo da će se nešto dogoditi u budućnosti:

The man can’t see the wall in front of him. He’s going to walk into the wall.

Look at those black clouds! It’s going to rain. I feel terrible. I think I’m going to be sick.

“I WAS GOING TO...”

I was going to (do something) = I intended to do it, but didn’t do it

Može se koristiti i u prošlom vremenu da označi nešto što smo nameravali, ali na kraju nismo uradili:

We were going to travel by train, but then we decided to go by car instead.

Ili nešto što smo mislili da će se dogoditi, ali nije:

I thought it was going to rain, but it didn’t.

WILL / SHALL 1

Potvrdni oblik Upitni oblik Odrični oblik

I shall/will go Shall/will I go? I shall not (shan’t)/ will not (won’t) go

You will go Will you go? You won’t go

He/she/it will go Will he/she/it go? He/she/it won’t go

We shall/will go Shall/will we go? We shan’t/won’t go

They will go Will they go? They won’t go

WILL / SHALL 1

Will/shall + infinitiv glavnog glagola naziva se Future Simple Tense (obično buduće vreme)

Shall se po pravilu koristi samo u prvom licu jednine i množine. Međutim, u govornom jeziku i shall i will skraćuju se samo na ‘ll:

I shall go = I’ll go He will go = He’ll go Zbog toga se shall malo koristi, obično u

pisanom ili formalnom jeziku. Shall + not = shan’t Will + not = won’t

UPOTREBA

1. za odluku donetu u trenutku govora: Oh, I’ve left the door open. I’ll go and shut it. “What would you like to drink?” “I’ll have an

orange juice, please.” “Did you phone Lucy?” “Oh, no, I forgot. I’ll

phone her now.” Često se koristi sa I think /I don’t think: I feel a bit hungry. I think I’ll have something

to eat. I don’t think I’ll go out tonight. I’m a bit tired.

Za nešto što je već isplanirano ili odlučeno NE koristimo will, već Present C. ili going to:

I’m leaving for Spain next Saturday. (ne I’ll leave)

He has decided he’s going to look for another flat tomorrow. (ne He’ll look).

2. Will se koristi u sledećim situacijama: Offering to do something (Ponuditi se da se

nešto uradi) That bag looks heavy. I’ll help you with it. Agreeing to do something (Složiti se) A: Can you give Tim this book? B: Sure, I’ll give it to him when I see him this

afternoon. Promising to do something (Obećati nešto) I won’t tell anyone what happened, I promise. Asking somebody to do something (Zamoliti

nekog nešto) Will you please turn the music down?

Won’t ima značenje “neće”: I’ve tried to give her advice, but she won’t

listen. Shall I...? Shall se koristi u pitanjima shall I...?/shall

we...? Shall I open the window? Where shall we go this evening?