Engineers’ Guide to WiMAX & LTE LTE Momentum Building - Key Rollout Issues Remain Annual Industry Guide Solutions for engineers and designers developing WiMAX and LTE technologies and platforms www.eecatalog.com/4G EE C atalog WiMax Celebrates 10 Years with Strong Growth What Makes an Ideal Wireless Stack Developer Tool? Gold Sponsor
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Engineers’ Guide to WiMAX & LTE
LTE Momentum Building - Key Rollout Issues Remain
Annual Industry Guide Solutions for engineers and designers developing WiMAX
and LTE technologies and platforms
www.eecatalog.com/4GEECatalog
WiMax Celebrates 10 Years with Strong Growth
What Makes an Ideal Wireless Stack Developer Tool?
Gold Sponsor
See where a single stroke of genius can change the course of tomorrow.Calling all thinkers, creators, leaders, dreamers and innovators. It’s time to return to the home of unbridled jaw-dropping ideas.
Tuesday, January 10 – Friday, January 13, 2012Las Vegas, Nevada | CESweb.org REGISTER NOW
www.eecatalog.com/4G 1
Welcome to the Engineers’ Guide to WiMAX and
LTE Solutions 2012
Amidst continuing news of a stagnant economy, spending on mobile and infrastructure keeps on growing, albeit with a few bumps in the road. While the global 2G/3G/4G infrastructure market declined 13.8% in the first quarter of 2011, that came on the heels of a very strong fourth quarter 2010, and the market is up 14.4% year-over-year (from the first quarter of 2010), according to Infonetics Research. That sets the foundation for a new investment cycle that is expected to last through 2014. Infonetics Research forecasts service providers will spend a cumulative $245 billion worldwide on mobile infrastructure during the five years from 2011 to 2015. That’s a lot of opportunity for developers, in a lot of different technologies.
Stéphane Téral, Infonetics Research’s principal analyst for mobile infra-structure, stated, “Although LTE and 4G continue to make the headlines, GSM was definitely the 2Q11 reality, with massive capacity upgrades in China and India. In addition, 2G and 3G network modernization with multi-standard base transceiver stations (BTS) continues to be strong and will remain the main theme throughout the second half of 2011.”That said, equipment spending in LTE and WiMAX 4G technologies remains strong, and for the first time LTE equipment surpassed WiMAX equipment in the second quarter of 2011, with the global LTE market at about $0.6 billion and WiMAX at $0.5 billion.
In this issue, you’ll find a wide array of product, technology and develop-ment information to help you find your place in these new 4G markets. We cover development tools and environments in “What Makes an Ideal Wireless Stack Developer Tool?” and “Even Better than the Real Thing.” Our panel of experts discusses FPGAs’ roles in advanced telecom sys-tems, and we address the opportunities for distributed base stations in “Taking LTE Where You Need It.” “CSFB: Supporting Voice Services in LTE Migration” provides an option for the transition to LTE, and we look at “Secure Communications in Military 4G LTE Environments” with an insightful view into that market. Both WiMAX and LTE have plenty to look forward to, and we provide a look into trends and forecasts for both with “LTE Momentum Building, Key Rollout Issues Remain” and “WiMax Celebrates 10 Years with Strong Growth.”
And there’s a lot more from our sponsors, with data sheets, event listings, white papers and other resources. We’d love to hear from you. Send your comments and ideas to [email protected].
Cheryl Berglund CoupéEditor
P.S. To subscribe to our series of Engineers’ Guides for embedded developers and engineers, visit:
www.eecatalog.com/subscribe
Engineers’ Guide to WiMAX and LTE Solutions 2012www.eecatalog.com/4G
The Engineers’ Guide to WiMAX and LTE Solutions is published by Extension Media LLC. Extension Media makes no warranty for the use of its products and assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear in this Catalog nor does it make a commitment to update the information contained herein. Engineers’ Guide to WiMAX and LTE Solutions is Copyright ®2011 Extension Media LLC. No information in this Catalog may be reproduced without expressed written permission from Extension Media @ 1786 18th Street, San Francisco, CA 94107-2343.
All registered trademarks and trademarks included in this Catalog are held by their respective companies. Every attempt was made to include all trademarks and registered trademarks where indicated by their companies.
2 Engineers’ Guide to WiMAX and LTE Solutions 2012
Contents
Advanced Telecom Systems Drive FPGA Market Growth
by Cheryl Coupé ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Circuit-Switched Fallback
by Drew Sproul, Adax ................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
Even Better than the Real Thing
by Dr. Konstantinos Stavropoulos, Anite ................................................................................................................................................... 8
Compact Base Stations
by Marc DeVinney, Interphase ................................................................................................................................................................. 12
Enabling Secure Communications in Military 4G LTE Environments
by Kevin Kelly, LGS Innovations (a Division of Alcatel-Lucent) ................................................................................................................ 18
What Makes an Ideal Wireless Stack Developer Tool?
by Rick Denker, Packet Plus, Inc. ............................................................................................................................................................. 20
WiMax Celebrates 10 Years with Strong Growth
by Cheryl Coupé ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
by Charlie Ashton, 6WIND ....................................................................................................................................................................... 32
ison testing, and can reveal if/which devices will perform
well in the live network. Lab tests consider real-world
scenarios, from simple (phone call, SMS or web browsing)
to more advanced (multi-call {CS/PS}, data throughput or
setup delay) use cases. International roaming can also be
tested, by using country-specific cell configurations. All
tests are based on 3GPP messages/procedures and terms
obscure to most mobile users, such as PDP Context or
Bearer Combination.
Lab testing helps imitate the real network environment
without fully replicating it. For example, when mobility
handover is tested in the lab, there is no explicit device
movement. Still, such movement is not of interest. What
is of interest is the change in the observed signal strength
and interference, which can be simulated. Hence, the con-
sidered network situation is the same, although strictly
speaking not identical, and a handover for a moving
device – or other real-world network scenarios – can be
tested in the lab.
Yet some people are not convinced. Network-derived
measurements, often described as the ‘real thing,’ can
become an engineer’s ‘gospel.’ Measurements are tan-
gible, directly related with the live network and thus
generally trusted.
Field testing – or field trials or drive testing – has been
a popular way for operators to benchmark and opti-
mize their networks. Conducted indoors/outdoors, field
testing is of great significance, especially for new and
not-so-mature technologies. Field trials can also high-
light issues in the interoperability of a device with the
network. However, device testing in the field presents a
number of challenges, mainly due to its dependence on
the dynamic live network.
Lab testing and field testing can be regarded as both
complementary and competitive options for mobile
device evaluation. While some tests are to be run only
in the lab or only in the field, there are many tests that
could be conducted in either environment.
The wireless environment is dynamic and can change
rapidly. Radio signals are subject to variation due to
the changing RF conditions, while the network load –
demand for resources – is only approximately known and
(to a large extent) unpredictable. Network configuration
changes or issues may also arise unexpectedly. Device
testing engineers are powerless in such cases, as these
changes/issues are outside their control.
Therefore, it is inherently not possible in the field to fully
control tests or to repeat them exactly. This is why, when
Figure 1 – Caption: A simplified (Anite SAS) system diagram for device interoperability testing in the lab
10 Engineers’ Guide to WiMAX and LTE Solutions 2012
SPECIAL FEATURE
device issues are identified, most engineers opt to repro-
duce use scenarios in the lab for debugging purposes.
Contrary to lab conditions, engineers cannot ‘tame’ the
volatile wireless environment or ‘adjust’ the network
configuration, and know that tests can only be partially
controlled and approximately repeated in the field.
