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Worded Problems on Engineering Economics with Basic Accounting Instructions: A) Copy the Assigned Worded Problems, then write the Givens, Required, Diagram, Formulation, and Assumptions needed then write your Solutions and Double-line the answer/s. B) To have mastery on the subject, you are required to practice solving problems related on the subject only. This submission is to monitor and record that activity. C) The standard requirement is 15 worded problems for every unit of the subject. This subject, being a 3 unit subject, will require you to submit at least 45 worded problems whose topics are to be equally distributed to those 45 worded problems. Worded Problems: 1) A man planned to build a house. The cost of property and construction is Php 2,000,000 with the salvage value of Php 400,000 after the life of 10 years. The cost of maintenance is Php 50,000 per year. If the interest rate is 6%, what is the capitalized cost of the house? 2) A man is considering investing Php 500,000 to open a semi-automatic auto-washing business in a city of 400,000 populations. The equipment can wash, on the average, 12 cars per hour, using two men to operate it and to do small amount of handwork. The man plans to hire to men, in addition to him, and operate the station on an 8- hour basis, 6 days per week, and 50 weeks per year. He will pay his employees Php 25.00 per hour. He expects to charge Php 25.00 for a car wash. Out-of-pocket miscellaneous cost would be Php 8,500 per month. He would pay his employees for 2 week for vacation each year. Because of the length of his lease, he must write off his investment within 5 years. His capital now is earning 15%, and he is employed at a steady job that pays Php 25,000 per month. He desires a rate of return of at least 20% on his investment. Using rate of return and annual worth methods, is the investment recommended? 3) A man planned to build a house. The cost of property and construction is Php 2,000,000 with the salvage value of Php 400,000 after the life of 10 years. The cost of maintenance is Php 50,000 per year. If the interest rate is 8%, what is the capitalized cost of the house? 4) A proposed project will require the immediate investment of Php 50,000 and is estimated to have year-end revenues and cost as follows: Year Revenue Costs 1 Php 75,000 Php 60,000 2 90,000 77,500 3 100,000 75,000 4 95,000 80,000 5 60,000 47,500 An additional investment of Php 20,000 will be required at the end of the second year. The project would terminate at the end of the 5 th year, and the assets are estimated to have a salvage value of Php 25,000 at the time. Is this investment economically feasible? 5) A man planned to build a house. The cost of property and construction is Php 2,000,000 with the salvage value of Php 400,000 after the life of 10 years. The cost of maintenance is Php 50,000 per year. If the interest rate is 10%, what is the capitalized cost of the house? 6) Choose from the two machines, which is more economical, if money is worth at least 16%. Specifics Machine A Machine B First Cost Php 8,000 Php 14,000 Salvage value 0 2,000 Annual Operation 3,000 2,400 Annual Maintenance 1,200 1,000 Taxes and insurance 3% 3% Life (years) 10 15 7) A company is going to buy a new machine for manufacturing its product. Four different machines are available. Cost, operating and other expenses are as follows: Specifics Machine A Machine B Machine C Machine D First Cost Php 24,000 Php 30,000 Php 49,600 Php 52,000 Power per year 1,300 1,360 2,400 2,020 Labor per year 11,600 9,320 4,200 2,000 Maintenance per year 2,800 1,900 1,300 700 Taxes and insurance 3% 3% 3% 3% Life (year) 5 5 5 5 Money is worth 17% before taxes to the company. Which machine should be chosen? 8) An untreated electric wooden pole that will last 10 years under certain soil condition cost Php 20,000. If a treated pole will last for 20 years, which is the maximum justifiable amount that can be paid for the treated pole, if the maximum return on investment is 20%. Consider annual taxes and insurance amount to be 1% of first cost.
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Page 1: EngEcon Worded Problems.pdf

Worded Problems on Engineering Economics with Basic Accounting Instructions:

A) Copy the Assigned Worded Problems, then write the Givens, Required, Diagram, Formulation, and Assumptions needed then write your Solutions and Double-line the answer/s.

B) To have mastery on the subject, you are required to practice solving problems related on the subject only. This submission is to monitor and record that activity.

C) The standard requirement is 15 worded problems for every unit of the subject. This subject, being a 3 unit subject, will require you to submit at least 45 worded problems whose topics are to be equally distributed to those 45 worded problems.

Worded Problems: 1) A man planned to build a house. The cost of property and construction is Php 2,000,000 with the salvage value of

Php 400,000 after the life of 10 years. The cost of maintenance is Php 50,000 per year. If the interest rate is 6%, what is the capitalized cost of the house?

2) A man is considering investing Php 500,000 to open a semi-automatic auto-washing business in a city of 400,000

populations. The equipment can wash, on the average, 12 cars per hour, using two men to operate it and to do small amount of handwork. The man plans to hire to men, in addition to him, and operate the station on an 8-hour basis, 6 days per week, and 50 weeks per year. He will pay his employees Php 25.00 per hour. He expects to charge Php 25.00 for a car wash. Out-of-pocket miscellaneous cost would be Php 8,500 per month.

He would pay his employees for 2 week for vacation each year. Because of the length of his lease, he must write off his investment within 5 years. His capital now is earning 15%, and he is employed at a steady job that pays Php 25,000 per month. He desires a rate of return of at least 20% on his investment.

Using rate of return and annual worth methods, is the investment recommended? 3) A man planned to build a house. The cost of property and construction is Php 2,000,000 with the salvage value of

Php 400,000 after the life of 10 years. The cost of maintenance is Php 50,000 per year. If the interest rate is 8%, what is the capitalized cost of the house?

4) A proposed project will require the immediate investment of Php 50,000 and is estimated to have year-end

revenues and cost as follows: Year Revenue Costs

1 Php 75,000 Php 60,000 2 90,000 77,500 3 100,000 75,000 4 95,000 80,000 5 60,000 47,500

An additional investment of Php 20,000 will be required at the end of the second year. The project would terminate at the end of the 5th year, and the assets are estimated to have a salvage value of Php 25,000 at the time. Is this investment economically feasible?

5) A man planned to build a house. The cost of property and construction is Php 2,000,000 with the salvage value of

Php 400,000 after the life of 10 years. The cost of maintenance is Php 50,000 per year. If the interest rate is 10%, what is the capitalized cost of the house?

6) Choose from the two machines, which is more economical, if money is worth at least 16%.

Specifics Machine A Machine B First Cost Php 8,000 Php 14,000 Salvage value 0 2,000 Annual Operation 3,000 2,400 Annual Maintenance 1,200 1,000 Taxes and insurance 3% 3% Life (years) 10 15

7) A company is going to buy a new machine for manufacturing its product. Four different machines are available.

Cost, operating and other expenses are as follows: Specifics Machine A Machine B Machine C Machine D

First Cost Php 24,000 Php 30,000 Php 49,600 Php 52,000 Power per year 1,300 1,360 2,400 2,020 Labor per year 11,600 9,320 4,200 2,000 Maintenance per year 2,800 1,900 1,300 700 Taxes and insurance 3% 3% 3% 3% Life (year) 5 5 5 5

Money is worth 17% before taxes to the company. Which machine should be chosen? 8) An untreated electric wooden pole that will last 10 years under certain soil condition cost Php 20,000. If a treated

pole will last for 20 years, which is the maximum justifiable amount that can be paid for the treated pole, if the maximum return on investment is 20%. Consider annual taxes and insurance amount to be 1% of first cost.

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****PRESENT ECONOMY**** 9) A building contractor is faced with the problem of possibly paying liquidated damages of Php2,000 per day for the

delay in the completion of his work in accordance with a contract. The facts are as follows: a) Number of days left on the contract time = 30 days; b) At present the working force is: 40 skilled workers with a daily wage of Php40.00 each, 20 unskilled workers

with a daily wage of Php32.00 each; c) The daily wage is based on an 8-hour day’s work; d) If he maintains the present number of men he will finish the work in 50 days; e) Overtime rate is 25% more than regular rate.

If he allows the present working force to work overtime of 2 hours a day, in how many days will he finish the work? How much are his savings or loss?

10) The monthly demand for ice cans being manufactured by Mr. Cruz is 3,200 pieces. With a manually operated

guillotine the unit cutting cost is Php25.00. An electrically operated hydraulic guillotine was offered to him at a price of Php275,000 and which reduced by 30% the unit cutting cost. Disregarding the cost of money, how many months will Mr. Cruz be able to recover the cost of the machine if he decides to buy now?

11) A contractor has 50 men of the same capacity at work on a job. They can complete the work in 30 days, the

working day being 8 hours, but the contract expires in 20 days. He decides to put 20 additional men. If all the men get Php3.00 per day for a full or part time day, and if the liquidated damages are Php100.00 for every full or part day he requires over his contract time, will he complete the work on time, and if not, would he save money by putting enough men to complete it on time?

12) A building contractor is faced with the problem of possibly paying liquidated damages of Php2,000 per day for the

delay in the completion of his work in accordance with a contract. The facts are as follows: a) Number of days left on the contract time = 30 days; b) At present the working force is: 40 skilled workers with a daily wage of Php40.00 each, 20 unskilled workers

with a daily wage of Php32.00 each; c) The daily wage is based on an 8-hour day’s work; d) If he maintains the present number of men he will finish the work in 50 days; e) Overtime rate is 25% more than regular rate.

If the contractor puts additional men maintaining the ratio of two skilled workers to one unskilled worker in order to finish the work on time, how many will he add? Consider no overtime work.

13) A man would like to invest Php50,000 in government bonds and stocks that will give an overall annual return of

5%. The money to be invested in government bonds will give an annual return of 4½% and the stocks of about 6% annual return. The investments are in units of Php100.00 each. If he desires to keep his stock investment to a minimum in order to reduce his risk, determine how many government bonds and how many stocks should he purchase?

14) A building contractor has a contract which will expire in 30 days. He has 80 men on the job and can finish the job

in 50 days. The wage per day of 40 men is Php6.00 each and that of the other 40 men is Php4.00 each for 8 hours work per day. The fine or liquidated damages for delay in the work is Php100.00. per day. How many more men should the contractor add in order to enable him to complete the work on time? Assuming that the additional men to be added will be paid Php6.00 per day, will the contractor save money by employing enough men for him to complete the work on time or by not adding more men and paying the fine? How much is the savings, if any? No overtime work is permitted.

15) A building contractor is faced with the problem of possibly paying liquidated damages of Php2,000 per day for the

delay in the completion of his work in accordance with a contract. The facts are as follows: a) Number of days left on the contract time = 30 days; b) At present the working force is: 40 skilled workers with a daily wage of Php40.00 each, 20 unskilled workers

with a daily wage of Php32.00 each; c) The daily wage is based on an 8-hour day’s work; d) If he maintains the present number of men he will finish the work in 50 days; e) Overtime rate is 25% more than regular rate.

Should the contractor allow overtime work of two hours a day, how many men will he add in order to finish the work on time? How much will he save or lose?

16) A contract is let for Php10,000. It is to be completed in four weeks time, subject to a penalty of Php240 per day if

that time is exceeded. At the end of 3 weeks the work is 60% complete. Cost of labor was initially estimated at Php4,000 when working 40 hours per week. If overtime labor must be compensated at double time and work is 8 hours per day straight time, on the revised work schedule determine: a) Would it be cheaper to take the penalty or to complete the job by working overtime? b) By what percent would the estimated labor cost be increased by the cheaper plan?

17) In a gold mining area in Davao the ore contains, on the average, one ounce of gold per ton. One method of

processing “A” costs Php1,500 per ton and recovers 90% of the gold. Another method “B” costs only Php1,200 per ton and recovers 80% of the gold. If gold can be sold for Php4,000 per ounce, which method is better and by how much?

Bill
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18) A cement kiln with production capacity of 130 tons per 24-hour day of clinker has its burning zone about 45 tons of

magnesite chrome bricks being replaced periodically depending on some operational factors and the life of the bricks. If locally produced bricks cost Php25,000 per ton and have a life of 4 months, while certain imported bricks costing Php30,000 per ton and have a life of 6 months, determine the more economical bricks and by how much?

19) An equipment installation job in the completion stage can be completed in 40 days of 8 hours work per day with 40

men working. With the contract expiring in 30 days, the mechanical engineer contractor decided to add 10 more men on the job, overtime not being permitted. If the liquidated damages is Php2,000 per day of delay, and the men are paid Php80.00 a day, will the engineer be able to complete the job on time? Would he save money by adding more men?

20) A jewelry craftsman needs 100 grams of gold alloy containing 75% pure gold for his products. Only two alloys of

gold are available from a Davao supplier, the first 80% pure gold and the other 60% pure gold. How many grams of each gold alloy must he buy to suit his requirements?

21) The quarrying cost of marble and granite blocks plus delivery cost to the processing plant for each is Php2,400 per

cu.m. Processing cost of marble into tiles is Php200 per sq.m., and that of granite into tiles is Php600 per sq.m. If marble has a net yield of 40 sq.m. of tiles per cu.m. of block and sells at Php400 per sq.m, and granite gives a

net yield of 50 sq.m. of tile per cu.m. of block, and sells at Php1,000 per sq.m., determine the more profitable material considering all other costs to be the same, and by how much?

****INTEREST AND DISCOUNT**** 22) Five years ago a house was purchased for Php34,000. If it is sold today for Php50,000, what is the rate of

appreciation of its value? 23) Annie buys a television set from a merchant who asks for Php1,250 if paid at the end of 60 days. However, Annie

wishes to pay immediately and the merchant offers to compute the cash price now. What is the cash price today if money is worth 8% simple interest?

24) Juan dela Cruz borrowed money from a bank. He received Php1,340 and promised to pay Php1,500 at the end of

9 months. Determine the following: a) The rate of simple interest; b) The corresponding discount rate.

25) A man borrows money from a bank which uses a simple discount rate of 14%. He signs a promissory note

promising to pay Php500 per month at the end of the 4th, 6th, and 7th months, respectively. Determine the amount he received from the back.

26) An amount of Php3,000 is invested for 9 years at 6% compounded quarterly. Determine the amount of interest

earned by the investment. 27) If Php10,000 is invested at 12% interest compounded annually, determine how many years it will take to double. 28) Which is better for an investor, to invest at 5½% compounded semi-annually or 5% compounded monthly? 29) Mr. W borrowed Php2,000 from Mr. Y. on June 1, 1928 and Php500 on June 1, 1930. Mr. W. paid Php500 on June

1, 1931, Php400 on June 1, 1932, and Php700 on June 1, 1993. If money is worth 5% compounded annually, what additional payment should Mr. W pay on June 1, 1936 to discharge all remaining liability?

30) How long will it take Php500 to be four times in value if invested at the rate of 7% compounded semi-annually?

What is the effective rate of interest? 31) It is the practice of almost all banks in the Philippines that when they grant a loan that the interest for one year is

automatically deducted from the principal amount upon release of money to the borrower. Let us therefore assume that you applied for a loan with a bank and amount of Php80,000 was approved at an interest rate of 14% of which Php11,200 was deducted and you were given a check for Php68,000. Since you have to pay Php80,000 one year after, what then will be the effective interest rate?

32) The sum of Php26,000 was deposited in a fund earning interest at 8% interest per annum compounded quarterly.

What was the amount in the fund at the end of 3 years? 33) The Philippine Society of Mechanical Engineers is planning to construct its own building. Two proposals are being

considered: a) The construction of the building now to cost Php400,000; b) The construction of a smaller building now, to cost Php300,000 and at the end of 5 years, an extension to be

added to cost Php200,000. Which proposal is more economical if interest is 20%, depreciation is disregarded and by how much?

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34) If the sum of Php15,000 is deposited in an account earning 4% per annum compounded quarterly, what will be the amount of the deposit at the end of 5 years?

35) A man who won Php300,000 in a lottery decided to place 50% of his winnings in a trust fund fro the college

education of his son. If the money will earn 14% a year compounded quarterly, how much will the man have at the end of 10 years, when his son will be starting his college education?

36) A man borrowed Php25,000 from a bank for which he signed a promissory note to repay the loan at the end of one

year. He only received the amount of Php21,915 after the bank collected the advance interest and an additional amount of Php85.00 for legal fees. What is the rate of interest that the bank charged?

37) One plan to raise money for Texas schools involves an “enrichment tax” that could collect Php56 for every student

in a certain school district and the cash flow begins 2 years from now, what is the present worth of the enrichment plan over a 5-year planning period at an interest rate of 8% per year?

38) Bacnotan Iron and Steel purchased a new machine for ram cambering large I-beams. The company expects to

bend 80 beams at Php2,000 per beam in each of the first 3 years, after which the company expects to 100 beams per year at Php2,500 per beam through year 8. If the company’s minimum attractive rate of return is 18% per year, what is the present worth of the expected income?