Lab testing provides the f lexibility to consider a variety
of scenarios with full control over their definition. For
example, under- or over-loaded networks can be simu-
lated as per the engineers’ requirements. Simulation is
also a great means to assess roaming without the expense
required to visit countries/regions, where partner net-
works operate, for drive testing. In addition, lab tests
enable the evaluation of features not yet implemented on
the live network.
Device testing in the lab is not inherently restricted
by any live network dependency. With the exception of
trial networks, which are not commercially launched
and hence have no subscribers, testing in the field can
only ref lect the latest cell
configuration. The consider-
ation of ‘what if ’ scenarios,
including ‘bad’ network
settings, is not advisable
as it would have an adverse
impact on mobile users. This
is something that operators
prefer not to risk.
Furthermore, lab testing is
not subject to spatiotem-
poral profile limitations.
Generally speaking, field
tests are conducted in spe-
cific network areas (such as drive test routes) and at
given time intervals during a day. In these terms, field
testing can only provide a partial view/assessment of
how a mobile device would operate when used on the live
network. So, field tests may fail to identify certain device
issues or may discover them late.
The lab environment also allows more scope for compre-
hensive device assessment. In general, testing in the field
comprises standardized tests of mostly basic nature. It is
therefore not surprising that experienced engineers are
reluctant to be actively involved, especially if tests are
repeated on a regular basis. Although lab testing includes
standardized tests too, the controllability of network
simulation and the ability to use automation are price-
less.
It is important to note that device tests in the lab can be
automated to a large degree. As lab testing is controllable
and repeatable, any use scenario that has been captured/
defined can be ‘replayed’ at any time by using the same
setup. This is of great interest to engineers as they are
able to run regression tests and identify with confidence
why the measured device performance may have changed.
Device testing in the lab has evolved in the last few years
due to its popularity with major mobile network opera-
tors. In some cases, it has even been able to discover
problems with the live network setup. When reproducing
in the lab field-identified interoperability issues (for
example, as part of field-to-lab tests), there have been
instances where the network rather than the device was
found to be responsible.
Both lab and field testing have been used by leading oper-
ators to help enhance the quality of launched devices and
meet user expectations. Yet, the lab environment is the
single or preferable option for a large number of device
tests, especially from a commercial viewpoint.
The main reason: lab testing is cost-effective. Interest-
ingly, the capital expenditure (CapEx) for field testing is
typically lower, particularly
if no investment in dedi-
cated drive-test equipment
(including vans) is required.
This has led test solutions
vendors to introduce pricing
models that de-emphasize
the capital nature of the
expenditure for network
simulators. However, it is
the total cost of ownership
that should be considered.
The nature of device testing
in the field is such that
significant resource/time is required. In the absence of
automation and controllability, the operational expendi-
ture (OpEx) exceeds that of lab testing by far. Moreover,
insufficient or statistically uncertain tests pose a higher
risk to the quality of launched devices. Even when a
device passes a test that it may have failed before, it is
not clear whether this would be due to design changes to
the device or because of the changed – ‘everything f lows’
– network environment.
Cost savings with lab testing are multidimensional, and
include manufacturer pre-testing that enables operators
to spot-check devices. This superior cost profile is the
main reason why network simulation dominates device
acceptance programs. In effect, field tests that can be run
in the lab, such as network selection or data throughput,
are reduced in number/scope. Simulation is also typically
used for first-pass evaluation by operators who promote
Tier-2 or own-branded devices, especially for manufac-
turers new to the industry or without a reputation for
quality.
Using a network simulator is a faster, cheaper and ultimately superior way
to meet mobile user expectations compared with other approaches.
www.eecatalog.com/4G 11
SPECIAL FEATURE
Lab testing can support comprehensive yet cost-effective
acceptance programs in an objective and well-functioning
manner. For operators to get the device ecosystem working
at its best, nonobjective criteria or difficult-to-reproduce
tests must be avoided. This would be in accordance with
strict industry quality standards, including ISO.
In general, due to the nature of lab testing, operators can
gain a competitive advantage through:
or run tests and with the ability to consider automation
can pre-test their devices and simply present their results
customer-identified issues, which can positively impact on
defection rates (churn), media coverage and share price
or advanced ones (e.g. smartphones), which can influence
market share and customer opinion.
Using a network simulator is a faster, cheaper and ulti-
mately superior way to meet mobile user expectations
compared with other approaches. More importantly, the
competitive advantage of network simulation has been
proven in practice.
The tangible and intangible benefits from lab testing
are not limited to operators. Device and chipset manu-
facturers have also benefited from 2G/3G operator
acceptance schemes and the ecosystem that these have
established. It is thus no coincidence that network simu-
lation is now used to verify that the highly anticipated
LTE devices will meet the needs of mobile subscribers.
Device testing in the field may be regarded as real-world
testing or as the ‘real thing’, while network simulation
may still be viewed with skepticism by some operators.
However, the ROI benefits of lab testing are so diverse
and so substantial that there should be no doubt: device
testing in the lab is even better than the real thing.
Dr. Konstantinos Stavropoulos joined Anite in 2009
as IOT product manager, responsible for SAS, Anite’s
network simulator product for mobile device interop-
erability testing. Konstantinos holds a PhD in digital
communications from Imperial College (London, UK)
and a Diploma in electrical and computer engineer-
ing from National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) (Athens,
Greece), has presented papers in conferences worldwide and is a mem-
ber of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET).
WiMAX and LTE Solutions ONLINE
Explore...➔ Directory of leading WiMAX and LTE solution providers
➔ Top Stories and News
➔ White Papers
➔ Expert Opinions (Blogs)
➔ Exclusive Videos
➔ Valuable Articles
➔ Ask the Experts
Sign up for the quarterly WiMAX and LTE Solutions E-Product Alert
www.eecatalog.com/4G
12 Engineers’ Guide to WiMAX and LTE Solutions 2012
SPECIAL FEATURE
by Marc DeVinney, Interphase
Compact Base StationsTaking LTE Where You Need It
Subscribers are adopting wireless broadband data services
at an unprecedented rate, causing mobile traffic to grow
exponentially. This growth limits the number of users and
their individual traffic loads that a carrier can serve with its
existing spectrum allocation. New technologies such as LTE
are designed to provide additional capacity and higher data
rates to relieve network congestion, but a new approach to
network deployment and expansion is required to address
the demand for high-bandwidth applications in a limited-
spectrum environment:
Higher density. A higher density of base stations placed
in closer proximity increases the overall network capacity
while utilizing the same amount of spectrum in a more effi-
cient manner. More base stations in a smaller radius allow
more traffic to be transported within the same geographic
area.
Base stations closer to subscribers. In an environment
with a high cell density, it is preferable to place base stations
as close as possible to the subscribers to avoid self-interfer-
ence and to improve indoor coverage.
Lower per-bit cost. Average revenues per user (ARPUs)
are not expected to grow in line with the increase in traffic
generated by subscribers, so service providers need to lower
the per-bit cost of transmission—for both CAPEX and OPEX
items—to continue to operate a sustainable business.
Traditional ground-based macrocell base station equip-
ment was designed to provide maximum power and
coverage and to minimize the number of base stations
installed. All the hardware, with the exception of the
antennas, is placed in an air-conditioned enclosure at
the bottom of the cell tower. This design is expensive in
terms of equipment, installation and operation costs,
and has demanding ground space requirements, but it
will undoubtedly retain a crucial role in cellular networks
for the foreseeable future. The traditional macrocell will
remain cost-effective for providing wide-area coverage
in environments where traffic levels are manageable.