39) Rubbermaid Plastics plans to purchase a rectilinear robot for pulling parts from an injection molding machine.

Because of the robot’s speed, the company expects production costs to decrease by Php100,000 per year in each of the first 3 years and by Php200,000 per year in the next 2 years. What is the present worth of the cost savings if the company uses an interest rate of 15% per year on such investment?

40) Toyco Watercraft has a contract with a parts supplier that involves purchases amounting to Php150,000 per year,

with the first purchase to be made now, followed by similar purchases over the next 5 years. Determine the present worth of the contract at an interest rate of 10% per year.

****ANNUITIES AND CAPITALIZED COST**** 41) A house and lot was offered for Php87,000 with a 10% down payment and a monthly payment of Php500 per

month for 25 years. What is the monthly interest rate and effective rate? 42) The average annual cost of damages caused by floods to a certain subdivision located along the Pasig River is

estimated at Php700,000. To build a gravity dam to protect the area from flood would cost Php2,500,000 and would involve an annual maintenance cost of Php20,000. With interest at 8% compounded annually, how many years will it take for the dam to pay for itself?

43) A man wishes to have Php350,000 when he retires 15 years from now. If he can expect to receive 4% annual

interest, how much must he set aside beginning at the end of each of the 15 years? 44) An investor deposits Php10,000 per year in a bank which offers an interest of 18% per annum for time deposits of

over 5 years. Compute how much the investor can collect at the end of 13 years, assuming that he never withdraws any amount before the 13th year.

45) A man wishes to prepare the future of his ten-year old son. Determine the monthly savings that he should make

with interest at 5.41% per annum to amount to Php1,200,000 at the time his son will be 18 years old. 46) A building and loan association requires that loans be repaid by uniform monthly payments which include monthly

interest calculated on the basis of nominal interest of 5.4% per annum. If Php50,000 is borrowed to be repaid in 10 years, what must the monthly payment be?

47) You want to start saving for your ten-year old son’s college education. If you are guaranteed 6% interest

compounded quarterly, how much would you have to save each month to amount to Php1,200,000 by the time he is 18 years old?

48) A man bought a house and lot worth Php300,000 in a subdivision in Metro-Manila. The annual amortization for the

house and lot is Php34,000. Determine the rate of interest he was charged by the subdivision owners. 49) Find the annual payments to extinguish a debt of Php60,000 payable in 5 years at 12% compounded annually. 50) A man purchases a computer worth Php15,000 with interest at 5% payable semi-annually. He signed a contract to

pay Php5,000 and the balance, principal and interest included, by equal payments at the end of each 6 months for 10 years. At the end of 4 years this computer was sold to yield the investor 7% payable semi-annually. Find the price he was paid.

51) A man owes Php50,000 with interest at 6% payable semi-annually. What equal payments at the beginning of each

6 months for 8 years will discharge his debt?

Bill
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52) The Php100,000 cost of an equipment was made available through a loan which earns 12% per annum. If the loan will be paid in 10 equal annual payments, how much is the annual installments?

53) A mechanical engineer designed a mechanical device costing Php200,000. Maintenance will cost Php10,000 each

year. The device will generate revenues of Php50,000 each year for 5 years, after which the salvage value is expected to be Php70,000. Draw the cash flow diagram. What is the difference of the Present worth on cash-out from cash-in?

54) A father wishes to provide Php400,000 for his son’s 21st birthday. How much should he deposit every 6 months in

a savings bank which pays 3% compounded semi-annually, if first deposit is made when the son is 3½ years old? 55) If money is worth 12% compounded quarterly and n=5, compute the present value of the following:

a) Php100.00 received monthly in year n; b) Php100.00 received monthly for n years.

56) A shirt factory has just installed a boiler. It is expected that there will be no maintenance expenses until the end of

the 11th year, when Php400 will be spent on the boiler. The same amount will be spent at the end of each successive year until the boiler is scrapped at the end of 35 years. What sum of money set aside at this time will take care of all maintenance expenses?

57) A Filipino contractor in the Middle East plans to purchase a new office building costing Php10,000,000. He agrees

to pay Php1,500,000 annually for 20 years. At the end of this time he estimates that he can resell the building for at least Php6,000,000. Instead of buying the building he can lease it for Php1,040,000 a year. All payments are to be made at the beginning of each year and the rate of interest is 10%. Should the contractor purchases or lease the building?

58) XYZ Inc. plans to construct an additional building at the end of 10 years at an estimated cost of Php5,000,000. To

accumulate this amount it will deposit equal year-end amounts in a fund earning 13%. However, at the end of the 5th year it decided to have a larger building estimated to cost Php8,000,000. What should be the annual deposit for the last 5 years?

59) A computer cost Php105,000. It can be leased for an annual rent of Php30,000 payable at the beginning of each

year throughout it s economic life of 5 years. No salvage value is expected at the end of 5 years. Cost of capital is 10% and the applicable income tax rate is 40%. Should the computer be purchased or leased?

60) A refrigeration equipment fabricator sold an ice drop making machine which the condition that is case the machine

will not be able to produce the guaranteed capacity, he will deduct from the agreed price of the machine the loss of revenue that the buyer will incur during the economic life of the machine which is 5 years, plus 12% cost of money. One month after the machine was delivered the buyer complained to the fabricator that he was not getting the guaranteed production. After a series of tests, it was determined that the buyer would be losing Php4,000 worth of unrealized sales per year. Assuming no increase in operation cost if guaranteed production is attained, how much must the buyer deduct from the agreed price of the machine?

61) A company manufacturing acids, upon inspection of the plant, found out that it is badly corroded from the acid

fumes and would need to be replaced. To try to get some more life out of the roofing, the company consulted a roofing coating contractor who presented the company with two options. The first option is a coating that will cost Php20,000 which would extend the life of the roofing for 3 years from the date of application, and the second option will cost Php30,000 and which would extend the life of the roofing for 5 years fro the date of application. At what rate of return are the investment equal?

62) A fully secured loan of Php30,000 was to be amortized by 10 equal semi-annual payments, the first payment to be

made 6 months after the loan is approved. After the 6th payment was made the debtor was in a position to settle the entire balance remaining by a single payment on that date. If the interest on the loan is 12% compounded semi-annually, what would be the amount of the single payment?

63) A machine has just been purchased for Php1.2 million. It is anticipated that the machine will be held 5 years, that

it will have a salvage value of Php80,000 based on current prices, and that the annual rate of inflation during the next 5 years will be 7%. The machine will be replaced by a duplicate and the firm will accumulate the necessary capital by making equal year-end deposits in a reserve fund that earns 6% per annum. Determine the amount of the annual deposit.

64) A man agreed to pay the loan he is borrowing from a bank in six equal year-end payments of Php71,477.70.

Interest is 18% per annum, compounded annually, and is included in the yearly amount he will be paying the bank. How much money is the man borrowing from the bank?

65) A woman wishes to purchase a set of appliances with a total cost of Php20,000. She made a down payment of

Php5,000 and the balance payable in 24 equal monthly installments. If financing charge is 12% each year computed on the total balance to be paid by installment and interest is 12%, a) How much would each installment payment be? b) What will be the actual cost of money?

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66) A new company developed a program in which employees will be allowed to purchase shares of stock of the

company at the end of its fifth year of operation, when the company is thought to have gained stability, at par value of Php100 per share. Believing in the good potential of the company, an employee decided to save in a bank the amount of Php8,000 at the end of every year which will earn 9% interest, compounded annually. How many shares will he be able to purchase at the end of the fifth year?

67) A company has approved a car plan for its six senior officers in which the company will shoulder 25% of the cost

and the difference payable by each officer to a financing company in 48 equal end-of-the-month installments at an interest rate of 1.5% per month. If the cost of each car is Php350,00, determine the Total amount each owner will have to shoulder.

68) If Php10,000 is deposited each year for 9 years, how much annuity can a person get annually from a bank every

year fro 8 years starting one year after the ninth deposit is made? Money is worth 14%. 69) An employee earning Php12,000 a month can only afford to buy a car requiring a down payment of Php10,000 and

a monthly amortization of not more than 30% of his monthly salary. What would be the maximum cash value of a car he can purchase if the seller will agree to a down payment of Php10,000 and the balance payable in 4 years at 18% per year payable on a monthly basis? The first payment will be due at the end of the first months.

70) A company has approved a car plan for its six senior officers in which the company will shoulder 25% of the cost

and the difference payable by each officer to a financing company in 48 equal end-of-the-month installments at an interest rate of 1.5% per month. If the cost of each car is Php350,000, determine the amount each officer has to pay the finance company each month.

71) A machinery supplier is offering a certain machine on a 10% down payment and the balance payable in equal year-

end payments without interest for 2 years. Under this arrangement the price is pegged at Php250,000. However, for cash purchase the machine would only cost Php195,000. What is the equivalent interest rate that is charged on the two-year payment plan if interest is compounded quarterly?

72) Determine the amount needed now to purchase a machine for Php100,000, provide an annual fund of Php15,000

for operation and maintenance, and to replace it at the same cost at the end of every ten-year period. Money is worth 7½% compounded annually.

73) A new storage tank can be purchased and installed for Php50,000, and is expected to last for 10 years. However,

an existing tank of equivalent capacity may be continued to be used if it is repaired. If this tank were repaired its estimated useful life is 3 years, then the same type of repairs will have to be done again. Assume that future costs will remain the same and that the tanks will have no scrap value. Money is worth 10% compounded annually. How much can be spent for repairing the existing tank if the capitalized cost of the two tanks are the same?

74) A chemical reactor, which will contain corrosive liquids, has been designed. The reactor may be made of mild steel

or stainless steel. The initial cost, including installation, of a mild steel reactor is expected to be Php72,000 and would last 5 years. Stainless steel is more resistant to the corrosive action of the liquids, but is more expensive at the cost of Php120,000. Assuming that both types of reactors will have no salvage or scrap value at the end of their useful lives and could be replaced at the same cost as before, and if money is worth 12% compounded annually, what should the useful life of the stainless reactor be so that the capitalized cost are equal?

75) Compute the values of the Present and Future worth from the data below where interest rate is 10%:

Period Value Cash Flow 0 Present Worth Php 0 1 Php 0 2 Php 80 3 Php 160 4 Php 240 5 Php 320 6 Future Worth Php 400

76) Compute the values of the Present and Future worth from the data below where interest rate is 10%:

Period Value Cash Flow 0 Present Worth Php 50 1 Php 50 2 Php 130 3 Php 210 4 Php 290 5 Php 370 6 Future Worth Php 450

77) Compute the values of the Present Worth and “X” from the data below where interest rate is 10%:

Period Value Cash Flow 0 Present Worth 0

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1 X 2 2X 3 3X 4 4X 5 5X 6 Future Worth = Php10,000 6X

78) For the gradient series shown where interest rate is 10%, compute the values of Present and Future Worth, and

value of Annuity for the equivalent uniform series: Period Value Cash Flow

0 Present Worth Php 0 1 Php 1,000 2 Php 900 3 Php 800 4 Php 700 5 Php 600 6 Future Worth Php 500

79) Compute the value of “X” so that the two cash flows will be equivalent where interest rate for both is 12%. Hint:

The present or accumulated values for the cash flows should be equal. Period First Cash Flow Second Cash Flow

0 Php 0 0 1 Php 0 5X 2 Php 700 4X 3 Php 1,400 3X 4 Php 2,100 2X 5 Php 2,800 X

80) Suppose an engineer receives an initial annual salary of Php24,000 increasing at the rate of Php1,200 a year. If

money is worth 12%, determine his equivalent annual salary for a period of 10 years. 81) The year-end operating and maintenance cost of a certain machine are estimated to be Php4,800 the first year and

to increase by Php800 each year thereafter during its eight-year life. If capital is worth 15%, determine the equivalent uniform year-end costs.

82) An inventor was offered the following alternatives as royalties for his invention:

a) A single lump sum payment of Php350,000 for the right to manufacture the invention for the next 5 years; b) An initial payment of Php100,000 and year-end payments as follows:

End of Year Royalty Payments 1 Php 0 2 Php 50,000 3 Php 100,000 4 Php 150,000 5 Php 200,000

If money is worth 15% to the inventor, which alternative is better for him? Disregard income tax considerations. 83) For the following arithmetic gradient series, with interest at 10%, find the Present worth.

End of Year Royalty Payments 1 Php 0 2 Php 800 3 Php 1,600 4 Php 2,400 5 Php 3,200 6 Php 4,000

84) For the following arithmetic gradient series, with interest at 10%, find the value at the end of year 6.

End of Year Royalty Payments 1 Php 0 2 Php 800 3 Php 1,600 4 Php 2,400 5 Php 3,200 6 Php 4,000

85) For the following arithmetic gradient series, with interest at 10%, find the value at the end of year 10, assuming no

further deposits after the sixth year. End of Year Royalty Payments

1 Php 0 2 Php 800 3 Php 1,600

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4 Php 2,400 5 Php 3,200 6 Php 4,000

86) For the following arithmetic gradient series, with interest at 10%, find the equivalent uniform series for 6 years.

End of Year Royalty Payments 1 Php 0 2 Php 800 3 Php 1,600 4 Php 2,400 5 Php 3,200 6 Php 4,000

87) A machine in a factory has the following end-of-year maintenance costs:

End of Year Royalty Payments 1 Php 720 2 Php 800 3 Php 880 4 Php 960 5 Php 1,040 6 Php 1,120 7 Php 1,200

In interest is 14.8% compounded annually, determine the present worth of this series. 88) A company owes Php80,000, which includes the interest, to be paid one year from now. To provide for the

repayment of this debt, the company deposits Php2,000 at the beginning of the first month, Php4,000 at the beginning of the second month, increasing the deposits in each succeeding month by Php2,000 until the beginning of the eight month. These amounts earn interest at the rate of 9% compounded monthly. Will the total amount in the fund at the end of 12 months be sufficient to repay the debt? If not, how much more is needed?

89) For the cash flow shown, find Present Worth (P) and Future Worth (F) if Interest (i) = 18% per year and

incremental increase (r) = 12%: Period Value Cash Flow

0 Present Worth Php 0 1 Php 500 2 Php 560 3 Php 627.20 4 Php 702.46 5 Php 786.76 6 Future Worth Php 881.17

90) For the cash flow shown, find Present Worth (P) and Future Worth (F) is Interest (i) = 18% per year and

incremental increase (r) = 10%: Period Value Cash Flow

0 Present Worth Php 0 1 Php 600 2 Php 660 3 Php 726 4 Php 798.60 5 Php 787.46 6 Php 966.31 7 Php 0 8 Future Worth Php 0

91) For the cash flow shown, find Present Worth (P) and Future Worth (F) is Interest (i) = 15% and incremental rate

(r) = -20%: Period Value Cash Flow

0 Present Worth Php 0 1 Php 5,000 2 Php 4,000 3 Php 3,200 4 Php 2,560 5 Php 2,048 6 Future Worth Php 1,638.40

92) A man makes a series of ten annual deposits starting at Php2,000 at the end of the first year and increasing the

amount deposited by 10% every year thereafter. Find the total amount at the end of ten years if the rate of interest on all sums on deposit is 8%.

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93) Find the value of “X” in the arithmetic gradient as shown, so that the two cash flows will be equivalent if i = 15% per year:

Period First Cash Flow w/ r = 10% Second Cash Flow 0 Php 0 0 1 Php 1,000 5X 2 Php 1,100 4X 3 Php 1,210 3X 4 Php 1,331 2X 5 Php 1,464.10 X

94) A man makes a series of ten annual deposits starting at Php2,000 at the end of the first year and increasing the

amount deposited by 10% every year thereafter. Find the total amount at the end of ten years if the rate of interest on all sums on deposit is 10%.

95) A parcel of land in a downtown area, suitable for a parking lot, can be leased for a period of 10 years. Initial

development costs for clearing, paving, and constructing a small office shed on the lot is estimated to be Php150,000. If the net annual revenue for the first year is Php22,000 and increases by 10% per year thereafter until the tenth year, and the improvements revert to the owner of the land at the end of 10 years, what is the rate of return on the investment?

96) A man makes a series of ten annual deposits starting at Php2,000 at the end of the first year and increasing the

amount deposited by 10% every year thereafter. Find the total amount at the end of ten years if the rate of interest on all sums on deposit is 12%.

97) Cisco’s gross revenue (the percentage of revenue left after subtracting the cost of goods sold) was 70.1% of total

revenue over a certain 4-year period. If the total revenue was Php5.4 billion for the first 2 years and Php6.1 billion for the last 2 years, what was the equivalent annual worth of the gross revenue over that 4-period period at an interest rate of 20% per year?