However, this deployment model will struggle to remain
viable where a dense concentration of users demand high-
bandwidth wireless access.
Distributed base stations leave the baseband and power
amplifier within the ground enclosure, but move the
radio frequency (RF) equipment to the cell tower to be
close to the antenna. This approach reduces the power
dissipation due to the use of coaxial cables in tradi-
tional, ground-based base stations, increasing the energy
efficiency and providing some limited reduction in the
size and weight of the equipment on the ground. While
providing a reduction in cost and size, distributed base
stations still rely on ground equipment, which limits the
f lexibility of deployment and incurs the cost of installing
and operating the ground-based equipment.
Both ground-based and distributed macrocell base stations are poorly suited for dense, high-capacity 4G network topologies where high power and wide range are unnecessary—and are often not desired, as they may cause self-interference—and where building new cell towers is difficult due to space and permitting restrictions.
In dense deployments, microcell and picocell base stations will become more widely used in the 4G network topology, complementing or replacing mac-rocells in at least two situations. One is downtown
Figure 1. Ground-based, distributed, and compact base stations
www.eecatalog.com/4G 13
SPECIAL FEATURE
environments where tall buildings make it difficult to establish good indoor and outdoor coverage. The new small-cell topology enables service providers to create a dense network of cells installed close to the subscriber and to increase capacity density. Another is providing fill-in coverage for macrocell areas that have zones with limited or no cellular coverage, often in rural areas or environments with complex RF propagation. Compact base stations enable mobile service providers to extend coverage to these areas in a cost-effective way.
Microcell and picocell base stations that use a ground-based or distributed architecture have been available
for a long time. Even though they have a smaller foot-print than ground-based macrocells, they still require ground equipment and, as a result, are expensive to install and operate, use high levels of power, and have demanding site requirements. As a result, micro and pico base stations still account for a small percentage of installed base stations.
To enable high-capacity and dense deployments, service providers need access to equipment that is small, can be installed on non-telecom assets, and is cost-effective to purchase, install and operate. Com-pact base stations have been specifically designed to address this challenge and give service providers the
Architecture Ground-Based Distributed Compact
Design
Description Traditional base
station, installed in a shelter on the ground
Baseband and power amplifier (PA)
equipment in a shelter on the ground.
Radio equipment on the mast, near the
antenna
Baseband, PA, and RF are in a single enclosure which can be inside the antenna
enclosure (zero footprint), have a small stand-alone enclosure, or be added as a
blade in a multifunctional system. No ground equipment.
Performance Same throughput, latency, and coverage area,
assuming they use the same spectrum and transmission power
Form factor Macrocell, microcell, picocell Macrocell, microcell, picocell, femtocell
Sectors Macrocell: 1 to 8, typically 3
Microcell, picocell: typically 1 to 3 1 to 3 sectors
Equipment
Baseband Ground enclosure
Ground enclosure Passively cooled unit PA
RF Passively-cooled unit
Antenna Usually in cell tower or on rooftop, not
integrated Can be integrated with base station unit
* Base station, excluding cooling system and radio components ** Total depends on specific form factor and number of sectors
Table 1. Comparison across base station architectures
14 Engineers’ Guide to WiMAX and LTE Solutions 2012
SPECIAL FEATURE
tools to evolve to more flexible network topologies as they move to 4G.
In a clear departure from the traditional base station architecture, compact base stations eliminate the need for ground equipment. They strive to maximize traffic capacity and reduce the costs of building and operating a network by being small and flexible, thus reducing both CAPEX and OPEX. The compact architecture can be used for macrocells, microcells, picocells and femtocells, but all compact base sta-tions share some key features:
Compact, lightweight form factor. Base stations can be
installed on virtually any vertical surface or pole. They can
be installed on cell towers as well, but it is not required.
No ground equipment. If solar power and wireless back-
haul are used, there is no need to have any connection from
the base station to the ground. Otherwise, only an Ethernet
connection (typically using CAT-5 or fiber) to the ground is
needed to provide backhaul connectivity and power over
Ethernet (PoE).
System-on-a-chip (SoC) chipset. A single multicore
chipset can support multiple sectors, and it is fully com-
pliant with the air interface standards.
Same performance as traditional equipment. Data
rates for compact base stations are comparable to those for
ground-based or distributed base stations with similar con-
figurations (e.g., spectrum band or channel size).
Single ruggedized enclosure for baseband, PA and RF.
In some configurations, antennas may also be integrated
within the same enclosure; this is called a zero-footprint
configuration.
Low power consumption.
Passive cooling.
Compact base stations include baseband, control, PA and RF in a single low-power, passively cooled package. They enable antenna placement in conve-nient, existing locations, whether mounted on an existing cell tower, a lamppost, a building or even a mobile vehicle. These small, powerful base sta-tions can be made in a variety of form factors: a zero footprint, a small stand-alone enclosure or even a blade where it makes sense to include the small cell application within existing server equipment for a multifunctional system.
Zero-footprint base stations, the ultimate in com-pact size, reduce the base station to a module that is mounted inside the antenna enclosure, similar to
a femtocell but with the performance of a picocell or microcell. Depending on expected user density, these extremely cost-effective base stations can support from one to three sectors.
Stand-alone compact base stations can come in a variety of enclosures to suit the application, including a ruggedized casing suitable for pole or building mounting, a ruggedized chassis for vehicle mounting, and a standards-based, small-footprint chassis such as MicroTCA™. These compact base stations can be configured to handle picocell, microcell or macrocell applications in this single enclosure, supporting one to three sectors. They can even be configured to be a self-contained evolved packet core (EPC), as well as a base station.
The small form factor and low-power consumption that sets compact base stations apart from tradi-tional equipment is enabled by highly integrated system-on-a-chip (SoC) technology. SoC multicore chipsets combine physical (PHY) layer (layer 1), media access control (MAC) sublayer in the data link layer (layer 2), and, optionally, network layer(layer 3) functionality to support the computationally inten-sive processing of 4G wireless interfaces. A compact base station SoC chipset has multiple cores—digital signal processing (DSP), reduced instruction set computing(RISC) and application–specific integrated circuit (ASIC) cores—and hardware accelerators. A single SoC chipset can support up to three sectors with 2x2 multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology. Furthermore, the tight integration of PHY, MAC and layer 3 functionality within the same chipset minimizes the end-to-end latency, which is crucial to real-time applications such as voice, video or gaming. The RF can be part of the base station or in a separate housing.
Since compact base stations are typically placed close to the antennas or inside the antenna enclosure, this arrangement limits the power loss due to the coaxial cable used to connect the ground equipment to the antennas, and substantially reduces the power requirement of the entire base station.
A three-sector compact base station, including the antenna,can weigh as little as 10 kg. Because they do not require a shelter on the ground or active cooling, compact base stations can be installed in virtually any location—from cell towers to lampposts and vertical walls, and from rural assets to corporate cam-puses and indoor locations. The only requirements to operate them are power and backhaul. However, energy consumption is sufficiently low (26 W to 36 W for the processor core in a zero-footprint configura-tion) to allow solar panels to power the base station
www.eecatalog.com/4G 15
SPECIAL FEATURE
or to use power over Ethernet (PoE). Furthermore, wireless backhaul can be used to further reduce the size of the equipment and allow more flexibility in the positioning of the base station. As a result, compact base stations present strong advantages for remote locations where power and wireline connectivity are not available.
Crucially, however, compact base stations do not compromise on performance. Assuming the same spectrum bandwidth and the same transmission power, performance of a compact base station is com-parable to that of ground-based or distributed base stations.
Compact base stations have been primarily developed to meet the demands of 4G high-capacity, high-density networks, but their f lexible form factor, low power consumption, and affordability also make them an ideal technological solution for outdoor locations with multi-sector macrocell and microcells (often used in rural deployments)and for indoor coverage with single-sector picocell and femtocells (Figure 2). Often, these are combined to form a heterogeneous network (or HetNet).
In order to meet the OPEX targets, HetNets require self-organizing network (SON) software to minimize or even eliminate the amount of front-end network planning and ongoing equipment reconfiguration to optimize the performance and reduce RF interfer-
Figure 2. Moving toward smaller form factors and a compact base station architecture
Figure 3. Interphase’s flexiblecompact LTE base station module: form factors.
16 Engineers’ Guide to WiMAX and LTE Solutions 2012
SPECIAL FEATURE
ence of nearby eNode B cell sites. With advanced SON software currently available in the market, compact base stations have become even more practical.
Compact base stations are also well placed to sup-port vertical applications in markets—such as safety, transportation, corporate, asset-tracking and utili-ties—where equipment flexibility and affordability are key requirements. Because the eNode B module used in all these configurations can be the same, service providers can easily integrate and manage different form factors within their core network.
The topology of wireless networks is rapidly evolving to meet the need to transport much larger volumes of data traffic, to keep the per-bit costs at a minimum, and to extract the maximum performance from new, computationally-intensive 4G interfaces such as LTE. Deploying a larger number of traditional base sta-tions that require actively cooled ground equipment is a solution that is too expensive, and that fails to the deliver the spectrum efficiency,capacity density
and coverage that wireless service providers need in their 4G deployments.
Compact base stations have been designed to meet these challenges. This new base station architecture is ideally suited for dense, high-capacity deployments in urban areas, for vertical applications and for cost-effective wide-area coverage in under served areas. Their small footprint and low power consumption allow service providers to reduce their CAPEX and OPEX, while retaining the advanced performance of 4G technologies.
Marc DeVinney is the vice president of engineering
for Interphase Corporation, where he is responsible
for all aspects of the planning, development and de-
livery of Interphase products. He also leads the LTE
line of business for Interphase. He has more than 25
years of experience in the telecom arena and holds a
master’s degree in electrical engineering.
A network dedicated to the needs of engineers, developers, designers and
engineering managers
www.eecatalog.com
fthe needs of rs and
edicated to the ns, designers a
gers
edicates, de
gers
www.eecatalog.com/atca
Engineers’ Guide to AdvancedTCA®
& MicroTCA®
Annual Industry GuideAdvancedTCA, MicroTCA and AdvancedMC solutions
for telecom, Wi-Fi and WiMAX
ATCA Continues to Heat UpLTE and 3G Wirelirerereirere essInfrastructure De DDDDDDDrivrive ATCrrr A GA GrowthGrowthth
The CaseThe Case for ATCC for ATCCCCTCCCCCCCA in MilA in MA in MA in MilA in MA in MilA in MilA iin MilA in MilA iiA i itary anary anry anitary anitary anary anitary any anitary anitary anry ananddddddddddAerospacpacacpacpapacpaccp e Applice ApplicApplicApplicApplicApplicAppli atations
EECatalog
Featured Products
From Emerson: ATCA-7365 & ATCA-7365-CE Processor Blades
From Elma Electronic Inc.:AdvancedTCA System Platforms
Adax PacketRunner (APR)
Gold Sponsors
Affiliate Sponsor
Scan thisQR code to subscribe
www.eecatalog.com/military
Engineers’ Guide to Military & Aerospace
Annual Industry GuideyTechnology used in military and aerospace electronic design
Cost AdvaCost AdvaCost AdvaCost AdvaCost AdvaaCost AdvaCost AdvaCost AdvsCo ntages inntages inntagentages initages inntages inagg thethth the the the Command CCommand CCommandommaCommand CCommand ComCommommand Command Co mand Com d enterenterenterenterenterenententerr
Sponsors
Featured Products
Rugged and Secure Storage Products from Elma Electronic
From VersaLogic Corp: Intel® Core™ 2 Duo processor on standard EBX footprint
VPX Backplanes fromSIE Computing Solutions
Scan thisQR code to subscribe
www.eecatalog.com/embeddedlinux
Engineers’ Guide to Embedded Linux & Android
Annual Industry Guide Solutions for engineers and embedded developers
using Embedded Linux and Android
Featured Products
Enea Linux PlatformBuilder
From TeamF1: SecureF1rst Network Attached Storage Solution
From EMAC: PPC-E7+
Yocto Project – Big in Embedded Linux
Is Device Security a Major Challenge for Open Source Software?
Android Dives into Embedded Despite Fragmentation Risks
EECatalog
Gold SponsorsPlatinum Sponsor
Scan this QR code to subscribe
Purchasing guides for the electronics industry
Platinum Sponsors
Embedded Processing & DSPResource Guide
www.eecatalog.com/dspGold Sponsors
Official Sponsor
2012 Edition
Distributor Sponsors
Purchasing guides for the electronics industry
www.eecatalog.com/medical
Annual Industry GuideSolutions for engineers and embedded developers creating medical electronic components and systems
Security Versus CostThe Move to Distributed Healthcare Healthy Challenges
MEMs Motion Sensing Enables Next-Generation Medical Systems
EECatalog
Gold Sponsors
Featured Products
From Advantech: Customizable 10.4” fanless medical grade ODM tablet.
From Axiomtek: Medical Grade Touch LCD Monitor –MMT175
VersaLogic’s Mamba SBC provides extreme performance and high
reliability for the most demandingembedded applications.
Engineers’ Guide to Medical Electronics
Scan thisQR code to subscribe
A network dedicated to the needs of engineers, developers, designers and
engineering managers
www.eecatalog.com
The Only Conference Focused on AdvancedTCA, AMC, and MicroTCA!
AdvancedTCA Summit is the onlyevent with all the major vendors, industryassociations and key people working onAdvancedTCA, AMC and MicroTCA.These PICMG specs handle the latestprocessors, newest interfaces, and mostdemanding high-availability applications.This is the one-stop shop for evaluatingAdvancedTCA and MicroTCA productsand designs in telecom, storage server,embedded systems, medical equipment,instrumentation businesses andmilitary/defense/aerospace systems.
The Right Solution for High-Bandwidth Systems
REGISTER ONLINE
www.advancedTCAsummit.com
November 1-2, 2011AdvancedTCA Summit & ExhibitionDoubleTree by Hilton Hotel San Jose2050 Gateway Place, San Jose, California USA
18 Engineers’ Guide to WiMAX and LTE Solutions 2012
SPECIAL FEATURE
by Kevin Kelly, LGS Innovations (a Division of Alcatel-Lucent)
Enabling Secure Communications in Military 4G LTE Environments
The Department of Defense (DoD) is actively exploring
how to securely leverage 4G commercial systems, tech-
nologies, innovations and applications more effectively
in its missions. It envisions using wireless terminals
such as smartphones, tablets and pads that are adaptable
to various DoD use cases and threat scenarios and that
connect to DoD applications over encrypted channels.
Historically, developing technology is driven by mili-
tary needs and funding. The military has implemented
a variety of communications waveforms targeted at dif-
ferent operational needs and service-specific constraints.
Over the last few decades, we have seen the commercial
sector fund, accelerate and amplify the development of
advanced technology for globally deployed communica-
tions systems. During this same period, the commercial
cellular communications infrastructure has evolved from
second, to third and currently fourth generation systems
and standards. Beyond higher capacity, multi-standard
support and highly power-optimized waveforms to
support an ever-growing number of users, the opening
of new spectral resources has driven the application of
software-defined radio (SDR) principles to the new gen-
eration of cellular infrastructure and mobile devices.