98) A Professional Mechanical Engineer decides to set aside money for his newborn daughter’s college education. He

estimates that her needs will be Php20,000 on her 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th birthdays. If he plans to make uniform deposits starting 3 years from now and continue through year 16, what should be the size of each deposit, if the account earns interest at a rate of 8% per year?

99) How much money would you have to pay each year in 8 equal payments, starting 2 years from today, to repay a

Php20,000 load received from a relative today, if the interest rate is 8% per year?

100) An Industrial Engineer is planning for his early retirement 25 years from now. He believes he can comfortably set aside Php10,000 each year starting now. If he plans to start withdrawing money 1 year after he makes his last deposit (i.e. year 26), what uniform amount could he withdraw each year for 30 years, if the account earns interest at a rate of 8% per year?

101) Veco provides standby power to pumping stations using diesel-powered generators. An alternative has arisen

whereby the utilities could use natural gas to power the generators, but it will be a few years before the gas is available at remote sites. The utility company estimates that by switching to gas, it will save Php15,000 per year starting 2 years from now. At an interest rate of 8% per year, determine the equivalent annual worth (years 1 through 10) of the projected savings.

102) The operating cost of a pulverized coal cyclone furnace is expected to be Php80,000 per year. If the steam

produced will be needed on for 5 years beginning now (i.e. years 0 through 5), what is the equivalent annual worth in years 1 through 5 of the operating cost at an interest rate of 10% per year?

103) Life Savings Accounts (LSA) would allow people to invest after-tax money without being taxed on any of the gains.

If an engineer invest Php10,000 now and Php10,000 each year for the next 20 years, how much will be the account immediately after the last deposit if the account grows by 15% per year?

104) How much money was deposited each year for 5 years if the account is now worth Php100,000 and the last

deposit was made 10 years ago? Assume the account earned interest at 7% per year.

105) By spending Php10,000 now and Php25,000 three years from now, a plating company can increase its income in years 4 through 10. At an interest rate of 12% per year, how much extra income per year would be needed in years 4 through 10 to recover the investment?

106) Sierra Electric Company is considering the purchase of a hillside ranch for possible use as a windmill farm sometime

in the future. The owner of the 500-acre ranch will sell for Php3,000 per acre if the company will pay her in two payments – one payment now and another that is twice as large 3 years from now. If transaction interest rate is 8% per year, what is the amount of the first payment?

107) Two equal deposit made 20 and 21 years ago, respectively, will allow a retiree to withdraw Php10,000 now and

Php10,000 per year for 14 more years. If the account earned interest at 10%, how large was each deposit?

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****FINANCING ANY ENTERPRISE**** 108) A debt of Php1,000,000 with interest at the rate of 8%, payable semi-annually, is to be amortized by equal

payments at the end of each 6 months for 4 years. Find the semi-annual payment and construct an amortization schedule.

109) Construct the amortization schedule for a debt of Php100,000 with interest at the rate of 19%, payable semi-

annually, which is paid for, principal and interest included, by payments of Php20,000 at the end of each 6 months for as long as necessary.

110) A man borrowed Php1,000,000 from a bank for home improvement, to be repaid by month-end payments for 12

months. The current rate of interest charged by banks is 19% compounded monthly. Based on this rate, prepare an amortization schedule.

111) A corporation floats Php20,000,000 worth of ten-year callable bonds in 10,000 denominations. The bond rte is 7%

compounded annually. Prepare an amortization schedule. 112) You purchased a Php5,000 bond for Php5,100. The pays Php200 per year. It is redeemable for Php5,050 after 10

years. What is the net rate of interest on your investment? 113) A Php1,000 6% bond pays dividends semi-annually and will be redeemed at 110% on July 1, 1975. It is bought on

July 1, 1972 to yield (4%, m = 2). Find the price when it was bought. 114) A Php1,000,000 debt, in the form of Php1,000 bonds, bears 4% interest payable annually. Construct an

amortization schedule for this issue by ten annual payments as nearly equal as possible. 115) A Php1,000 bond which will mature in 10 years and with a bond rate of 8% payable annually is to be redeemed at

par at the end of this period. It is sold for Php1,030. Determine the yield at this price. 116) A man was offered a Land Bank Certificate with a face value of Php100,000 which bears interest of 8% per year

payable semi-annually and due in 6 years. If the man wants to earn 6% semi-annually, how much must he pay for the certificate?

****DEPRECIATION AND DEPLETION**** 117) Your are planning to sell your electronic manufacturing plant originally costing Php250,000 when it was put up 15

years ago. Some equipment originally costing Php10,000 was replaced 10 years ago with new equipment costing Php15,000. The equipment installed 10 years ago has now depreciated by Php7,500. The depreciation of the remaining portion of the plant originally installed 15 years ago is now Php40,000. Determine the present book value of your plant.

118) A broadcasting corporation purchased equipment worth Php53,000 and paid Php1,500 for freight and delivery

charges to the site. The equipment has a normal life of 10 years with a trade-in value of Php5,000 against the purchase of new equipment at the end of life. Determine the annual depreciation cost by the straight-line method.

119) A machine which cost Php10,000 was sold as scrap after being used for 10 years. If the scrap value was Php500,

determine the total depreciation at the end of the fifth year. 120) A broadcasting corporation purchased equipment worth Php53,000 and paid Php1,500 for freight and delivery

charges to the site. The equipment has a normal life of 10 years with a trade-in value of Php5,000 against the purchase of new equipment at the end of life. Determine the annual depreciation cost by the sinking fund method. Assume interest is 6% compounded annually.

121) A telephone company purchased a microwave radio equipment for Php6,000,000. Freight and installation charges

amounted to 3% of the purchase price. If the equipment is depreciated over an eight-year period with salvage value of 5%, determine the annual depreciation charge using the straight-line method.

122) The cost of a certain asset is Php3,000; its life is 6 years and scrap value is Php500. Find the annual rate of

depreciation under constant percentage method, and construct a depreciation table. 123) A dump truck was bought for Php300,000 six years ago. It will have a salvage value of Php30,000 four years from

now. It is sold now for Php80,000. What is the suck cost if the depreciation method used is the Straight-line method?

124) A television company purchased machinery for Php100,000 on July 1, 1979. It is estimated that it will have a

useful life of ten years, scrap value of Php4,000, production of 400,000 units and working hours of 120,000. The company uses the machinery for 14,000 hours in 1979 and 18,000 hours in 1980. The machinery produces 36,000 units in 1979 and 44,000 units in 1980. Compute the depreciation for 1980 using the Straight-line method.

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125) A telephone company purchased a microwave radio equipment for Php8,000,000. Freight and installation charges amounted to 3% of the purchase price. If the equipment is depreciated over an eight-year period with salvage value of 5%, determine the depreciation charge during the fifth year using the SYD method.

126) A television company purchased machinery for Php100,000 on July 1, 1979. It is estimated that it will have a

useful life of ten years, scrap value of Php4,000, production of 400,000 units and working hours of 120,000. The company uses the machinery for 14,000 hours in 1979 and 18,000 hours in 1980. The machinery produces 36,000 units in 1979 and 44,000 units in 1980. Compute the depreciation for 1980 using the Working hours method.

127) A dump truck was bought for Php300,000 six years ago. It will have a salvage value of Php30,000 four years from

now. It is sold now for Php80,000. What is the suck cost if the depreciation method used is the Sinking fund method at 6%?

128) A tax and duty free importation of a 30-horsepower sand mill for paint manufacturing costs Php360,000. Bank

charges, arrastre and brokerage cost Php5,000. Foundation and installation costs were Php25,000. Other incidental expenses amount to Php20,000. Salvage value of the mill is expected to be Php60,000 after 20 years. Find the appraisal value of the mill using straight-line depreciation at the end of 5 year.

129) A television company purchased machinery for Php100,000 on July 1, 1979. It is estimated that it will have a

useful life of ten years, scrap value of Php4,000, production of 400,000 units and working hours of 120,000. The company uses the machinery for 14,000 hours in 1979 and 18,000 hours in 1980. The machinery produces 36,000 units in 1979 and 44,000 units in 1980. Compute the depreciation for 1980 using the Output method.

130) A tax and duty free importation of a 30-horsepower sand mill for paint manufacturing costs Php360,000. Bank

charges, arrastre and brokerage cost Php5,000. Foundation and installation costs were Php25,000. Other incidental expenses amount to Php20,000. Salvage value of the mill is expected to be Php60,000 after 20 years. Find the appraisal value of the mill using straight-line depreciation at the end of 10 year.

131) On January 1, 1978 the purchasing manager of a cement company bought a new machine costing Php140,000.

Depreciation has been computed by the straight-line method, based on an estimated useful life of 5 years and residual scrap value of Php12,800.

On January 2, 1981 extraordinary repairs (almost equivalent to a rebuilding of the machinery) were performed at a cost of Php30,400. Because of the thorough going nature of these repairs, the normal life of the machinery was extended materially, the revised estimate of useful life was 4 years from 1981.

Determine the annual provision for depreciation for the years 1978 to 1980 and the adjusted provision for depreciation on December 31, 1981. Assume payment in cash for the machine and the repairs.

132) A tax and duty free importation of a 30-horsepower sand mill for paint manufacturing costs Php360,000. Bank

charges, arrastre and brokerage cost Php5,000. Foundation and installation costs were Php25,000. Other incidental expenses amount to Php20,000. Salvage value of the mill is expected to be Php60,000 after 20 years. Find the appraisal value of the mill using straight-line depreciation at the end of 15 year.

133) A machine shop purchased 10 years ago a milling machine for Php60,000. A straight-line depreciation reserve had

been provided based on a 20-year life of the machine. The owner of the machine shop desires to replace the old milling machine with a modern unit having many advantages costing Php100,000. It can sell the old unit for Php20,000. How much new capital will be required for the purchase?

134) A tax and duty free importation of a 30-horsepower sand mill for paint manufacturing costs Php360,000. Bank

charges, arrastre and brokerage cost Php5,000. Foundation and installation costs were Php25,000. Other incidental expenses amount to Php20,000. Salvage value of the mill is expected to be Php60,000 after 20 years. Find the appraisal value of the mill using straight-line depreciation at the end of 20 year.

135) A trenching machine may be used to dig irrigation ditches or pipeline trenches. A contractor purchases one for

Php400,000 and he estimates that it will be able 500,000 meters during its life and he expects to receive Php5,000 as scrap value when he sells it. During a certain year he used the machine to dig 90,000 meters of trench. Determine the depreciation cost for that year.

136) A mining company invested Php25,000,000 to develop an oil well which is estimated to contain 1,000,000 barrels

of oil. During a certain year, 200,000 barrels were produced from this well. Compute the depletion charge during the year.

137) A mining company invested Php25,000,000 to develop an oil well which is estimated to contain 1,000,000 barrels

of oil. During a certain year, 200,000 barrels were produced from this well which earned a total gross income of Php30,000,000. The taxable income after deducting all expenses excluding depletion is Php11,800,000. Determine the allowable depletion allowance for the year.

138) During a certain month, a mining company has a gross income of Php6,500,000 from the production of gold. The

expense for this month excluding depletion is Php4,000,000. If the fixed depletion rate for gold is 15%, what is depletion allowance for this month?

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139) The Carryall Trucking Company uses three delivery trucks that cost Php100,000; Php120,000; and Php150,000.

The estimated salvage values are Php20,000; Php25,000; and Php35,000. All trucks have an expected service life of 10 years. Determine the group depreciation rate.

140) A coal mining company has owned a mine for the past five years. During this time the following tonnage of ore

has been removed each year: 25,000; 32,000; 36,000; 30,000; and 28,000 tons. The mine is estimated to contain a total of 500,000 tons of coal. The initial cost of the mine is Php12,000,000. If the company had a gross income for this coal of Php220 per ton for the first two years, and Php300 per ton for the last three years, determine the depletion charge for each year using the larger values for the two methods.

141) The Rainbow Electric Company uses three production machines. Determine the composite life of stated machines:

Machine Type of Machine First Cost Salvage Value Life No. 1 Cutting machine Php30,000 Php5,000 8 No. 2 Drill press Php22,000 Php4,000 6 No. 3 Sanding machine Php15,000 Php1,500 5

142) A coal mining company has owned a mine for the past five years. During this time the following tonnage of ore

has been removed each year: 25,000; 32,000; 36,000; 30,000; and 28,000 tons. The mine is estimated to contain a total of 500,000 tons of coal. The initial cost of the mine is Php12,000,000. If the company had a gross income for this coal of Php220 per ton for the first two years, and Php300 per ton for the last three years, compute the percent of the initial cost that has been written off in the five years.

143) The Rainbow Electric Company uses three production machines. Determine the composite depreciation rate of the

machines described below: Machine Type of Machine First Cost Salvage Value Life

No. 1 Cutting machine Php30,000 Php5,000 8 No. 2 Drill press Php22,000 Php4,000 6 No. 3 Sanding machine Php15,000 Php1,500 5

144) The Carryall Trucking Company uses three delivery trucks that cost Php100,000; Php120,000; and Php150,000.

The estimated salvage values are Php20,000; Php25,000; and Php35,000. All trucks have an expected service life of 10 years. Determine the group annual depreciation.

145) The San Fernando Manufacturing Company owns four different production machines with data tabulated below:

Machine Number Number Owned First Cost Salvage Value Expected Life No. 1 8 Php40,000 Php12,000 12 No. 2 6 Php32,000 Php8,000 10 No. 3 4 Php18,000 Php4,000 10 No. 4 4 Php24,000 Php6,000 8

One-half of the machines of each kind will be replaced after 8 years and the rest will be sold after 12 years. Compute the total annual straight-line depreciation charges by the group depreciation method.

146) The Rainbow Electric Co. uses three production machines. Determine the annual depreciation of stated machines:

Machine Type of Machine First Cost Salvage Value Life No. 1 Cutting machine Php30,000 Php5,000 8 No. 2 Drill press Php22,000 Php4,000 6 No. 3 Sanding machine Php15,000 Php1,500 5

147) A tax and duty free importation of a 30-horsepower sand mill for paint manufacturing costs Php360,000. Bank

charges, arrastre and brokerage cost Php5,000. Foundation and installation costs were Php25,000. Other incidental expenses amount to Php20,000. Salvage value of the mill is expected to be Php60,000 after 20 years. However, calculate the actual annual depreciation by assuming that the company uses a service life of 8 years for all models and one-half of the salvage values.

148) The San Fernando Manufacturing Company owns four different production machines with data tabulated below:

Machine Number Number Owned First Cost Salvage Value Expected Life No. 1 8 Php40,000 Php12,000 12 No. 2 6 Php32,000 Php8,000 10 No. 3 4 Php18,000 Php4,000 10 No. 4 4 Php24,000 Php6,000 8

One-half of the machines of each kind will be replaced after 8 years and the rest will be sold after 12 years. Compute the total annual straight-line depreciation charges by the composite depreciation method.

****VALUATION OF PROPERTIES**** 149) An 8-story building was built in Manila 10 years ago costing Php5,000,000 on a 1,000 sq.m. lot purchased for

Php1,000 a sq.m. It is expected that after 50 years a taller building will be constructed on the site due to the need for more office and store space in that area. To be conservative, the owners of the property expect its scrap value at the end of 50 years to be Php250,000. Sinking fund depreciation at 6% is used. However, due to inflation the

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price of properties are expected to escalate at the rate of 4.6% a year for each of the 10 years. Determine the value of the property now by the Historical-cost less depreciation method.

150) A factory was built in Laguna 12 years ago at an original cost of Php800,000 on a 4,000 sq.m. parcel of land

costing Php120 a sq.m. The plant will be fully depreciated in 25 years with no salvage or scrap value. The machinery and equipment installed 12 years ago cost Php600,000 and are expected to last 15 years before being replaced with a scrap value of Php50,000. Five years ago, new equipment were purchased costing Php360,000 due to increased demand for the product being manufactured. These will also last for 15 years with value at the time of Php25,000. Disregarding inflation, determine the valuation of the property now if depreciation is by the straight-line formula for the building, and by the Matheson formula for the equipment.

151) An 8-story building was built in Manila 10 years ago costing Php5,000,000 on a 1,000 sq.m. lot purchased for

Php1,000 a sq.m. It is expected that after 50 years a taller building will be constructed on the site due to the need for more office and store space in that area. To be conservative, the owners of the property expect its scrap value at the end of 50 years to be Php250,000. Sinking fund depreciation at 6% is used. However, due to inflation the price of properties are expected to escalate at the rate of 4.6% a year for each of the 10 years. Determine the value of the property now by the Reproduction-cost-new less depreciation method.