This commercial cellular communications infrastructure
has evolved into 4G systems and standards. The stan-
dards organizations supporting these developments have
been the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP),
initially for GSM systems, and the 3rd Generation Part-
nership Project 2 (3GPP2), initially for CDMA systems.
“Long Term Evolution” (LTE) and its 4G evolution, “LTE-
Advanced,” is defined by 3GPP as the evolution path for
wireless networks. The initial release of the standard
is currently being deployed commercially and LTE-
Advanced is targeted for service in several years.
The 4G LTE standard has been endorsed by the DoD as
well as major U.S. public-safety organizations as the
technology of choice for public safety in the 700 MHz
band 14. LTE proponents include Public Safety Spectrum
Trust, National Emergency Number Association, Associa-
Figure 1. Centralized Authentication, Identity and Policy Management
www.eecatalog.com/4G 19
SPECIAL FEATURE
tion of Public-Safety Communications Officials, Major
Cities Chiefs Association and the National Public Safety
Telecommunications Council.
This is because 4G LTE provides high-bandwidth con-
nectivity in the field to enable real-time, mission-critical
applications such as multi-point video conferencing, full
reachability are managed in the mobility management
entity (MME) in the network core. The system-wide user
identity is maintained in the home subscriber server
(HSS) database with the illustrated features. The policy
and charging resource function (PCRF) queries the policy
database and enforces quality of service (QoS)policy. In
LTE, data-plane traffic is carried over bearers in virtual
containers with unique QoS characteristics. The PCRF
supports dynamic QoS management and the packet
data network gateway (PDN GW) acts as the policy and
charging enforcement function (PCEF) point to maintain
QoS / SLA for each of the service data f lows.
Looking ahead, ALU personnel have proposed a stan-
dards contribution to the Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF) for advanced encryption and key manage-
ment for secure Voice-over-LTE (VoLTE). Although these
standards are works in progress and not complete, one
possible solution for encrypted VoLTE communications
is based on identity-based mode of key distribution in
multimedia Internet KEYing (MIKEY-IBAKE). The goal
in the VoLTE call encryption service is to provide an
additional layer of security for voice calls made between
mobile phones to assure end-to-end voice security and
prevent third-party eavesdropping. To achieve this ser-
vice requires mutual authentication between the user and
IP multimedia system (IMS)
service management, sig-
naling protection and media
encryption.
The DoD has many new
options to leverage this LTE
off-the-shelf technology and
more extensively use broad-
band wireless for enhanced
effectiveness in its missions
and for productivity of its
personnel, especially as
the latest security features
are being incorporated into
this standard. New military
recruits are technology savvy and mobile-centric and
expect the DoD to be at the forefront of mobile communi-
cations. A second driving force is the substantial, growing
gap in peak data rates between 4G LTE and traditional
plan-of-record military radio systems. Yet another is the
current DoD interest in adding secure military applica-
tions to this wireless ecosystem
Kevin Kelly applies more than 20 years of experi-
ence in the communications industry to his role as
vice president, corporate strategy and marketing at
LGS Innovations. LGS, an independent subsidiary
of Alcatel-Lucent, solves the most complex net-
working and communications challenges facing the
U.S. Federal Government. Mr. Kelly has developed and deployed
mission-critical communications solutions in some of the most
challenging political and geographic environments in the world. Mr.
Kelly holds a B.S.E.E. from Penn State University, and an M.S. in
systems engineering from The George Washington University. For
more information, or to contact Mr. Kelly, please visit www.lgsin-
novations.com.
New military recruits are technology savvy
and mobile-centric and expect the DoD to be at the forefront of mobile
communications.
20 Engineers’ Guide to WiMAX and LTE Solutions 2012
SPECIAL FEATURE
by Rick Denker, Packet Plus, Inc.
What Makes an Ideal Wireless Stack Developer Tool?
Wireless developer tools are different than the test tools
that are used in quality assurance (QA). A developer
tool needs to be able to work in a leading-edge environ-
ment, when parts of the design are not finished. It must
support broad usage by the development team. It must
give extensive control and allow the exploration of new
options. This leads to tools that may have a complex
interface that require a highly trained user, can be easily
moved to new applications and are economical for use by
the individual engineer.
QA tools need to support repeatable regression testing,
provide coverage to large or maximum configuration
testing and provide an efficient interface. This leads to
tools that are larger and not
portable. They have simpler
interfaces with many pre-
written tests and reports.
They are often more expen-
sive, being priced to be used
one per project, or one per
company.
Custom Tools and Protocol Analyzers are LackingThe most common development tools today are 1)
internal custom tools and 2) protocol analyzers. (Note:
spectrum analyzers are broadly used but generally only
by the hardware engineers and the area is well-served
by commercial tools. Packet-based tools such as custom
tools and protocol analyzers are used broadly by both
hardware and software engineers.)
Internal custom tools are built early in the project so
there is something available when the first silicon or first
prototype gets to the lab. The most common way to build
it is to reprogram the firmware for the product under
development, so that it can loop back and talk the new
protocol to itself. It is built as a stopgap and typically
has a cumbersome interface and is often poorly main-
tained. These limitations cause a loss of productivity for
the whole development team. The issues with custom
tools are the increasing development costs for complex
protocols,consuming a valuable development resource
and possibly masking serious issues by using the loop
back technique. Protocol analyzers are good tools for
the IT department but they have significant limita-
tions for developers. They provide a convenient way
to symbolically view networking traffic with filters to
focus on particular traffic. However, for developers the
protocol analyzer typically needs more timing precision.
Second,they lack the control required to make it useful
for the unit testing of product features.
The key attributes of an ideal wireless stack tool are:
1) Uses their own radio
In most wired protocols are
a few dominant providers of
the physical layer interface
chips. Equipment devel-
opers and test equipment
providers know the quirks of
interfacing between them.
In wireless protocols,the
characteristics of range and
resistance to interference
are important product features. This leads to many more
physical layer interface options (radios). Because of this
development engineers need to do a lot more testing with
their own radio. This includes testing both the range and
interference characteristics, but also interoperability
with a larger variety of devices.
A specific wireless situation where it is critical to work
with the customer’s radio is when they are using a soft-
ware-defined radio (SDR), or cognitive radio. The tool
needs to have a f lexible architecture to accommodate
these advanced wireless architectures.
Also for advanced radio developments the ability to
bypass the radio and inject traffic into the rest of the
system not using the radio can provide productivity
when the radio may still have drift issues that can affect
the downstream developers. This allows parallel develop-
ment of the software stack to occur before the radio is
solid.
It’s time for the shift to the interactive debugging of
networking software stacks.
www.eecatalog.com/4G 21
SPECIAL FEATURE
2) Portable across many environments
Complete wireless testing requires a combination of test
environments and tools should move easily between
them. The four primary types of test environments are
Faraday cages, test boxes/chambers, wired and open air.
The environments are described below.
Faraday cages are large, copper mesh-wrapped boxes or
rooms. Because of the expense, they are typically found
in the labs of large equipment manufacturers. Because
Faraday cages assure an interference-free environment,
they are good for a wide variety of individual product
tests, especially for antennas. However, test configura-
tions of more than a few devices can quickly become
congested. In addition, there may not be enough distance
to test effects such as multi-path or diversity.
Test boxes or RF chambers are metal boxes with
absorbing material lining
the inside to dampen inter-
ference. They provide a
controlled environment
for much lower cost than a
Faraday cage. Typically, the
device under test (DUT) is
placed into the test chamber
and probes are used to
couple signals to/from the
DUT through cables to an
external test system. At
some point, it ceases to be
practical to use chambers as
opposed to a larger Faraday
cage. Moreover, because
spatial information is lost,
some equipment, such as
smart antennas, cannot be
tested in a chamber.
Cabled tests substitute a wired connection for the wire-
less connection, bypassing the antennas and directly
connecting two pieces of equipment. As a result, cabled
tests are inexpensive and easy to configure, and provide
good isolation from interference. They are not limited to
small configurations, like cages and chambers. However
because of the lack of interference, their results in con-
figurations are more idealized than would actually occur
in a real environment. In addition, equipment with inte-
gral antennas cannot be tested using this method.
Open air is the only test environment that truly matches
the way the customer will use the equipment. For some
tests, it is ideal because it can test both the antenna
and the protocol effects. Also it is the only solution for
certain location-dependent tests. Open-air test environ-
ments can be separated into indoor and outdoor. Indoor
environments are actual office buildings. Outdoor envi-
ronments are open spaces without obstructions, such as
at an antenna range. Additional detail on test environ-
ments is available at http://www.chipdesignmag.com/
denker.
In addition to the four test environments there are two
other reasons for portability. One is to investigate cus-
tomer situations the tool may be required to be taken to
the customer site, and the second is to allow the devel-
oper to take the equipment home for convenience and
productivity.
3) Handle complex security protocols
Security protocols are becoming a larger part of the
wireless world. As more and more wireless devices are
used for business, financial, medical and other transac-
tions, security protocols are becoming a requirement
for wireless products in our
connected world.
In wireless, the protocols are
becoming more complex and
continually changing. Pro-
tocols have progressed from
simple fixed-key approaches
to more sophisticated
dynamic key protocols. In
many applications where
there is general public access
there are multiple layers of
protocols to increase secu-
rity. The combinations are
becoming extremely com-
plex and the consequences
when information is com-
promised costly.
The good news is that the
complex protocols provide excellent security. The bad
news is that they can lead to a difficult development
environment. Developers work with clear traffic until
they believe everything is working correctly, and then
they add the security protocol. Developers at this point
often feel they are working in the dark. They hope that
the security implementation is working, but are ham-
strung to investigate many of the details.
Given these challenges the ideal tool should have the fol-
lowing attributes:
The issues with custom tools are the increasing development costs for
complex protocols, consuming a valuable development resource and possibly masking
serious issues by using the loopback technique.
22 Engineers’ Guide to WiMAX and LTE Solutions 2012
SPECIAL FEATURE
4) Work with current tools
One way to effectively create more tools is to work with
the tools that are being underutilized for wireless. For
example, logic analyzers are typically not used because
there is not a convenient signal to attach the probe to.
If other tools can handle the wireless packet and then
trigger the logic analyzer, they can help bring back them
back to the wireless lab bench.
A second way to leverage current tools is to help them
span the radio/packet divide. Most tools fit into either
the radio camp (spectrum analyzers) or the packet camp
(protocol analyzers). A tool that can set up a measurement
at the packet level, then trigger a spectrum analyzer to
make a detailed measurement makes the spectrum ana-
lyzer more productive and useful.
Third, it is important to support the formats that other
tools use such as the Packet Capture (PCAP) format. This
allows the convenient interface to many commercial and
open source tools such as WireShark.
A Call to Action– Interactive Packet DebuggingWireless development tools that can address the needs
described in this article would make a tremendous
improvement in the lives of developers, their managers
and the users of wireless equipment. Developers will
be given more control and f lexibility to tackle wireless
protocols with less frustration. Managers will get more
productivity and predictability from their development
teams. And customers will get products that are more
robust, and secure.
Better development tools are needed. Thirty years ago
the software development tool industry started shifting
to an interactive debugging paradigm. It’s time for the
shift to the interactive debugging of networking soft-
ware stacks.
A more complete discussion comparing development and
QA tools is available at http://www.pktplus.com.
Rick Denker was the co-founder and vice-president
of marketing for VeriWave, Inc., an innovative test
system for wireless networks. He has a long history
of launching new product innovations for leading
companies including WeSync, Synopsys, PMC-Si-
erra, Intel and Hewlett-Packard. He has a computer
science degree from MIT and an MBA from Dartmouth College.
WiMAX and LTE Solutions ONLINE
Explore...➔ Directory of leading WiMAX and LTE solution providers
➔ Top Stories and News
➔ White Papers
➔ Expert Opinions (Blogs)
➔ Exclusive Videos
➔ Valuable Articles
➔ Ask the Experts
Sign up for the quarterly WiMAX and LTE Solutions E-Product Alert
www.eecatalog.com/4G
www.eecatalog.com/4G 23
EECatalog INDUSTRY FORECAST
by Cheryl Coupé
WiMax Celebrates 10 Years with Strong Growth
This year, the WiMAX Forum celebrated 10 years as an
industry body with nearly 600 WiMax networks across
150 countries according to Jonathan Singer, marketing
communications and research manager for the organiza-
tion. At the beginning of 2011, over 823 million people
were covered by WiMAX networks, and by the end of 2011
the WiMAX Forum estimates that number to increase to
more than one billion.
Richard Webb, directing analyst for WiMAX, microwave
and mobile devices at Infonetics Research, said in a
release that “…worldwide WiMAX subscribers passed the
20 million mark around the mid-point of 2011 and are on
track to meet our forecast
for around 25 million by the
end of this year. Subscriber
growth continues in all
regions as WiMAX opera-
tors build their customer
bases, but we have tracked
notably strong growth
in the U.S., the Indian
sub-continent and Latin
America. With the levels of
operator activity and device
ecosystem growing, we fore-
cast WiMAX subscribers to
surpass 100 million by the
end of 2015.”
WiMAX service providers
are experiencing exponen-
tial growth. In the first quarter of this year, Clearwire
grew its subscriber base by 1.8 million subscribers, and
ended the second quarter of 2011 with 7.65 million
total subscribers, up 365% from 2Q 2010. Clearwire also
again increased its guidance to an expected 10 million
subscribers by the end of 2011. Also in the Americas,
Jamaican operator Digicel leveraged its WiMAX net-
work to capture 25% of the local broadband market in
less than a year, and Mexican WiMAX operator AXTEL
increased its WiMAX subscriber base more than 80% to
over 332,000. In Europe, Irish operator Imag!ne, Bul-
garian operator Max Telecom and Lithuanian operator
LRTC all also made great subscriber gains and released
new consumer devices.
In Japan, UQ Communications has nearly tripled in the
last six months, breaking the one million subscriber
mark in June. Also in Asia Pacific, new Malaysian WiMAX
operator YTL, which just launched WiMAX services in
November 2010, had netted over 300,000 subscribers
by June. At an event in July, in which UQ Communica-
tions hosted the first public field trial of WiMAX 2, UQ
and YTL signed a MoU to develop a pan-Pacific WiMAX
hotzone.
As subscriber counts con-
tinue to grow throughout
2011, operators continue
to invest in new networks
and network expansions. In
the first half of 2011, over
30 different WiMAX net-
works were either launched
or expanded operations.
According to Infonetics
Research, in the first quarter
of 2011 the total worldwide
sales of WiMAX equipment
reached USD $502.1 million.
Webb added in a release,
“WiMAX equipment is one
of the few segments of
the mobile infrastructure
market to see sequential
revenue growth this quarter (albeit small), and also is
up 49% year-on-year, driven by expansion of existing
networks and by the emerging utility and smart grid seg-
ment, which is proving fruitful for WiMAX vendors.”In
2011,Infonetics Research expects WiMAX equipment
alone to be a USD $2 billion industry. According to
market intelligence firm Infiniti Research, the WiMAX
equipment market will reach $6.9 billion in 2014.