152) A farmer in Guiguinto, Bulacan planted 50 mango trees on his property which are now fruit bearing. For the

mangoes produced for the next 5 years, the farmer was offered the following by two wholesale buyers: Buyer A offered a down payment of Php50,000 and Php1,000 for the produce from each tree each year to be

paid at the end of each of the 5 years. Buyer B will not pay any down payment, but will pay Php1,200 for the produce from each tree each year to be

paid at the beginning of each year for 5 years. If money is worth 12% effective, which of the offers should the farmer accept?

153) An 8-story building was built in Manila 10 years ago costing Php5,000,000 on a 1,000 sq.m. lot purchased for

Php1,000 a sq.m. It is expected that after 50 years a taller building will be constructed on the site due to the need for more office and store space in that area. To be conservative, the owners of the property expect its scrap value at the end of 50 years to be Php250,000. Sinking fund depreciation at 6% is used. However, due to inflation the price of properties are expected to escalate at the rate of 4.6% a year for each of the 10 years. If the property is appraised now for taxation purposes at the rate of 3.5% of the appraised value, compute the annual real estate tax to be paid by the owners.

154) An author of a best-selling novel in the United States was offered two alternatives by a publisher for the right to

publish her book: The first alternative was a single lump sum payment of $2,000,000 with no further royalties in the future; or As the second alternative, a royalty of 15% on the gross selling price of each book sold. The publisher expects

to sell 500,000 copies of the hard-bound edition for the first year costing $22.50 each, and 500,000 copies of the paperback edition each year for the next 3 years which sells for $5.95 each. Payments to the author are made at the end of each of the 4 years. Assume that no further royalty payments will be paid after 4 years.

If money is worth 8.5% to the author, which alternative should she accept? Disregard income tax consideration. 155) A copper mine is Davao expects to have a net annual income of Php2,500,000 annually for 10 years. Determine its

value if the annual dividend rate is to be 15%, payable annually, and the sinking fund is to accumulate at the rate of 8% annually.

156) The annual output of a gold mine is 25,000 tons of ore. It is expected that the ore body will be exhausted within

20 years. The management cost annually is Php750,000, and the operating cost of the mine and the smelter plant is Php120 per ton. The processed ore produces and income of Php450 per ton. If the annual dividend rate is 12%, payable annually, and the sinking fund rate is 9% annually, determine the valuation of the property now.

157) Timber land in Palawan was purchased for Php8,000,000 and earned an average annual profit of Php1,400,000 for

14 years, at the end of which time the land was sold for Php200,000. Assuming that a sinking fund earning 7% was established to provide for depletion, determine the investment rate.

****PRINCIPLES OF ACCOUNTING**** 158) Prepare a Balance Sheet and determine the ownership on the following data:

Cash Php41,012 Notes payable 2,500 Accrued taxes 2,950 Accounts receivable 30,300 Prepaid insurance 2,150 Accounts payable 11,150 Furniture and fixtures 53,125 Reserve for depreciation 21,000

159) As of December 30, 20xx the balance of the ledger accounts of the Davao Manufacturing Company are below

stated. Determine the amount for “Inventories of goods and materials on hand”, and prepare a balance sheet:

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Mortgages payable Php350,000 Cash on Hand and in Banks 220,000 Common Shares 552,000 Reserve for depreciation on buildings and plant 53,670 Prepaid expenses (for taxes, rental, etc.) 32,640 Equipment and machinery 450,000 Undivided surplus 180,000 Advance payment on orders from the company 37,590 Franchises 60,000 Notes and accounts payable 92,340 Inventories of goods and materials on hand Php???,??? Land (original Cost) 320,000 Declared and unpaid dividends 92,500 Notes and accounts receivable 56,700 Reserve for expansion 150,000 Reserve for depreciation on equipment 85,200 Building and plant (original cost) 529,000 Preferred shares (45% of Common Shares) Php???,??? Accrued expenses (taxes, wages, etc.) 45,800

160) Prepare a Balance Sheet and determine the Debt Ratio on the following data:

Cash Php41,012 Notes payable 2,500 Accrued taxes 2,950 Accounts receivable 30,300 Prepaid insurance 2,150 Accounts payable 11,150 Furniture and fixtures 53,125 Reserve for depreciation 21,000

161) As of December 31, 1976, the financial data for the Visayan Manufacturing Company are below stated. Prepare a

balance sheet and determine the ownership from the following data: Cash on hand Php300,000 Cash in Bank 1,200,000 Building and plant 3,000,000 Cast of Land 1,200,000 Notes and accounts receivable 1,500,000 Advance payment for taxes and insurance 700,000 Notes and accounts payable 1,200,000 Mortgage allowance 1,500,000 Allowance for depreciation 300,000 Declared and approved dividends 300,000 Inventory 2,000,000 Supplies and materials 1,800,000 Capital stocks 7,500,000

162) Prepare a Balance Sheet and determine the Acid-Test Ratio on the following data:

Cash Php41,012 Notes payable 2,500 Accrued taxes 2,950 Accounts receivable 30,300 Prepaid insurance 2,150 Accounts payable 11,150 Furniture and fixtures 53,125 Reserve for depreciation 21,000

163) As of December 30, 20xx the balance of the ledger accounts of the Davao Manufacturing Company are below

stated. Determine the amount for “Inventories of goods and materials on hand”, and Calculate the Current Ratio and Inventory turnover from the following data:

Mortgages payable Php350,000 Cash on Hand and in Banks 220,000 Common Shares 552,000 Reserve for depreciation on buildings and plant 53,670 Prepaid expenses (for taxes, rental, etc.) 32,640 Equipment and machinery 450,000

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Undivided surplus 180,000 Advance payment on orders from the company 37,590 Franchises 60,000 Notes and accounts payable 92,340 Inventories of goods and materials on hand Php???,??? Land (original Cost) 320,000 Declared and unpaid dividends 92,500 Notes and accounts receivable 56,700 Reserve for expansion 150,000 Reserve for depreciation on equipment 85,200 Building and plant (original cost) 529,000 Preferred shares (45% of Common Shares) Php???,??? Accrued expenses (taxes, wages, etc.) 45,800

164) On December 31, the balance sheet of the F. Santos Corporation includes the following classifications:

Assets Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Current Assets Current Liabilities Fixed Assets Fixed Liabilities Prepaid Expenses Prepaid Income Intangible Assets Capital Stock Retained Earnings

Indicate the proper balance sheet classification for each of the following items and prepare the completed balance sheet: a) Equipment purchased for Php100,000; b) Bonds payable in 10 years, Php50,000; c) A petty cash fund, Php500; d) Common stock, 1,000 shares at Php100 par; e) Cash in the Union Bank, Php46,000; f) Inventory of goods on hand, Php32,000; g) Net income, Php67,000; h) Income taxes payable, Php23,500; i) Amount in fund for expansion, Php22,800; j) Ownership of patents, Php20,000; k) Franchise from foreign companies, Php50,000; l) Dividend payable on common shares, Php12,000; m) Amount paid for rental in advance, Php6,000; n) Advance payment received from customers, Php10,800.

165) The condensed balance sheet of the Luzon Manufacturing Company for a certain year is given below.

Assets Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Cash Php80,000 Current Liabilities Php55,000 Account Receivable 45,000 Long-term Liabilities 85,000 Inventory 75,000 Capital stock, Php100 par 350,000 Prepaid Expenses 35,000 Retained Earnings 25,000 Plant Assets (net) 220,000 Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity: Php515,000 Other Assets 60,000

Total Assets: Php515,000 During this year, the company made a gross profit of Php280,000 on total sales of Php920,000. Assuming that

accounts receivable, inventory, and plant assets were relatively constant during the year, determine the Current Ratio and Book Value per share of Capital stock.

166) As of December 30, 20xx the balance of the ledger accounts of the Davao Manufacturing Company are below

stated. Determine the amount for “Inventories of goods and materials on hand”, and Calculate the Quick Ratio and Asset turnover from the following data:

Mortgages payable Php350,000 Cash on Hand and in Banks 220,000 Common Shares 552,000 Reserve for depreciation on buildings and plant 53,670 Prepaid expenses (for taxes, rental, etc.) 32,640 Equipment and machinery 450,000 Undivided surplus 180,000 Advance payment on orders from the company 37,590 Franchises 60,000 Notes and accounts payable 92,340 Inventories of goods and materials on hand Php???,??? Land (original Cost) 320,000 Declared and unpaid dividends 92,500 Notes and accounts receivable 56,700

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Reserve for expansion 150,000 Reserve for depreciation on equipment 85,200 Building and plant (original cost) 529,000 Preferred shares (45% of Common Shares) Php???,??? Accrued expenses (taxes, wages, etc.) 45,800

167) On December 31, the balance sheet of the F. Santos Corporation includes the following classifications:

Assets Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Current Assets Current Liabilities Fixed Assets Fixed Liabilities Prepaid Expenses Prepaid Income Intangible Assets Capital Stock Retained Earnings

Indicate the proper balance sheet classification for each of the following items, prepare the completed balance sheet, and compute the Current Ratio: a) Equipment purchased for Php100,000; b) Bonds payable in 10 years, Php50,000; c) A petty cash fund, Php500; d) Common stock, 1,000 shares at Php100 par; e) Cash in the Union Bank, Php46,000; f) Inventory of goods on hand, Php32,000; g) Net income, Php67,000; h) Income taxes payable, Php23,500; i) Amount in fund for expansion, Php22,800; j) Ownership of patents, Php20,000; k) Franchise from foreign companies, Php50,000; l) Dividend payable on common shares, Php12,000; m) Amount paid for rental in advance, Php6,000; n) Advance payment received from customers, Php10,800.

168) The condensed balance sheet of the Luzon Manufacturing Company for a certain year is given below.

Assets Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Cash Php80,000 Current Liabilities Php55,000 Account Receivable 45,000 Long-term Liabilities 85,000 Inventory 75,000 Capital stock, Php100 par 350,000 Prepaid Expenses 35,000 Retained Earnings 25,000 Plant Assets (net) 220,000 Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity: Php515,000 Other Assets 60,000

Total Assets: Php515,000 During this year, the company made a gross profit of Php280,000 on total sales of Php920,000. Assuming that

accounts receivable, inventory, and plant assets were relatively constant during the year, determine the Acid-test Ratio and Asset Turnover.

169) On December 31, the balance sheet of the F. Santos Corporation includes the following classifications:

Assets Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Current Assets Current Liabilities Fixed Assets Fixed Liabilities Prepaid Expenses Prepaid Income Intangible Assets Capital Stock Retained Earnings

Prepare the completed balance sheet and Compute for the Book value per share of common stock: a) Equipment purchased for Php100,000; b) Bonds payable in 10 years, Php50,000; c) A petty cash fund, Php500; d) Common stock, 1,000 shares at Php100 par; e) Cash in the Union Bank, Php46,000; f) Inventory of goods on hand, Php32,000; g) Net income, Php67,000; h) Income taxes payable, Php23,500; i) Amount in fund for expansion, Php22,800; j) Ownership of patents, Php20,000; k) Franchise from foreign companies, Php50,000; l) Dividend payable on common shares, Php12,000; m) Amount paid for rental in advance, Php6,000; n) Advance payment received from customers, Php10,800.

170) As of December 30, 20xx the balance of the ledger accounts of the Davao Manufacturing Company are below

stated. Determine the amount for “Inventories of goods and materials on hand”, and Calculate the Equity Ratio and Debt Ratio from the following data:

Bill
Highlight
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Mortgages payable Php350,000 Cash on Hand and in Banks 220,000 Common Shares 552,000 Reserve for depreciation on buildings and plant 53,670 Prepaid expenses (for taxes, rental, etc.) 32,640 Equipment and machinery 450,000 Undivided surplus 180,000 Advance payment on orders from the company 37,590 Franchises 60,000 Notes and accounts payable 92,340 Inventories of goods and materials on hand Php???,??? Land (original Cost) 320,000 Declared and unpaid dividends 92,500 Notes and accounts receivable 56,700 Reserve for expansion 150,000 Reserve for depreciation on equipment 85,200 Building and plant (original cost) 529,000 Preferred shares (45% of Common Shares) Php???,??? Accrued expenses (taxes, wages, etc.) 45,800

171) The condensed balance sheet of the Luzon Manufacturing Company for a certain year is given below.

Assets Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Cash Php80,000 Current Liabilities Php55,000 Account Receivable 45,000 Long-term Liabilities 85,000 Inventory 75,000 Capital stock, Php100 par 350,000 Prepaid Expenses 35,000 Retained Earnings 25,000 Plant Assets (net) 220,000 Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity: Php515,000 Other Assets 60,000

Total Assets: Php515,000 During this year, the company made a gross profit of Php280,000 on total sales of Php920,000. Assuming that

accounts receivable, inventory, and plant assets were relatively constant during the year, determine the Equity Ration and Accounts Receivable Turnover (assume all sales are on credit).

172) The condensed balance sheet of the Luzon Manufacturing Company for a certain year is given below.

Assets Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Cash Php80,000 Current Liabilities Php55,000 Account Receivable 45,000 Long-term Liabilities 85,000 Inventory 75,000 Capital stock, Php100 par 350,000 Prepaid Expenses 35,000 Retained Earnings 25,000 Plant Assets (net) 220,000 Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity: Php515,000 Other Assets 60,000

Total Assets: Php515,000 During this year, the company made a gross profit of Php280,000 on total sales of Php920,000. Assuming that

accounts receivable, inventory, and plant assets were relatively constant during the year, determine the Debt Ratio and Inventory Turnover.

173) During a certain quarter, the balances of the ledger accounts of the A & M Trading Company were as follows:

Gross Sales Php245,620 Salaries and wages 92,800 Depreciation of Equipment 21,050 Rental of building for 3 months 12,000 Bad debts 4,200 Interest earned and other income 8,450 Supplies and postage 3,670 Taxes and insurance 9,580 Advertising and social representation 4,120 Repairs of equipment 7,490 Fuel oil and lubricants for delivery equipment 6,320 Power and water bills 1,680

Prepare the Profit and Loss Statement for the quarter, and determine the Operating Expense Ratio. 174) During a certain quarter, the balances of the ledger accounts of the A & M Trading Company were as follows:

Gross Sales Php245,620 Salaries and wages 92,800 Depreciation of Equipment 21,050 Rental of building for 3 months 12,000 Bad debts 4,200

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Interest earned and other income 8,450 Supplies and postage 3,670 Taxes and insurance 9,580 Advertising and social representation 4,120 Repairs of equipment 7,490 Fuel oil and lubricants for delivery equipment 6,320 Power and water bills 1,680

Prepare the Profit and Loss Statement for the quarter, and calculate the Gross Margin. 175) During a certain quarter, the balances of the ledger accounts of the A & M Trading Company were as follows:

Gross Sales Php245,620 Salaries and wages 92,800 Depreciation of Equipment 21,050 Rental of building for 3 months 12,000 Bad debts 4,200 Interest earned and other income 8,450 Supplies and postage 3,670 Taxes and insurance 9,580 Advertising and social representation 4,120 Repairs of equipment 7,490 Fuel oil and lubricants for delivery equipment 6,320 Power and water bills 1,680

Prepare the Profit and Loss Statement for the quarter, and calculate the Return on Sales. 176) Journalize the following transactions of the Perez Plumbing Company for the month of June:

June 1 Paid rent for June, Php3,000. 4 Purchased supplies for Php12,000, paying Php5,000 cash, and giving a

note payable for the balance of Php7,000. 9 Complete a household contract worth Php9,850.

Received payment of Php7,500; the balance of Php2,350 is payable within 30 days by the client.

11 Received Php3,500 for past services from another client. 14 Paid bi-weekly wages to his workers, Php1,200. 17 Paid electric bill for May, Php280. 19 Paid creditors on account, Php4,000. 24 Completed another contract worth Php16,500; was paid in full. 25 Owner withdrew Php2,500 for personal use. 28 Paid bi-weekly wages to his workers, Php1,950. 30 Recorded other cash sales fro June, Php3,200.

177) Listed below are the ending account balances arranged in alphabetical sequence for the calendar year 2002 of a

single proprietorship (M.A. Buti Ent.). Prepare the detailed Balance Sheet, and determine the Current Ratio and the Quick (Acid-Test) Ratio:

Accounts Payable Php10 Accounts Receivalbe 10 Cash in Bank 30 Cash in Hand 10 Customers’ Deposits 10 Deposits with Suppliers 10 Furnitures and Fixtures 30 Goodwill 10 Investment 20 M.A. Buti Proprietor 100% Marketable Securities 10 Merchandise Inventory 30 Mortgage Payable (5 years) 50 Notes Payable (1 year) 10 Notes Receivable 10 Other Current Assets 10 Other Current Liabilities 10 Patent 10 Petty Cash Fund 10 Prepaid Insurance 10 Property, Plant, and Equipment 50

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178) Listed below are the ending account balances arranged in alphabetical sequence for the calendar year 2002 of a partnership (U.N. Lad. Ltd.). Prepare the detailed Balance Sheet, and determine the Current Ratio and the Debt/Equity Ratio:

Accounts Payable Php50 Accounts Receivalbe 50 Arturo Abad Capital 30% Cash in Bank 150 Cash in Hand 20 Cesar de Castro Capital 35% Customers’ Deposits 20 Deposits with Suppliers 20 Furnitures and Fixtures 60 Goodwill 10 Investment 40 Mario A. Buti Capital 35% Marketable Securities 20 Merchandise Inventory 50 Mortgage Payable (5 years) 50 Notes Payable (1 year) 40 Notes Receivable 40 Other Current Assets 10 Other Current Liabilities 10 Patent 10 Petty Cash Fund 20 Prepaid Insurance 10 Property, Plant, and Equipment 100

179) Listed below are the ending account balances arranged in alphabetical sequence for the calendar year 2002 of a

corporation (K.A. Bayan Inc.). Prepare the detailed Balance Sheet, and determine the Current Ratio and the Debt/Capitalization Ratio:

Accounts Payable Php100 Accounts Receivalbe 100 Cash in Bank 300 Cash in Hand 30 Capital Stock Par Php1 Customers’ Deposits 30 Deposits with Suppliers 30 Furnitures and Fixtures 90 Goodwill 10 Investment 60 Marketable Securities 30 Merchandise Inventory 100 Mortgage Payable (5 years) 50 Notes Payable (1 year) 80 Notes Receivable 80 Other Current Assets 10 Other Current Liabilities 10 Patent 10 Petty Cash Fund 30 Prepaid Insurance 10 Property, Plant, and Equipment 150 Retained Earnings 50

****FUNDAMENTALS OF COST ACCOUNTING**** 180) Classify the annual cost items listed below as to direct or indirect materials or labor and overhead; and Calculate

the cost of the Total Direct Materials: a) Leather used to manufacture shoes, Php2,000,000; b) Wood used to manufacture furniture, Php3,250,000; c) Power used to run factory machines, Php31,000,000; d) Salary of the accountants in a Furniture manufacturing plant, Php245,000; e) Salary of an engineers in an engineering firm, Php4,135,000; f) Income taxes paid by a company, Php1,324,000; g) Water used in making ice in a Restaurant, Php2,867; h) Wages of auto-mechanics in a car repair shop, Php2,342,000; i) Wages of equipment mechanics in a Leather manufacturing plant, Php1,358,000; j) Government permit to start a business, Php234,000; k) Payment for engineering supplies in a consulting firm, Php121,500;

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l) Cost of delivery trucks of a manufacturing company, Php13,287,000; m) Wages of the truck drivers delivering finished products, Php1,834,000; n) Wages of heavy equipment operator/driver in highway construction, Php 890,200.

181) In completing the final phases for the plans of a multi-story building, the technical department of an engineering

consulting firm employs one architect (Salary of each is 1.75 times of Minimum-Wage per day [1.75mw]), six engineers of different expertise (2mw), and seven draftsmen (1.25mw). These men worked eight hours a day for 15 days during a certain month. The entire technical department employs 25 men working 8 hours a day at 26 days a month. The records of the accounting department indicated that the total overhead expenses for this month for the technical department were Php179,800. Determine what partial cost of the total overhead is chargeable to the above-named project.

182) Classify the annual cost items listed below as to direct or indirect materials or labor and overhead; and Calculate

the cost of the Total Indirect Materials: a) Leather used to manufacture shoes, Php2,000,000; b) Wood used to manufacture furniture, Php3,250,000; c) Power used to run factory machines, Php31,000,000; d) Salary of the accountants in a Furniture manufacturing plant, Php245,000; e) Salary of an engineers in an engineering firm, Php4,135,000; f) Income taxes paid by a company, Php1,324,000; g) Water used in making ice in a Restaurant, Php2,867; h) Wages of auto-mechanics in a car repair shop, Php2,342,000; i) Wages of equipment mechanics in a Leather manufacturing plant, Php1,358,000; j) Government permit to start a business, Php234,000; k) Payment for engineering supplies in a consulting firm, Php121,500; l) Cost of delivery trucks of a manufacturing company, Php13,287,000; m) Wages of the truck drivers delivering finished products, Php1,834,000; n) Wages of heavy equipment operator/driver in highway construction, Php 890,200.

183) In completing the final phases for the plans of a multi-story building, the technical department of an engineering

consulting firm employs one architect (Salary of each is 1.75 times of Minimum-Wage per day [1.75mw]), six engineers of different expertise (2mw), and seven draftsmen (1.25mw). These men worked eight hours a day for 15 days during a certain month. The entire technical department employs 25 men working 8 hours a day at 26 days a month. The records of the accounting department indicated that the total overhead expenses for this month for the technical department were Php179,800. Determine the minimum wage at the time of the project.

184) Classify the annual cost items listed below as to direct or indirect materials or labor and overhead; and Calculate

the cost of the Total Direct Labor: a) Leather used to manufacture shoes, Php2,000,000; b) Wood used to manufacture furniture, Php3,250,000; c) Power used to run factory machines, Php31,000,000; d) Salary of the accountants in a Furniture manufacturing plant, Php245,000; e) Salary of an engineers in an engineering firm, Php4,135,000; f) Income taxes paid by a company, Php1,324,000; g) Water used in making ice in a Restaurant, Php2,867; h) Wages of auto-mechanics in a car repair shop, Php2,342,000; i) Wages of equipment mechanics in a Leather manufacturing plant, Php1,358,000; j) Government permit to start a business, Php234,000; k) Payment for engineering supplies in a consulting firm, Php121,500; l) Cost of delivery trucks of a manufacturing company, Php13,287,000; m) Wages of the truck drivers delivering finished products, Php1,834,000; n) Wages of heavy equipment operator/driver in highway construction, Php 890,200.

185) In completing the final phases for the plans of a multi-story building, the technical department of an engineering

consulting firm employs one architect (Salary of each is 1.75 times of Minimum-Wage per day [1.75mw]), six engineers of different expertise (2mw), and seven draftsmen (1.25mw). These men worked eight hours a day for 15 days during a certain month. The entire technical department employs 25 men working 8 hours a day at 26 days a month. The records of the accounting department indicated that the total overhead expenses for this month for the technical department were Php179,800. Determine what partial cost of the total overhead is not chargeable to the above-named project.

186) Classify the annual cost items listed below as to direct or indirect materials or labor and overhead; and Calculate

the cost of the Total Overhead Labor: a) Leather used to manufacture shoes, Php2,000,000; b) Wood used to manufacture furniture, Php3,250,000; c) Power used to run factory machines, Php31,000,000; d) Salary of the accountants in a Furniture manufacturing plant, Php245,000; e) Salary of an engineers in an engineering firm, Php4,135,000; f) Income taxes paid by a company, Php1,324,000; g) Water used in making ice in a Restaurant, Php2,867;

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h) Wages of auto-mechanics in a car repair shop, Php2,342,000; i) Wages of equipment mechanics in a Leather manufacturing plant, Php1,358,000; j) Government permit to start a business, Php234,000; k) Payment for engineering supplies in a consulting firm, Php121,500; l) Cost of delivery trucks of a manufacturing company, Php13,287,000; m) Wages of the truck drivers delivering finished products, Php1,834,000; n) Wages of heavy equipment operator/driver in highway construction, Php 890,200.

187) A factory manufactures plastic products. During a certain it manufactured four types of products: A, B, C, and D,

with total production and sales of 6,000; 10,000; 15,000; and 8,000 units, respectively. The weights in grams of plastic material used in the production of each product are as follows: 3.5; 8.2; 12.4; and 6.9, respectively. If the company used a total of 344.2 kilograms during the month costing Php86,050, compute the total cost of direct materials used for product “A”.

188) A factory manufactures plastic products. During a certain it manufactured four types of products: A, B, C, and D,

with total production and sales of 6,000; 10,000; 15,000; and 8,000 units, respectively. The weights in grams of plastic material used in the production of each product are as follows: 3.5; 8.2; 12.4; and 6.9, respectively. If the company used a total of 344.2 kilograms during the month costing Php86,050, compute the total cost of direct materials used for product “C”.

189) A factory manufactures plastic products. During a certain it manufactured four types of products: A, B, C, and D,

with total production and sales of 6,000; 10,000; 15,000; and 8,000 units, respectively. The weights in grams of plastic material used in the production of each product are as follows: 3.5; 8.2; 12.4; and 6.9, respectively. If the company used a total of 344.2 kilograms during the month costing Php86,050, compute the total cost of direct materials used for product “D”.

190) A factory manufactures plastic products. During a certain it manufactured four types of products: A, B, C, and D,

with total production and sales of 6,000; 10,000; 15,000; and 8,000 units, respectively. The weights in grams of plastic material used in the production of each product are as follows: 3.5; 8.2; 12.4; and 6.9, respectively. If the company used a total of 344.2 kilograms during the month costing Php86,050, compute the total cost of direct materials used for product “B”.

191) Three workers, Jose, Juan, and Pedro, are performing identical task making a certain product. Each can finish, on

the average, the following number of units per hour, respectively: Jose, 10; Juan, 12; and Pedro, 8. During a certain week of 48 working hours, the total wages paid to these men is Php2,592.00. The company wage policy is based on the number of pieces finished. How much was Pedro paid at the end of the week?

192) Three workers, Jose, Juan, and Pedro, are performing identical task making a certain product. Each can finish, on

the average, the following number of units per hour, respectively: Jose, 10; Juan, 12; and Pedro, 8. During a certain week of 48 working hours, the total wages paid to these men is Php2,592.00. The company wage policy is based on the number of pieces finished. How much was Juan paid at the end of the week?

193) Three workers, Jose, Juan, and Pedro, are performing identical task making a certain product. Each can finish, on

the average, the following number of units per hour, respectively: Jose, 10; Juan, 12; and Pedro, 8. During a certain week of 48 working hours, the total wages paid to these men is Php2,592.00. The company wage policy is based on the number of pieces finished. How much was Jose paid at the end of the week?

194) A small factory manufactures three different products: A, B, and C. The production and sales each much for each

product is as follows: 7,500; 6,900; and 8,100 units, respectively. The total overhead expenses for the month include taxes, supervision, depreciation, etc. is Php38,325.00. Furthermore, the time spent to produce one unit is as follows: 30 minutes; 45 minutes; and 15 minutes, respectively. Since these products are made on one type of machine, the cost accountant makes it the practice to charge overhead based on the machine hours used. Using the machine rate method of apportioning overhead, determine the total overhead to be charged for product “C”.

195) A small factory manufactures three different products: A, B, and C. The production and sales each much for each

product is as follows: 7,500; 6,900; and 8,100 units, respectively. The total overhead expenses for the month include taxes, supervision, depreciation, etc. is Php38,325.00. Furthermore, the time spent to produce one unit is as follows: 30 minutes; 45 minutes; and 15 minutes, respectively. Since these products are made on one type of machine, the cost accountant makes it the practice to charge overhead based on the machine hours used. Using the machine rate method of apportioning overhead, determine the total overhead to be charged for product “B”.

196) A small factory manufactures three different products: A, B, and C. The production and sales each much for each

product is as follows: 7,500; 6,900; and 8,100 units, respectively. The total overhead expenses for the month include taxes, supervision, depreciation, etc. is Php38,325.00. Furthermore, the time spent to produce one unit is as follows: 30 minutes; 45 minutes; and 15 minutes, respectively. Since these products are made on one type of machine, the cost accountant makes it the practice to charge overhead based on the machine hours used. Using the machine rate method of apportioning overhead, determine the total overhead to be charged for product “A”.

197) For cost accounting purposes, a manufacturing plant in 1983 is divided into four departments. Data for these

departments are given below:

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Department Direct Labor Hours Direct Labor Cost Direct Material Cost Logistics 12,150 Php28,920 Php54,350

Production 15,600 42,670 67,800 Engineering 10,460 24,570 42,780 Warehousing 8,250 18,980 37,530

The following overhead items are to be distributed to the four departments: Manager’s Salary, Php72,000; depreciation of equipment, Php65,300; Utilities (Power, Water, and Telephone), Php27,600; Taxes, Php24,800; and other overhead expenses, Php9,500. Apportion the total for overhead to each of the departments according to the Direct Labor Hour Method.

198) The Regal Manufacturing Company is divided into three departments for accounting purposes. The records of the

cost accountant last year indicated the following data: Cost Item Production Dept. Engineering Dept. Logistics Dept.

Direct Materials Cost Php86,500 Php42,340 Php56,250 Direct Labor Cost Php38,200 Php24,600 Php32,450 Direct Labor Hours 16,150 12,180 14,560 Overhead Expenses Php25,360 Php8,340 Php15,480

The Manufacture Order No. 82 which was also completed last year, the job cost ledger indicated the following: Cost Item Production Dept. Engineering Dept. Logistics Dept.

Direct Materials Cost Php8,300 Php5,490 Php6,780 Direct Labor Cost Php4,200 Php2,890 Php3,200 Direct Labor Hours 1,860 1,290 1,420

Determine the cost for Logistics Department and the total cost for Manufacture Order No. 82, assuming that overhead is applied based on I) Direct Material Cost, II) Direct Labor Cost, and III) Direct Labor Hours.

199) For cost accounting purposes, a manufacturing plant in 1983 is divided into four departments. Data for these

departments are given below: Department Direct Labor Hours Direct Labor Cost Direct Material Cost

Logistics 12,150 Php28,920 Php54,350 Production 15,600 42,670 67,800 Engineering 10,460 24,570 42,780 Warehousing 8,250 18,980 37,530

The following overhead items are to be distributed to the four departments: Manager’s Salary, Php72,000; depreciation of equipment, Php65,300; Utilities (Power, Water, and Telephone), Php27,600; Taxes, Php24,800; and other overhead expenses, Php9,500. Apportion the total for overhead to each of the departments according to the Direct Labor Cost Method.

200) The Regal Manufacturing Company is divided into three departments for accounting purposes. The records of the

cost accountant last year indicated the following data: Cost Item Production Dept. Engineering Dept. Logistics Dept.

Direct Materials Cost Php86,500 Php42,340 Php56,250 Direct Labor Cost Php38,200 Php24,600 Php32,450 Direct Labor Hours 16,150 12,180 14,560 Overhead Expenses Php25,360 Php8,340 Php15,480

The Manufacture Order No. 82 which was also completed last year, the job cost ledger indicated the following: Cost Item Production Dept. Engineering Dept. Logistics Dept.

Direct Materials Cost Php8,300 Php5,490 Php6,780 Direct Labor Cost Php4,200 Php2,890 Php3,200 Direct Labor Hours 1,860 1,290 1,420

Determine the cost for Engineering Department and the total cost for Manufacture Order No. 82, assuming that overhead is applied based on I) Direct Material Cost, II) Direct Labor Cost, and III) Direct Labor Hours.

201) A manufacturer has the following inventory of the purchase and usage of a certain material:

June 1 Balance on hand 4,000 units at Php5.20/unit 12 Purchased 2,500 units at Php4.80/unit 26 Delivered to plant 5,000 units

July 2 Purchased 3,000 units at Php5.00/unit 15 Purchased 2,000 units at Php5.10/unit 24 Delivered to plant 4,500 units

Aug. 4 Purchased 6,000 units at Php4.90/unit 10 Delivered to plant 3,500 units

Determine the value of the inventory on August 11 using the Last-in First-out (LIFO) Method. 202) For cost accounting purposes, a manufacturing plant in 1983 is divided into four departments. Data for these

departments are given below: Department Direct Labor Hours Direct Labor Cost Direct Material Cost

Logistics 12,150 Php28,920 Php54,350 Production 15,600 42,670 67,800 Engineering 10,460 24,570 42,780

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Warehousing 8,250 18,980 37,530 The following overhead items are to be distributed to the four departments: Manager’s Salary, Php72,000;

depreciation of equipment, Php65,300; Utilities (Power, Water, and Telephone), Php27,600; Taxes, Php24,800; and other overhead expenses, Php9,500. Apportion the total for overhead to each of the departments according to the Direct Material Cost Method.