“With over $500 million spent in the first quarter of 2011
on WiMAX RAN equipment alone, WiMAX technology is
continuing to attract operators interested in bringing
broadband internet to their customers immediately,”
“Worldwide WiMAX subscribers passed the 20 million mark around
the mid-point of 2011 and are on track to meet our
forecast for around 25 million by the end of this
year.” (Infonetics Research)
24 Engineers’ Guide to WiMAX and LTE Solutions 2012
EECatalog INDUSTRY FORECAST
said Ron Resnick, president and chairman of the WiMAX
Forum. “Consumers easily recognize the value of 4G
services, and the entire industry is benefiting through
strong subscriber growth and equipment and device
sales.”
To date, WiMAX Forum Designated Certification Labs
have completed certification for more than 265 products
including smartphones, notebooks, netbooks, dongles,
base stations and more. The WiMAX Forum has six
partner labs offering certification testing to its member
companies, including loca-
tions in China, Korea,
Malaysia, the United States
and two labs in Taiwan.
In addition to the tradi-
tional telecommunications
industry, other opportuni-
ties for WiMAX vendors
are emerging in industry
verticals such as aviation,
education, energy, govern-
ment and healthcare. The
U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the
European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) recently chose
WiMAX as their technology of choice for airport terres-
trial communications services. Over the next five years,
WiMAX technology will be deployed in 2,000 airports in
the U.S. In Australia, SP Ausnet deployed the world ’s first
WiMAX-based smart metering network. The network
has more than 680,000 WiMAX-connected smart meters
capable of delivering 100% meter population read within
two-hour periods and 15,000 on-demand reads per day.
While the news is good for WiMAX, other standards
continue to make inroads. LTE equipment spending,
specifically, surpassed WiMAX equipment for the first
time in the second quarter of 2011, with the global LTE
market at about $0.6 billion and WiMAX at $0.5 billion.
In September, Infonetics Research released excerpts from
its second quarter 2011 2G/3G/4G (LTE and WiMAX)
Infrastructure and Subscribers report, which takes a
comprehensive look at the mobile and wireless equipment
markets. Stéphane Téral, Infonetics Research’s principal
analyst for mobile infrastructure, stated, “Although LTE
and 4G continue to make the headlines, GSM was defi-
nitely the 2Q11 reality, with massive capacity upgrades
in China and India. In addition, 2G and 3G network
modernization with multi-
standard base transceiver
stations (BTS) continues to
be strong and will remain
the main theme throughout
the second half of 2011.”
LTE is starting to gain
critical momentum, with
12 countries that have com-
mercial LTE services. ABI
Research projects that by
the end of the year there
will be about 16 million subscribers using LTE mobile
devices, and Infonetics Research forecasts the number of
LTE subscribers will top 290 million by 2015.
Cheryl Berglund Coupé is editor of EECatalog.
com. Her articles have appeared in EE Times,
Electronic Business, Microsoft Embedded Re-
view and Windows Developer’s Journal and
she has developed presentations for the Embed-
ded Systems Conference and ICSPAT. She has
held a variety of production, technical marketing and writing
positions within technology companies and agencies in the
Northwest.
LTE equipment spending surpassed WiMAX
equipment for the first time in the second quarter of
2011
www.eecatalog.com/4G 25
EECatalog INDUSTRY RESOURCES
Online & Offline ➔ WiMAX and LTE Solutions ResourcesResources
http://eecatalog.com/4G
Comprehensive technology infor-
mation for engineers, designers
and embedded developers and
managers working on WiMAX and
LTE Solutions.
http://www.lteportal.com/
LTE Portal (www.lteportal.com) is
a 4G LTE (LTE-Advanced) media
solutions group.
http://www.schooloflte.com/
Telecoms Academy’s School of
LTE & Advanced Communications
delivers a range of essential LTE
training courses covering all
aspects of LTE (Long Term Evolu-
tion) and associated advanced
communications technologies.
http://lteworld.org/resources
LteWorld is home of LTE and LTE-
Advanced technology resources.
Analystshttp://www.infonetics.com/Infonetics Research, founded in 1990, is an international market
research and consulting firm helping clients plan, strategize, and
compete in the global communications market.
http://www.abiresearch.com/ABI Research is a market intelligence company specializing in global
connectivity and emerging technology.
http://www.isuppli.comiSuppli is the global leader in technology value chain research and
advisory services and is now part of IHS.
http://www.frost.com/Frost & Sullivan enables clients to accelerate growth and achieve
best-in-class positions in growth, innovation and leadership.
http://www.vdcresearch.com/Founded in 1971, VDC specializes in providing technology execu-
tives with the market intelligence they need to make critical business
decisions with confidence.
Associationshttp://www.wimaxforum.org/The WiMAX Forum® is an industry-led, not-for-profit organization
that certifies and promotes the compatibility and interoperability of
broadband wireless products based upon IEEE Standard 802.16.
http://www.gsacom.com/GSA (the Global mobile Suppliers Association) represents mobile
suppliers worldwide, engaged in infrastructure, semiconductors,
devices, services and applications development, and support services.
EventsConsumer Electronics Show
Jan 10-13, 2012 – Las Vegas, NV
http://www.cesweb.org/
International Wireless Communications Expo
Feb 20-24, 2012 – Las Vegas, NV
http://iwceexpo.com/iwce2012/public/enter.aspx
Mobile World Congress
Feb 27-Mar 1, 2012 – Barcelona, Spain
http://www.mobileworldcongress.com/
Convergence India
Mar 21-23, 2012 – Pragati Maidan, New Delhi
http://www.convergenceindia.org/
European Wireless Conference
April 18-20, 2012 – Poznań, Poland
http://ew2012.org/
4G World Asia
April 19-21, 2012 – Singapore
http://asia.4gworld.com/
LTE World Summit
May 23-24, 2012 – CCIB, Barcelona, Spain
http://www.lteconference.com/world
CTIA 2012: Inside the Network
June 5-7, 2012 – Dallas, TX
www.ctia2011.org
WiMax Member Conferences
http://www.wimaxforum.org/events
Engineers’ Guide to WiMAX and LTE Solutions 2012
CONTACT INFORMATION
Adax Inc.
Adax Inc.2900 Lakeshore AveOakland, CA 94610USA510-548-7047 Telephone510-548-5526 [email protected]
◆ AMC System Interconnect
AMC ports 0-1 and 8-9◆ Front Panel LEDs
◆ Interfaces
AVAILABILITY
Available Now
APPLICATION AREAS
ATM4-AMCCompatible Operating Systems: Linux and Solaris as standard.
Specification Compliance:
The ATM4-AMC card is a high performance AdvancedTCA Mezzanine Controller designed for use in all aspects of tele-communications networks. The ATM4 includes support for
interworking between Gigabit Ethernet interfaces and ATM
and Next Generation Mobile Networks.
The ATM4 enables development flexibility in building Next
converter. This flexibility enables integrators to satisfy a
saving development time and allowing customers to inte-grate their solutions ahead of the competition.
◆ ATM AAL2 & AAL5 on a single trunk◆ 256 Virtual Circuits (VCs) for AAL5 termination
TECHNICAL SPECS
◆ W◆ Protocol Support
AM
C B
oardsAM
C B
oard
s
www.eecatalog.com/4G
CONTACT INFORMATION
Adax Inc.