203) A manufacturer has the following inventory of the purchase and usage of a certain material:

June 1 Balance on hand 4,000 units at Php5.20/unit 12 Purchased 2,500 units at Php4.80/unit 26 Delivered to plant 5,000 units

July 2 Purchased 3,000 units at Php5.00/unit 15 Purchased 2,000 units at Php5.10/unit 24 Delivered to plant 4,500 units

Aug. 4 Purchased 6,000 units at Php4.90/unit 10 Delivered to plant 3,500 units

Determine the value of the inventory on August 11 using the Weighted-Average Method. 204) The Regal Manufacturing Company is divided into three departments for accounting purposes. The records of the

cost accountant last year indicated the following data: Cost Item Production Dept. Engineering Dept. Logistics Dept.

Direct Materials Cost Php86,500 Php42,340 Php56,250 Direct Labor Cost Php38,200 Php24,600 Php32,450 Direct Labor Hours 16,150 12,180 14,560 Overhead Expenses Php25,360 Php8,340 Php15,480

The Manufacture Order No. 82 which was also completed last year, the job cost ledger indicated the following: Cost Item Production Dept. Engineering Dept. Logistics Dept.

Direct Materials Cost Php8,300 Php5,490 Php6,780 Direct Labor Cost Php4,200 Php2,890 Php3,200 Direct Labor Hours 1,860 1,290 1,420

Determine the cost for Production Department and the total cost for Manufacture Order No. 82, assuming that overhead is applied based on I) Direct Material Cost, II) Direct Labor Cost, and III) Direct Labor Hours.

205) A manufacturer has the following inventory of the purchase and usage of a certain material:

June 1 Balance on hand 4,000 units at Php5.20/unit 12 Purchased 2,500 units at Php4.80/unit 26 Delivered to plant 5,000 units

July 2 Purchased 3,000 units at Php5.00/unit 15 Purchased 2,000 units at Php5.10/unit 24 Delivered to plant 4,500 units

Aug. 4 Purchased 6,000 units at Php4.90/unit 10 Delivered to plant 3,500 units

Determine the value of the inventory on August 11 using the First-in First-out (FIFO) Method.

206) Two Corporations, APO Corp. and TAOG Corp, are applying for a Php200,000 loan for an undetermined term. The only available financial statement they can furnish you is their Balance Sheet as of Dec. 31, 2001, both for the first year of operations and the amounts reflected in the Balance Sheets approximate the realizable values of each account. To whom would you grant the loan and for how long? Show computations and give reasons:

ASSET APO Corp. TAOG Corp. Cash Php20 Php20 Accounts Receivable 20 40 Merchandize Inventory 20 40 Land and Building 640 280 Other Assets 50 10 TOTAL ASSETS Php750 Php390

EQUITIES Accounts Payable Php180 Php60 Other Liabilities 240 40 Capital Stock (Par Php1) 120 40 Retained Earnings 210 250 TOTAL EQUITIES Php750 Php390

****CLASSIFICATION OF COST**** 207) The total cost of production 360 units of a “Suman sa Lihiya” is Php6,620. If 450 units are manufactured, the total

cost will be Php7,475. What is the variable cost per unit? 208) A semi-automatic arc welding machine is used for a certain joining process costs Php25,000. The machine has a

life of 10 years and a salvage value at the time of Php2,500. Maintenance, taxes, and fixed costs amount to Php3,200 per year. The cost of power and supplies is Php10.20 per hour, and the operator receives Php20.00 per

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hour. The cycle time per unit of the product is 30 minutes. If interest is 12%, calculate the cost per unit of processing the product if production per year is 1,000 units.

209) The total cost of manufacturing 360 units of a “Suman sa Lihiya” is Php6,620. If 450 units are manufactured, the

total cost will be Php7,475. What is the average fixed cost? 210) A semi-automatic arc welding machine is used for a certain joining process costs Php25,000. The machine has a

life of 10 years and a salvage value at the time of Php2,500. Maintenance, taxes, and fixed costs amount to Php3,200 per year. The cost of power and supplies is Php10.20 per hour, and the operator receives Php20.00 per hour. The cycle time per unit of the product is 30 minutes. If interest is 12%, calculate the cost per unit of processing the product if production per year is 2,500 units.

211) The total cost of manufacturing 360 units of a “Suman sa Lihiya” is Php6,620. If 450 units are manufactured, the

total cost will be Php7,475. What is the average manufacturing cost for the first 360 units? 212) A semi-automatic arc welding machine is used for a certain joining process costs Php25,000. The machine has a

life of 10 years and a salvage value at the time of Php2,500. Maintenance, taxes, and fixed costs amount to Php3,200 per year. The cost of power and supplies is Php10.20 per hour, and the operator receives Php20.00 per hour. The cycle time per unit of the product is 30 minutes. If interest is 12%, calculate the cost per unit of processing the product if production per year is 5,000 units.

213) A certain firm has the capacity to produce 800,000 units of product per year. At present, it is operating at 60% of

capacity. The firm’s annual income for this operating capacity is Php1,200,000. Annual fixed costs are Php620,000, and variable cost is equal to Php0.546 per unit. What will be the profit or loss at 70% of capacity based on constant income per unit and constant variable cost per unit?

214) A certain firm has the capacity to produce 800,000 units of product per year. At present, it is operating at 60% of

capacity. The firm’s annual income for this operating capacity is Php1,200,000. Annual fixed costs are Php620,000, and variable cost is equal to Php0.546 per unit. What is the firm’s annual profit or loss?

215) The total cost of manufacturing 360 units of a “Suman sa Lihiya” is Php6,620. If 450 units are manufactured, the

total cost will be Php7,475. What is the total variable cost for 360 units? 216) A certain firm has the capacity to produce 800,000 units of product per year. At present, it is operating at 60% of

capacity. The firm’s annual income for this operating capacity is Php1,200,000. Annual fixed costs are Php620,000, and variable cost is equal to Php0.546 per unit. What will be the profit or loss at 80% of capacity based on constant income per unit and constant variable cost per unit?

217) A certain firm owns two plants, A and B, which produces an identical product. Plant “A” has a capacity of 50,000

units annually, while that of Plant “B” is 75,000 units. The annual fixed cost of Plant “A” is Php540,000 and the variable cost is Php15.20 per unit. The corresponding values for Plant “B” are Php710,000 and Php16.50 per unit. At present, Plant “A” is operating at 40% capacity and Plant “B” is operating at 50% capacity. What are the unit costs of production at Plant “A” and Plant “B”?

218) A certain firm has the capacity to produce 800,000 units of product per year. At present, it is operating at 60% of

capacity. The firm’s annual income for this operating capacity is Php1,200,000. Annual fixed costs are Php620,000, and variable cost is equal to Php0.546 per unit. At what volume of sales does the firm break even?

219) A certain firm owns two plants, A and B, which produces an identical product. Plant “A” has a capacity of 50,000

units annually, while that of Plant “B” is 75,000 units. The annual fixed cost of Plant “A” is Php540,000 and the variable cost is Php15.20 per unit. The corresponding values for Plant “B” are Php710,000 and Php16.50 per unit. At present, Plant “A” is operating at 65% capacity and Plant “B” is operating at 80% capacity. What is the average of the total cost of both plants?

220) A certain firm has the capacity to produce 800,000 units of product per year. At present, it is operating at 60% of

capacity. The firm’s annual income for this operating capacity is Php1,200,000. Annual fixed costs are Php620,000, and variable cost is equal to Php0.57 per unit. What will be the profit or loss at 90% of capacity based on constant income per unit and constant variable cost per unit?

221) A certain firm owns two plants, A and B, which produces an identical product. Plant “A” has a capacity of 50,000

units annually, while that of Plant “B” is 75,000 units. The annual fixed cost of Plant “A” is Php540,000 and the variable cost is Php15.20 per unit. The corresponding values for Plant “B” are Php710,000 and Php16.50 per unit. At present, Plant “A” is operating at 40% capacity and Plant “B” is operating at 50% capacity. What is the total cost of production from Plant “A” and Plant “B”?

222) A semi-automatic arc welding machine is used for a certain joining process costs Php25,000. The machine has a

life of 10 years and a salvage value at the time of Php2,500. Maintenance, taxes, and fixed costs amount to Php3,200 per year. The cost of power and supplies is Php10.20 per hour, and the operator receives Php20.00 per hour. The cycle time per unit of the product is 30 minutes. If interest is 15%, calculate the cost per unit of processing the product if production per year is 3,000 units.

Bill
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223) A machine was purchased 4 years ago at a cost of Php230,000 and was installed at a cost of Php12,000. It is

expected to last 12 years with a salvage value at the time of Php25,000. If it is sold now for Php100,000, determine the sunk cost if the depreciation method used is the straight-line formula.

224) A certain firm owns two plants, A and B, which produces an identical product. Plant “A” has a capacity of 50,000

units annually, while that of Plant “B” is 75,000 units. The annual fixed cost of Plant “A” is Php540,000 and the variable cost is Php15.20 per unit. The corresponding values for Plant “B” are Php710,000 and Php16.50 per unit. At present, Plant “A” is operating at 65% capacity and Plant “B” is operating at 80% capacity. What is the total cost of production from both plants?

225) A machine was purchased 4 years ago at a cost of Php230,000 and was installed at a cost of Php12,000. It is

expected to last 12 years with a salvage value at the time of Php25,000. If it is sold now for Php100,000, determine the sunk cost if the depreciation method used is the sinking-fund formula at 9.6%.

226) A certain firm has the capacity to produce 800,000 units of product per year. At present, it is operating at 60% of

capacity. The firm’s annual income for this operating capacity is Php1,200,000. Annual fixed costs are Php620,000, and variable cost is equal to Php0.60 per unit. What will be the profit or loss at 100% of capacity based on constant income per unit and constant variable cost per unit?

227) A manufacturing firm estimates that its annual expenses at different levels production would be as follows:

Output in units of Product 0 100 200 300 400 Administrative and Sales Php25,000 Php34,600 Php43,500 Php51,400 Php60,600 Direct materials and labor Php0 Php18,900 Php32,700 Php45,300 Php54,800 Overhead expense Php17,500 Php18,200 Php18,900 Php19,300 Php19,800

Total Cost : Php42,700 Php71,790 Php95,100 Php116,000 Php135,200 What is the average incremental cost per unit of producing the first increment of 100 units of product per year?

228) A machine was purchased 4 years ago at a cost of Php230,000 and was installed at a cost of Php12,000. It is

expected to last 12 years with a salvage value at the time of Php25,000. If it is sold now for Php100,000, determine the sunk cost if the depreciation method used is the Matheson formula.

229) A manufacturing firm estimates that its annual expenses at different levels production would be as follows:

Output in units of Product 0 100 200 300 400 Administrative and Sales Php25,000 Php34,600 Php43,500 Php51,400 Php60,600 Direct materials and labor Php0 Php18,900 Php32,700 Php45,300 Php54,800 Overhead expense Php17,500 Php18,200 Php18,900 Php19,300 Php19,800

Total Cost : Php42,700 Php71,790 Php95,100 Php116,000 Php135,200 What is the average total cost per unit when manufacturing at the rate of 200 units per year?

230) A certain firm owns two plants, A and B, which produces an identical product. Plant “A” has a capacity of 50,000

units annually, while that of Plant “B” is 75,000 units. The annual fixed cost of Plant “A” is Php540,000 and the variable cost is Php15.20 per unit. The corresponding values for Plant “B” are Php710,000 and Php16.50 per unit. At present, Plant “A” is operating at 40% capacity and Plant “B” is operating at 50% capacity. What is the average of the total cost of both plants?

231) A manufacturing firm estimates that its annual expenses at different levels production would be as follows:

Output in units of Product 0 100 200 300 400 Administrative and Sales Php25,000 Php34,600 Php43,500 Php51,400 Php60,600 Direct materials and labor Php0 Php18,900 Php32,700 Php45,300 Php54,800 Overhead expense Php17,500 Php18,200 Php18,900 Php19,300 Php19,800

Total Cost : Php42,700 Php71,790 Php95,100 Php116,000 Php135,200 What is the average incremental cost per unit of manufacturing the increment of 301 to 400 units per year?

232) A machine was purchased 4 years ago at a cost of Php230,000 and was installed at a cost of Php12,000. It is

expected to last 12 years with a salvage value at the time of Php25,000. If it is sold now for Php100,000, determine the sunk cost if the depreciation method used is the Sum of the Years-digits Method.

233) A manufacturing firm estimates that its annual expenses at different levels production would be as follows:

Output in units of Product 0 100 200 300 400 Administrative and Sales Php25,000 Php34,600 Php43,500 Php51,400 Php60,600 Direct materials and labor Php0 Php18,900 Php32,700 Php45,300 Php54,800 Overhead expense Php17,500 Php18,200 Php18,900 Php19,300 Php19,800

Total Cost : Php42,700 Php71,790 Php95,100 Php116,000 Php135,200 At a time when the rate of manufacturing is 200 units per year, a salesman reports that he can sell 100

additional units at Php250,000 per unit without disturbing the market in which the company sells. Would it be profitable for the company to undertake the production of the 100 additional units?

****INVESTMENT OF CAPITAL****

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234) An irrigation project covering 10,000 hectares is estimated to cost Php10,000,000. Bonds will be paid at 4% per annum compounded annually for 30 years. Construction of the project will take 4 years. Insurance, operation, and maintenance of the system will cost Php120,000 per year. Local interest on sinking fund is 6%. How much each hectare should be charged?

235) Annual maintenance costs for a rotary kiln is Php2,000. The placement of a new refractory would reduce the

annual maintenance cost to Php500 a year for the first 5 years, and to Php1,000 a year for the next 5 years. The annual maintenance cost after 10 years would again be Php2,000. If maintenance is the only saving, what maximum investment can be justified for the new refractory if interest is 4%?

236) A certain newly created company installed a 10,000 kW electric generating plant at a cost of Php430 per kW. The

amount of the total cost of the plant was sold to the public and was to mature in 20 years. The estimated life of the plant is 15 years. Salvage value is conservatively set at 5% of the first cost, interest on bonds is 4% and on sinking fund deposit is 3½%. What is the annual payment on the investment?

237) Annual maintenance costs for a rotary kiln is Php2,000. The placement of a new refractory would reduce the

annual maintenance cost to Php500 a year for the first 5 years, and to Php1,000 a year for the next 5 years. The annual maintenance cost after 10 years would again be Php2,000. If maintenance is the only saving, what maximum investment can be justified for the new refractory if interest is 8%?

238) What is the overall rate of return on a Php100,000 investment that returns 20% on the first Php30,000 and 14%

on the remaining Php70,000? 239) The first cost of a factory tractor is Php1,600,000. Its life is 15 years with no salvage value. If interest is 12%,

what is the amount per day that must be charged for its services? Operating cost for 300 days operation each year as follows:

Tires Php75,000 Maintenance and Repairs Php225,500 Fuel = 10 gallons per day at Php25.00 per liter Oil = 1 pint per day at Php360.00 per gallon Labor: 1 operator at Php220.00 per day

240) A certain corn mill decided to sell its old engine which had been in use for 5 years costing Php7,200 when new.

The average cost per year thus far has been Php4,200. The replacement costing Php12,000 has an estimated life of 15 years, and an estimated annual operating expense 20% lower than that of the old engine. If interest is 5% and using straight-line depreciation, how much must the old engine be sold if its assumed working life is 15 years and its assumed salvage value is Php500? Actual total cost for the new engine considering depreciation, interest and operation is Php 347 less than that of the old engine. Use straight-line depreciation.

241) A mine in Northern Luzon gets its base load power from the Luzon Grid of the National Power Corporation (NPC).

It has a billing demand of 12 megawatts and a monthly contract energy of 5.4 million kW-Hr. Determine the Monthly minimum charge if the NPC schedule rate is as follows:

Demand Charge Per meter per month First 1,000 kilowatts Php8.00 per kW Next 9,000 kilowatts Php5.00 per kW All excess kilowatts Php3.00 per kW Basic Energy Charge Per meter per charge First 300 kW-Hr per kW of billing demand Php0.65/kW-Hr Next 150 kW-Hr per kW of billing demand Php0.45/kW-Hr All excess kW-Hr Php0.20/kW-Hr

242) A certain newly created company installed a 10,000 kW electric generating plant at a cost of Php430 per kW. The

amount of the total cost of the plant was sold to the public and was to mature in 20 years. The estimated life of the plant is 15 years. Salvage value is conservatively set at 5% of the first cost, interest on bonds is 4% and on sinking fund deposit is 3½%. What is the sinking fund accumulation after 10 years?

243) Annual maintenance costs for a rotary kiln is Php2,000. The placement of a new refractory would reduce the

annual maintenance cost to Php500 a year for the first 5 years, and to Php1,000 a year for the next 5 years. The annual maintenance cost after 10 years would again be Php2,000. If maintenance is the only saving, what maximum investment can be justified for the new refractory if interest is 10%?

244) The first cost of a factory tractor is Php1,600,000. Its life is 15 years with no salvage value. If interest is 18%,

what is the amount per day that must be charged for its services? Operating cost for 300 days operation each year as follows:

Tires Php75,000 Maintenance and Repairs Php225,500 Fuel = 10 gallons per day at Php25.00 per liter Oil = 1 pint per day at Php360.00 per gallon

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Labor: 1 operator at Php220.00 per day 245) The Manila Gas Corporation is considering the purchase of a power trench digger for laying main extension on its

distribution system. The machine costs Php138,000 with a salvage value of Php50,000 at the end of 10 years. Annual cost of maintenance, insurance and taxes is estimated at 12% of the first cost regardless of the amount the equipment is used. The operating costs consist of 2 men at Php30.00 a day each; fuel and lubrication, Php50 a day. The machine has a capacity of digging 25 meters deep per day. At present, trenches are excavated by hand labor. A laborer can dig ½ meter by 1.2 meters deep per day and receives Php12.00 per day. How long must be excavated each year to make this machine a good investment? Assume money is worth 8%. Use the straight-line with average interest method of depreciation.

246) A Poultry Processing Plant in Central Luzon gets its base load power from the Luzon Grid of the National Power

Corporation (NPC). It has a billing demand of 23 megawatts and a monthly contract energy of 5.4 million kW-Hr. Determine the Monthly minimum charge if the NPC schedule rate is as follows:

Demand Charge Per meter per month First 1,000 kilowatts Php8.00 per kW Next 9,000 kilowatts Php5.00 per kW All excess kilowatts Php3.00 per kW Basic Energy Charge Per meter per charge First 300 kW-Hr per kW of billing demand Php0.65/kW-Hr Next 150 kW-Hr per kW of billing demand Php0.45/kW-Hr All excess kW-Hr Php0.20/kW-Hr

247) The Manila Gas Corporation is considering the purchase of a power trench digger for laying main extension on its

distribution system. The machine costs Php138,000 with a salvage value of Php50,000 at the end of 10 years. Annual cost of maintenance, insurance and taxes is estimated at 12% of the first cost regardless of the amount the equipment is used. The operating costs consist of 2 men at Php30.00 a day each; fuel and lubrication, Php50 a day. The machine has a capacity of digging 25 meters deep per day. At present, trenches are excavated by hand labor. A laborer can dig ½ meter by 1.2 meters deep per day and receives Php12.00 per day. How long must be excavated each year to make this machine a good investment? Assume money is worth 12%. Use the sinking-fund method of depreciation.

248) A client on the general services rate of an Electric Cooperative Power Company uses 3,438 kW-Hr in one month

and has a connected load of 7.6 kW for lighting, 4.2 kW for power, 8.3kW for appliances, 3.2 kW for residential load, and 6.6 kW miscellaneous load. If his factor load is 65%, calculate the energy bill for the month.

RATE SCHEDULE General Services:

X-1 Connected Load – 1 to 5,000 watts inclusive. First 12 kW-Hr Php2.00 Next 78 kW-Hr Php0.16/kW Excess kW-Hr Php0.35/kW

X-MD Connected Load over 5,000 watts. Demand charge for each kW billing demand Php12.60

Energy Charges: First 100 hours, use billing demand at… Php0.30/kW-Hr Next 100 hours, use billing demand at… Php0.25/kW-Hr Excess kW-Hr at Php0.20/kW-Hr.

249) A company that used an average of 20,000 kW-Hr of energy per month purchased under the rate schedule shown

below was going to purchase a spot welder that would consume 2,000 kW-Hr per month. The existing maximum demand was 55 kilowatts. The ABC machine which cost Php4,500 would increase the maximum demand by 15 kilowatts. The XYZ machine costing Php6,000 would increase the demand by only 5 kilowatts. The welder selected would have to be written off over a 5-year period using a profit rate of 8%. Taxes and insurance on either machine would be 2% of first cost per year and other costs were estimated to be the same for either welder. Determine the best alternative using the annual cost method.

RATE SCHEDULE Service charge per month Php1.60 Energy charge (to be added to the service charge)

First 1,000 kW-Hr per month Php0.027/kW-Hr Next 2,000 kW-Hr per month Php0.023/kW-Hr Next 5,000 kW-Hr per month Php0.019/kW-Hr

For all excess over 8,000 kW-Hr per month First 50 hours of maximum demand Php0.017/kW-Hr

Next 150 hours per kW of maximum demand but not more than 85,000 kW-Hr

Php0.012/kW-Hr

All excess Php0.007/kW-Hr

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250) A water system is to be built to serve a newly developed subdivision. This subdivision will use 300,000,000 liters of

water every year. The facilities to be installed will cost Php1,500,000 and it is estimated that operation and maintenance of the system will cost Php70,000 annually. Operating taxes will be Php24,000 per year and income taxes will be 25% of the first Php100,000 net revenue and 35% of the net revenue over Php100,000. The life of the system properties is 80 years and 5% sinking fund is to be established for depreciation. At what rate per cu.m. must the water be sold to return an annual net profit of 8% after income taxes on the original investment?

251) A food manufacturing plant has a waste product that is now being dumped into a river. The industrial waste

material could be processed to produce fertilizer or a remixed waste to digest the organic materials to produce methane, carbon dioxide and bacterial cells. This would require the investment of Php32,000 in equipment and Php5,300 a month for other materials. Labor could cost Php1,400 per month. Overhead expenses will cost Php5,600 a year. Taxes and insurance amount to 3% of the first cost of the equipment per year. Payroll and other benefits amount to 4% of first cost. The life of the equipment is 5 years with no salvage value at the end of its life. Money is worth 20% to the company. If 3,000 kilograms of fertilizers are produced each month which can be sold for Php2.20 per kilogram, should the firm make the investment?

252) A company warehouse has no automatic sprinkler system. Annual fire insurance premium have been Php1,200. If

a sprinkler system costing Php8,000 is installed, the insurance premium will be reduced by 50%. The system is estimated to have a life of 30 years, with the annual cost of taxes and maintenance amounting to Php75. Capital is worth 8%. The company engineer estimates the actual loss from any fire, including such factors as lost orders and personnel required to make repairs would be at least 50% greater than the physical loss covered by insurance. It is assumed that the reduction in insurance premiums is a good measure of the difference in the probable physical loss without and with a sprinkler system. From a long range viewpoint, determine whether the sprinkler system is a good investment.

253) A food manufacturing plant has a waste product that is now being dumped into a river. The industrial waste

material could be processed to produce fertilizer or a remixed waste to digest the organic materials to produce methane, carbon dioxide and bacterial cells. This would require the investment of Php12,000,000 in equipment and Php95,300 a month for other materials. Labor could cost Php8,400 per month. Overhead expenses will cost Php98,600 a year. Taxes and insurance amount to 3% of the first cost of the equipment per year. Payroll and other benefits amount to 4% of first cost. The life of the equipment is 15 years with no salvage value at the end of its life. Money is worth 30% to the company. If 5,000 kilograms of fertilizers are produced each month which can be sold for Php22.20 per kilogram, should the firm make the investment?

254) A young mechanical engineer is considering establishing his own small company. An investment of Php100,000 will

be required which must be recovered in 15 years. It is established that sales will be Php150,000 per year and that operating expenses will be:

Materials Php40,000 per year Labor 70,000 per year Overhead Php10,000 + 10% of sales per year Selling expenses Php5,000 per year

The engineer will give up his regular job paying Php15,000 per year and devote full time to his business. This will result in decreasing labor cost by Php10,000 per year, materials cost by Php7,000 per year, and overhead by Php8,000 per year. If the engineer expects to earn at least 20% on his capital, should he invest?

255) The ABC Company manufacturers Part No. 1001 for use in its tractor assembly operation. The cost per unit for

5,000 units of this part is a total of Php26.00 for the following: Direct materials Php2.00 Direct labor Php12.00 Fixed factory overhead Php7.00 Variable factory overhead Php5.00

The LMR Company offered to sell to ABC Company 5,000 units of the same part for Php27.00 each. If ABC Company accepts, some of its facilities presently used to manufacture this part could be used to help with the manufacture of the same part, thus saving Php40,000 in relevant cost in its manufacturing and eliminate Php3.00 per unit of the fixed factory over head applied to this part.

Prepare a make or buy decision analysis showing the savings, if any, from buying instead of making. 256) A plastic manufacturing company is intending to expand its product facilities starting in 1988. The program

requires the following estimated expenditures: Php1,000,000 at the end of 1988 Php1,200,000 at the end of 1990 Php1,500,000 at the end of 1993

To accumulate the require funds, it established a sinking fund constituting of 15 uniform annual deposits, the first deposit having been made at the end of 1979. The interest of the fund is 6% per annum. Calculate the annual deposit.

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257) A young mechanical engineer is considering establishing his own small company. An investment of Php300,000 will be required which must be recovered in 5 years. It is established that sales will be Php150,000 per year and that operating expenses will be:

Materials Php80,000 per year Labor 150,000 per year Overhead Php20,000 + 10% of sales per year Selling expenses Php15,000 per year

The engineer will give up his regular job paying Php35,000 per year and devote full time to his business. This will result in decreasing labor cost by Php10,000 per year, materials cost by Php7,000 per year, and overhead by Php8,000 per year. If the engineer expects to earn at least 20% on his capital, should he invest?

258) An ice plant owner decided top install a water pump from a near-by clean fresh water source to supply its water

requirements. The capacity of the pump is 45.5 cu.m. per hour against a head of 43 meters with an efficiency of 70% at full load and 40% at half load. The total cost of the pumping unit including the piping system to the plant is Php700,000 with zero salvage value at the end of its estimated life of 20 years. The prime mover of the pump is an electric motor and cost of power is Php2.10 per kW-Hr. Taxes, insurance and maintenance cost is 1.5% of the first cost per year. The pump will operate 200 days continuous operation per year at half load and 150 days at full load. If the cost of money is 12%, how much will it cost the owner to operate the pump per cubic meter?

259) A plastic manufacturing company is intending to expand its product facilities starting in 1988. The program

requires the following estimated expenditures: Php1,000,000 at the end of 1988 Php1,200,000 at the end of 1990 Php1,500,000 at the end of 1993

To accumulate the require funds, it established a sinking fund constituting of 15 uniform annual deposits, the first deposit having been made at the end of 1979. The interest of the fund is 6% per annum. What will be the balance in the fund in January 1, 1990?

260) A mechanical engineer is faced with the prospect of a fluctuating future budget due to the country’s economic

condition for the maintenance of a particular machine. During each of next 5 years Php1,000 per year will be budgeted. During the next 5 years the annual budget will be Php1,500 each year. In addition, Php3,500 will be spent for the overhaul of the machine at the end of the 4th year, and another Php3,500 for overhaul at the end of the 8th year. The mechanical engineer wonders what uniform annual expenditure would be equivalent to these fluctuating amounts assuming interest is 6% per annum. Compute the equivalent uniform annual expenditure for the 10-year period.

261) An ice plant owner decided top install a water pump from a near-by clean fresh water source to supply its water

requirements. The capacity of the pump is 45.5 cu.m. per hour against a head of 43 meters with an efficiency of 70% at full load and 40% at half load. The total cost of the pumping unit including the piping system to the plant is Php1,700,000 with zero salvage value at the end of its estimated life of 20 years. The prime mover of the pump is an electric motor and cost of power is Php7.10 per kW-Hr. Taxes, insurance and maintenance cost is 8.5% of the first cost per year. The pump will operate 150 days continuous operation per year at half load and 200 days at full load. If the cost of money is 12%, how much will it cost the owner to operate the pump per cubic meter?

262) A food-processing plant consumes 600,000 kW-Hr of electrical energy annually and pays an average of Php2.00

per kW-Hr. A study is being made to generate its own power to supply the plant the energy required. The power plant installed cost Php2,000,000; annual operation and maintenance, Php800,000; other expenses, Php100,000 per year. The life of the plant is 19 years; salvage value at the end of life is Php200,000; annual taxes and insurance 5% of first cost, and the rate of interest is 12%. Using the straight-line method for depreciation, determine if the power plant is justifiable.

263) A mechanical engineer is faced with the prospect of a fluctuating future budget due to the country’s economic

condition for the maintenance of a particular machine. During each of next 5 years Php1,000 per year will be budgeted. During the next 5 years the annual budget will be Php1,500 each year. In addition, Php3,500 will be spent for the overhaul of the machine at the end of the 4th year, and another Php3,500 for overhaul at the end of the 8th year. The mechanical engineer wonders what uniform annual expenditure would be equivalent to these fluctuating amounts assuming interest is 15% per annum. Compute the equivalent uniform annual expenditure for the 10-year period.

264) A fixed capital investment of Php10,000,000 is required for a proposed manufacturing plant and an estimated

working capital of Php2,000,000. Annual depreciation is estimated to be 10% of the fixed capital investment. Determine the rate of return on the total investment and the minimum payout period if the annual profit is Php2,500,000.

265) A food-processing plant consumes 600,000 kW-Hr of electrical energy annually and pays an average of Php2.00

per kW-Hr. A study is being made to generate its own power to supply the plant the energy required. The power plant installed cost Php2,000,000; annual operation and maintenance, Php800,000; other expenses, Php100,000 per year. The life of the plant is 15 years; salvage value at the end of life is Php200,000; annual taxes and

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insurance 6% of first cost, and the rate of interest is 15%. Using the sinking fund method for depreciation, determine if the power plant is justifiable.

266) A firm is considering purchasing equipment that will reduce annual cost by Php40,000. The equipment costs

Php300,000 and has a salvage value of Php50,000 and a life of 7 years. The annual maintenance cost is Php6,000. While not is use by the firm, the equipment can be rented to others to generate an income of Php10,000 per year. If money can be invested for an 8% return, is the firm justified in buying the equipment?

267) A fixed capital investment of Php17,000,000 is required for a proposed manufacturing plant and an estimated

working capital of Php3,000,000. Annual depreciation is estimated to be 8% of the fixed capital investment. Determine the rate of return on the total investment and the minimum payout period if the annual profit is Php3,500,000.

268) A manufacturing company is buying power from Meralco at an average cost of Php1.60 per kW-Hr. The company’s

average annual consumption is 36 million kW-Hr. In view of the expected power shortage next year, 1990, the company is considering to generate their own power requirements. From the order of the president of the company, you are to determine the comparative costs between a self-generated power and that of Meralco.

The following information were obtained by the company’s Engineering Department: a) Total connected load – 3,000 kW and peak load – 2,000 kW; b) Based on the total connected and peak loads, three 1.5 MW bunker-fired Diesel generator sets will be installed; c) Installed cost for the three sets including civil works and building is Php12,000 per kW; d) Life of the entire power plant is 15 years; e) Salvage value is 10% of the installed cost; f) Interest rate is 4%; g) Annual fuel and lubricating oil consumption and cost of other petroleum products:

i. Diesel oil for start-up = 972,000 liters at Php3.3916/liter; ii. Bunker fuel = 8.748 million liters at Php2.3241 per liter; iii. Lubricating oil = 10,000 liters at Php21,56 per liter.

h) Annual cost for spare parts and other consumables = Php3,600,000. i) Annual salaries and wages for operating and maintenance personnel = Php1,200,000; j) Taxes and insurance = 1% of installed cost; k) Use straight-line depreciation. If the self-generated power should be cheaper, how much savings would be

realized annually, and what would be the payback period of the power plant? 269) A firm is considering purchasing equipment that will reduce annual cost by Php50,000. The equipment costs

Php300,000 and has a salvage value of Php50,000 and a life of 8 years. The annual maintenance cost is Php6,000. While not is use by the firm, the equipment can be rented to others to generate an income of Php12,000 per year. If money can be invested for a 10return, is the firm justified in buying the equipment?

270) A manufacturing company is buying power from Meralco at an average cost of Php3.60 per kW-Hr. The company’s

average annual consumption is 36 million kW-Hr. In view of the expected power shortage next year, 1990, the company is considering to generate their own power requirements. From the order of the president of the company, you are to determine the comparative costs between a self-generated power and that of Meralco.