Adax Inc.2900 Lakeshore AveOakland, CA 94610USA510-548-7047 Telephone510-548-5526 [email protected]
G.823
card◆ AMC System Interconnect
PCI Express:pipes region port 4-7 (root complex)Gigabit Ethernet: Two Gigabit Ethernet 1000Base-
port 0-1. ◆ AMC Front Panel LED Interfaces
AVAILABILITY
Available Now
APPLICATION AREAS
HDC3Compatible Operating Systems:
Specification Compliance:
The HDC3 is the third generation of the highly successful
well as I-TDM voice interworking. The HDC3 provides a
interworking applications.
making it ideal for demanding telecommunications appli-
The low-power on board processor performs many thou-
reducing system costs without compromising reliability.
-
scalable and portable signaling solution for all system archi-tectures that maximizes protection of investment.
FEATURES & BENEFITS
◆ 8◆ A
ExpressModule) board formats◆
utilization◆
card◆ n board processor and STREAMS environment for
and maximizes performance
TECHNICAL SPECS
◆ Interfaces:T1:TR-TSY-000170E1:
J1:interfaces (software selectable)
AM
C B
oardsB
oard
s
Engineers’ Guide to WiMAX and LTE Solutions 2012
CONTACT INFORMATION
Adax Inc.
Adax Inc.2900 Lakeshore AveOakland, CA 94610USA510-548-7047 Telephone510-548-5526 [email protected]
◆ Interfaces
AVAILABILITY
Available Now
APPLICATION AREAS
PacketAMC (PktAMC)Specification Compliance: AMC.0 R2.0 Advance Mezzanine Card Base
-formance is brought to bear on user and control plane
-
the Edge to Core networks.
processing of the Layer 2 protocols can reside on the
FEATURES & BENEFITS
◆
◆
◆ Carrier Ethernet
◆
TECHNICAL SPECS
◆ Processor
◆ Ethernet Controller
◆ Memory
800MHz data rate (2GB standard)
AM
C B
oardsAM
C B
oard
s
www.eecatalog.com/4G
CONTACT INFORMATION
Adax Inc.
Adax Inc.2900 Lakeshore AveOakland, CA 94610USA510-548-7047 Telephone510-548-5526 [email protected]
◆ Ethernet Controller
interfaces and three 10Gbps interfaces◆ Memory
standard)
◆ Interfaces
AVAILABILITY
Available Now
APPLICATION AREAS
Adax PacketRunner (APR)Specification Compliance:
-rier blade for process intensive telecom applications. It has 4 AMC bays to take any combination of Adax or other industry standard AMC cards.
-
and control plane applications.
and access to host processing power at a viable price
signaling on a single blade without the need for a gen-
high-performance control and user plane services from one tightly coupled resource.
-
with no loss of service and network operators are able
into the future.
FEATURES & BENEFITS
◆
◆ 4 AMC bays for Adax and/or 3rd party AMC cards◆
DDR2 Memory◆ Robust power & thermal management◆
TECHNICAL SPECS
◆ Processor
(option)
BladesB
lade
s
Engineers’ Guide to WiMAX and LTE Solutions 2012
CONTACT INFORMATION
Adax Inc.
Adax Inc.2900 Lakeshore AveOakland, CA 94610USA510-548-7047 Telephone510-548-5526 [email protected]
TECHNICAL SPECS
◆ SS7 Application Compatibility
◆ Interfaces Available
◆ Management
protection
◆ Hardware Options
(available with standard single or optional dual
AVAILABILITY
Available Now
APPLICATION AREAS
AdaxGW
from the network and to meet this challenge new LTE tech-
be a while in the making. Legacy connectivity for voice and -
-bases and other Next Generation Mobile applications with legacy circuit switched architecture. This need to intercon-nect different networks demands multi-protocol solutions that combine and connect divergent circuit and packet
-sibilities for replacing expensive dedicated SS7 and ATM
The Adax Gateway (AdaxGW) addresses all of these -
of the AdaxGW enables operators to manage the conver-
satisfy consumer demands for new services and ultimately protect their investment in both traditional signaling and
FEATURES & BENEFITS
◆ Long-haul circuit replacement◆ I◆ Interworking to legacy ATM core networks◆ ffers enhanced routing via GTT◆ T◆ rovides Geographical Redundancy◆ S◆ Multiple simultaneous network presences◆ High Availability (HA) or Simplex solutions◆ I
◆
◆
◆ S
◆ S◆ A
Integrated Platform
sInte
grat
ed P
latf
orm
s
www.eecatalog.com/4G
CONTACT INFORMATION
6WIND
6WINDImmeuble Central Gare1 place Charles de GaulleMontigny-le-Bretonneux, 78180France+1 (650) 968-8768 [email protected]://www.6wind.com
◆ By providing support for a wide range of industry-leading multicore processors, the 6WINDGate software enables you to leverage a single, optimized software platform across your product portfolio based on multiple CPU architectures.
◆ 6WINDGate provides full support for High-Availability frameworks and industry-standard HA configura-tions, enabling the development of mission-critical equipment with requirements for five-nines or zero-downtime reliability.
◆ By delivering up to 10x the networking performance of a standard OS stack, 6WINDGate enables you to meet or exceed the most demanding system performance requirements for next-generation networking, telecom and security equipment.
TECHNICAL SPECS
◆ Optimized support for Cavium OCTEON/OCTEON-II, Freescale QorIQ, Intel® x86, NetLogic XLR/XLS/XLP and Tilera TilePro64
◆ Full support for Linux distributions from the open-source community, from commercial suppliers and from multicore processor vendors.
◆ Comprehensive set of protocols available for control plane, networking stack and fast path environments.
APPLICATION AREAS
Telecom infrastructure, networking equipment, security appliances, data centers.
6WINDGate™ is the Gold Standard in packet processing software for networking equipment, wireless infrastructure, security appliances and data centers. It provides up to 10x the packet processing performance of a standard networking stack, significantly improving the price-performance and power-performance ratios of networking equipment.
6WINDGate is compatible with standard Operating System APIs (e.g. Netfilter, Netlink etc). This ensures that clients can migrate either from a single-core to a multi-core platform, or from one multicore platform to another, without needing to rewrite their existing software. Clients minimize the development time for their base multicore software platform, focusing on their unique product dif-ferentiation and accelerating their time-to-market.
With a full set of Layer 2 through Layer 4 protocols for routing, switching, security and mobility, optimized for multicore systems, 6WINDGate is a drop-in replacement for standard networking stacks. The majority of packets are processed in a fast path environment, executing outside the operating system for optimum performance. Available protocols include:
-
6WINDGate supports multicore processors from Cavium, Freescale, Intel, NetLogic and Tilera.
FEATURES & BENEFITS
◆ 6WINDGate is fully compatible with standard OS APIs, so you can migrate your application software from a single-core to multicore platform, or between differ-ent multicore platforms, without needing to re-write or re-verify your code.
◆ 6WINDGate includes 40+ networking protocols, optimized for multicore platforms, eliminating the need for you to integrate software from multiple suppliers and accelerating your time-to-market, while reducing your schedule risk.
LibrariesLibr
arie
s
32 Engineers’ Guide to WiMAX and LTE Solutions 2012
VIEWPOINT
by Charlie Ashton, 6WIND
LTE Momentum Building, Key Rollout Issues RemainThe mobile industry’s transition to LTE is gaining momentum.
Almost 200 carriers have committed to commercial rollouts and
over 20 offer LTE services. If you like Google Measure, put ‘LTE
Rollout’ into your search bar, narrow the search to the last 30
days, and see what you get - 182,000 results! Companies from
around the world are listed in the results, including Poland