The following information were obtained by the company’s Engineering Department: a) Total connected load – 3,000 kW and peak load – 2,000 kW; b) Based on the total connected and peak loads, three 1.5 MW bunker-fired Diesel generator sets will be installed; c) Installed cost for the three sets including civil works and building is Php12,000 per kW; d) Life of the entire power plant is 19 years; e) Salvage value is 10% of the installed cost; f) Interest rate is 9%; g) Annual fuel and lubricating oil consumption and cost of other petroleum products:

i. Diesel oil for start-up = 972,000 liters at Php3.3916/liter; ii. Bunker fuel = 8.748 million liters at Php2.3241 per liter; iii. Lubricating oil = 10,000 liters at Php21,56 per liter.

h) Annual cost for spare parts and other consumables = Php3,600,000. i) Annual salaries and wages for operating and maintenance personnel = Php1,200,000; j) Taxes and insurance = 1% of installed cost; k) Use sinking-fund method of depreciation. If the self-generated power should be cheaper, how much savings

would be realized annually, and what would be the payback period of the power plant? ****COMPARISON OF ALTERNATIVES**** 271) Superior Air Products Co., Inc., will install an induction motor costing Php40,000 with an efficiency of 88% and a

power factor of 75%, or a synchronous motor costing Php48,000 having an efficiency of 87% and a power factor of 98%. The power output of each motor will be 10,000 kW•Hr per month. Power cost Php0.50 per kW•Hr prior to the application of any bonus or penalty for power. The Panay Electric Co. providing current will reduce its bill according to the following clause: if the power factor exceeds 80% the bill will be reduced by 0.4% for each 1% of such excess up to 90% power factor, and by 0.3% for each 1% excess from 91% to 100% power factor. No bonus or penalty will be given for any power factor between 70% and 79%. Compare the monthly power bills for the two motors and give your recommendations.

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272) Two project studies for the construction of an engineering building are under consideration. On one study the cost of the building is Php650,000 with a life of 20 years and a salvage value of Php40,000. Yearly maintenance and repair is Php1,800. The other proposes a first cost of Php720,000, life of 30 years, and a salvage value of Php60,000. Yearly maintenance and repair is Php2,000. If the yield on the investment is 6%, determine which project study is acceptable?

273) Superior Air Products Co., Inc., will install an induction motor costing Php40,000 with an efficiency of 88% and a

power factor of 75%, or a synchronous motor costing Php48,000 having an efficiency of 87% and a power factor of 98%. The power output of each motor will be 15,000 kW•Hr per month. Power cost Php0.30 per kW•Hr prior to the application of any bonus or penalty for power. The Panay Electric Co. providing current will reduce its bill according to the following clause: if the power factor exceeds 80% the bill will be reduced by 0.4% for each 1% of such excess up to 90% power factor, and by 0.3% for each 1% excess from 91% to 100% power factor. No bonus or penalty will be given for any power factor between 70% and 79%. Compare the monthly power bills for the two motors and give your recommendations.

274) Make an economic analysis to determine which of the following two machines is capable of performing the same

task in a given amount of time should be purchased. The minimum attractive rate of return is 8%. Basing on annual cost and using straight-line with average interest method, determine which machine you would choose.

Account Machine A Machine B First Cost Php10,000 Php20,000 Annual Maintenance Php250 Php300 Salvage Value Php0 Php6,000 Estimated Life 6 years 14 years

275) Two project studies for an engineering building construction are under consideration. On one study, the cost of

the building is Php650,000, life of 25 years, and salvage value of Php40,000. Yearly maintenance and repair is Php1,800. The other proposes a first cost of Php720,000, life of 30 years, and a salvage value of Php60,000. Annual maintenance and repair is Php2,000. With 10% investment yield, which project study is acceptable?

276) A cold storage plant desires to determine whether to use insulation 2 inches thick or 3 inches thick in insulating the

walls of the cold storage warehouse. Heat absorbed through the walls without insulation would cost Php96.00 per sq.m. A 2-inch insulation will cost Php30.40 and will cut out 89% of the loss. A 3-inch insulation will cut out 92% of the loss and will cost Php65.60 per sq.m. Using a life of 15 years for the insulation with no salvage value and minimum attractive return of 8%, what thickness of insulation should be used? Use annual cost method.

277) Superior Air Products Co., Inc., will install an induction motor costing Php40,000 with an efficiency of 88% and a

power factor of 75%, or a synchronous motor costing Php48,000 having an efficiency of 87% and a power factor of 98%. The power output of each motor will be 20,000 kW•Hr per month. Power cost Php0.40 per kW•Hr prior to the application of any bonus or penalty for power. The Panay Electric Co. providing current will reduce its bill according to the following clause: if the power factor exceeds 80% the bill will be reduced by 0.4% for each 1% of such excess up to 90% power factor, and by 0.3% for each 1% excess from 91% to 100% power factor. No bonus or penalty will be given for any power factor between 70% and 79%. Compare the monthly power bills for the two motors and give your recommendations.

278) The City of Zamboanga contemplates to increase the capacity of its existing water transmission line. Which of the

two plans, under consideration, is the more economical plan if interest rate is 12%? Plan A requires the construction of a parallel pipe line, the flow being maintained by gravity. The initial cost is

Php2,750,000 and the life is 40 years, with an annual operating cost of Php50,000. Plan B requires the construction of a booster pumping station costing Php1,050,000 with a life of 40 years. The

pumping equipment costs an additional amount of Php250,000. It has a life of 20 years and a salvage value of Php25,000. The annual operating cost is Php165,000.

279) A cold storage plant desires to determine whether to use insulation 2 inches thick or 3 inches thick in insulating the

walls of the cold storage warehouse. Heat absorbed through the walls without insulation would cost Php96.00 per sq.m. A 2-inch insulation will cost Php30.40 and will cut out 89% of the loss. A 3-inch insulation will cut out 92% of the loss and will cost Php65.60 per sq.m. Using a life of 15 years for the insulation with no salvage value and minimum attractive return of 8%, what thickness of insulation should be used? Use capitalized cost method.

280) Make an economic analysis to determine which of the following two machines is capable of performing the same

task in a given amount of time should be purchased. The minimum attractive rate of return is 11%. Basing on annual cost and using straight-line with average interest method, determine which machine you would choose.

Account Machine A Machine B First Cost Php10,000 Php20,000 Annual Maintenance Php250 Php300 Salvage Value Php100 Php6,000 Estimated Life 6 years 14 years

281) The City of Zamboanga contemplates to increase the capacity of its existing water transmission line. Which of the

two plans, under consideration, is the more economical plan if interest rate is 10%?

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Plan A requires the construction of a parallel pipe line, the flow being maintained by gravity. The initial cost is Php2,750,000 and the life is 40 years, with an annual operating cost of Php50,000.

Plan B requires the construction of a booster pumping station costing Php1,050,000 with a life of 40 years. The pumping equipment costs an additional amount of Php250,000. It has a life of 20 years and a salvage value of Php25,000. The annual operating cost is Php165,000.

282) A cold storage plant desires to determine whether to use insulation 2 inches thick or 3 inches thick in insulating the

walls of the cold storage warehouse. Heat absorbed through the walls without insulation would cost Php96.00 per sq.m. A 2-inch insulation will cost Php30.40 and will cut out 89% of the loss. A 3-inch insulation will cut out 92% of the loss and will cost Php65.60 per sq.m. Using a life of 15 years for the insulation with no salvage value and minimum attractive return of 8%, what thickness of insulation should be used? Use present worth cost method.

283) The Alpha Machinery Co. has been shipping its products (moderately heavy machines) mounted only on skids

without complete crating. To avoid crating, it must ship in freight cars which contains only the machines. To do this, it must pay freight on a 42 tons car capacity load, regardless of whether or not the car is completely full. In the past, actual shipment is only 30 tons in each car. The car load freight rate is Php3.10 per hundred kilograms.

If the machines are crated so that they can be shipped in mixed car lots along with other merchandise, they can be shipped at a rate of Php3.30 per hundred kilograms with the freight bill computed on the actual weight shipped. The cost of crating would be Php8.00 and would increase the shipping weight from 545 to 555 kilogram per machine. Which procedure should be followed?

284) A number of Dendro-Thermal Plants are being constructed in the Philippines. One of the problem areas is the

transportation of cut wood from the Jemelina plantation to the Dendro-Thermal Plant. Two possible alternatives to accomplish this operation are by trucks or by cable transport system. The economic life of the truck is 10 years. Which of the two alternatives would you recommend?

The operation requires 8 to 10 hours per day, 365 days a year. Average weight of cut wood to be transported per day is 100 tons.

A trucking company has offered their services at an average cost of Php35.00 per ton to haul cut wood from the plantation to the plant. If the plant owner will install a cable transit system, he will have the following expenses: a) First cost of cable transit system equipment including installation = Php2,500,000; b) Estimated annual maintenance cost = Php75,000; c) Labor cost to operate the system 8 to 10 hours a day, 365 days a year = Php75,000; d) Overhead expenses and other miscellaneous expenditures per year = Php80,000; e) Rate of interest on investment = 21%.

285) The City of Zamboanga contemplates to increase the capacity of its existing water transmission line. Which of the

two plans, under consideration, is the more economical plan if interest rate is 20%? Plan A requires the construction of a parallel pipe line, the flow being maintained by gravity. The initial cost is

Php2,750,000 and the life is 40 years, with an annual operating cost of Php50,000. Plan B requires the construction of a booster pumping station costing Php1,050,000 with a life of 30 years. The

pumping equipment costs an additional amount of Php250,000. It has a life of 20 years and a salvage value of Php25,000. The annual operating cost is Php165,000.

286) An industrial firm received an offer for the supply of two electric motors which are being considered to power an

industrial hoist. Money is worth 20%. Each motor is capable of providing 100hp. If the expected usage of the hoist is 700 hours per year, what should be the cost of electric power before Motor A is favored over Motor B? Other pertinent data for each motor are as follows:

Description Motor A Motor B Investment Php25,000 Php32,000 Efficiency 84% 88% Maintenance per year Php400 Php600 Economic Life 10 years 10 years

287) The Alpha Machinery Co. has been shipping its products (moderately heavy machines) mounted only on skids

without complete crating. To avoid crating, it must ship in freight cars which contains only the machines. To do this, it must pay freight on a car capacity load of 42 tons, regardless of whether or not the car is completely full. In the past it actually has shipped only 30 tons in each car. The car load freight rate is Php3.15 per hundred kilograms.

If the machines are crated so that they can be shipped in mixed car lots along with other merchandise, they can be shipped at a rate of Php3.40 per hundred kilograms with the freight bill computed on the actual weight shipped. The cost of crating would be Php16.00 and would increase the shipping weight from 545 to 555 kilogram per machine. Which procedure should be followed?

288) An industrial firm received an offer for the supply of two electric motors which are being considered to power an

industrial hoist. Money is worth 15%. Each motor is capable of providing 100hp. If the expected usage of the hoist is 700 hours per year, what should be the cost of electric power before Motor A is favored over Motor B? Other pertinent data for each motor are as follows:

Description Motor A Motor B Investment Php25,000 Php32,000 Efficiency 84% 88%

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Maintenance per year Php400 Php600 Economic Life 8 years 10 years

289) An oil company is being offered a special coating for the gasoline underground tanks it is installing in its service

stations which will increase the life of the tank from 10 to 15 years. The cost of the special coating will increase the cost of the tank from Php40,000 to 58,000. The cost of the installation is Php24,000. The salvage value is zero, and the interest rate is 26%. Would you recommend the use of the special coating?

290) A number of Dendro-Thermal Plants are being constructed in the Philippines. One of the problem areas is the

transportation of cut wood from the Ipil-ipil plantation to the Dendro-Thermal Plant. Two possible alternatives to accomplish this operation are by trucks or by cable transport system. The economic life of the truck is 10 years. Which of the two alternatives would you recommend?

The operation requires 8 to 10 hours per day, 365 days a year. Average weight of cut wood to be transported per day is 100 tons.

A trucking company has offered their services at an average cost of Php35.00 per ton to haul the cut wood from the plantation to the plant. If the plant owner will install a cable transit system, the following expenses will be incurred: a) First cost of cable transit system equipment including installation = Php2,500,000; b) Estimated annual maintenance cost = Php70,000; c) Labor cost to operate the system 8 to 10 hours a day, 365 days a year = Php75,000; d) Overhead expenses and other miscellaneous expenditures per year = Php80,000; e) Rate of interest on investment = 16%.

291) An oil company is being offered a special coating for the gasoline underground tanks it is installing in its service

stations which will increase the life of the tank from 10 to 18 years. The cost of the special coating will increase the cost of the tank from Php40,000 to 58,000. The cost of the installation is Php24,000. The salvage value is zero, and the interest rate is 20%. Would you recommend the use of the special coating?

292) The engineer of a medium scale industry was instructed to prepare two plans to be considered by management to

improve their operations. Plan A calls for an initial investment of Php200,000 now with an expected salvage value of 20% of the first cost 20 years hence. The operations and maintenance disbursements are estimated to be Php15,000 each year and taxes will be 2% of first cost. Plan B calls for an immediate investment of 140,000 and a second investment of Php160,000 eight years later. The operations and maintenance disbursements will be Php9,000 a year for the initial installation and Php8,000 a year for the second installation. At the end of 20 years, the salvage value will be 20% of the investments. Taxes will be 2% of first cost. If money is worth 12%, which plan will you recommend?

293) An industrial firm received an offer for the supply of two electric motors which are being considered to power an

industrial hoist. Money is worth 18%. Each motor is capable of providing 100hp. If the expected usage of the hoist is 700 hours per year, what should be the cost of electric power before Motor A is favored over Motor B? Other pertinent data for each motor are as follows:

Description Motor A Motor B Investment Php25,000 Php32,000 Efficiency 86% 88% Maintenance per year Php400 Php600 Economic Life 9 years 10 years

** 294) The engineer of a medium scale industry was instructed to prepare two plans to be considered by management to

improve their operations. Plan A calls for an initial investment of Php200,000 now with an expected salvage value of 20% of the first cost 20 years hence. The operations and maintenance disbursements are estimated to be Php15,000 each year and taxes will be 2% of first cost. Plan B calls for an immediate investment of 140,000 and a second investment of Php160,000 eight years later. The operations and maintenance disbursements will be Php9,000 a year for the initial installation and Php8,000 a year for the second installation. At the end of 20 years, the salvage value will be 20% of the investments. Taxes will be 4% of first cost. If money is worth 16%, which plan will you recommend?

295) The MGC Company has a contract with a hauler to transport its Naphtha requirements of 3,600,000 liters per year

from a refinery in Batangas to its site in Paco, Manila at a total cost of Php0.21 per liter. It is proposed that the company buy a tanker with a capacity of 18,000 liters to service its requirements at a first cost of Php800,000, life is 6 years, and a salvage value of Php20,000. Other expenses are as follows: a) Diesel fuel at Php5.00 per liter and the tanker consumes 120 liters per round trip from Batangas to Paco and

back; b) Lubricating oil and servicing is Php800.00 per month; c) Labor including overtime and fringe benefits for one driver and one helper is Php7,000.per month; d) Annual taxes and insurance is 5% of first cost; e) General maintenance per year is Php20,000; f) Tire costs Php21,000 per set and will be renewed every 150 round trips.

What should the MGC Company do if a 15% interest rate on investment is included in the analysis?

Bill
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296) An oil company is being offered a special coating for the gasoline underground tanks it is installing in its service stations which will increase the life of the tank from 10 to 18 years. The cost of the special coating will increase the cost of the tank from Php40,000 to Php58,000. The cost of the installation is Php24,000. The salvage value is Php1,000, and the interest rate is 18%. Would you recommend the use of the special coating?

297) The MGC Company has a contract with a hauler to transport its Naphtha requirements of 3,600,000 liters per year

from a refinery in Batangas to its site in Paco, Manila at a total cost of Php0.21 per liter. It is proposed that the company buy a tanker with a capacity of 18,000 liters to service its requirements at a first cost of Php800,000, life is 6 years, and a salvage value of Php20,000. Other expenses are as follows: a) Diesel fuel at Php5.00 per liter and the tanker consumes 120 liters per round trip from Batangas to Paco and

back; b) Lubricating oil and servicing is Php800.00 per month; c) Labor including overtime and fringe benefits for one driver and one helper is Php7,000.per month; d) Annual taxes and insurance is 5% of first cost; e) General maintenance per year is Php20,000; f) Tire costs Php21,000 per set and will be renewed every 150 round trips.

What should the MGC Company do if a 18% interest rate on investment is included in the analysis? 298) The Asset Privatization Trust put up for sale a machine manufacturing plant. There were two bidders with the

following proposals: a) Bidder A offered Php10,000,000 payable with 20% down payment, the balance payable Php1,000,000 annually

for 8 years; b) Bidder B offered Php9,000,000 payable Php2,000,000 down payment, the balance payable Php500,000 semi-

annually for 7 years. Which bid is more favorable to the Asset Privatization Trust if money is worth 10% effective?

299) The engineer of a medium scale industry was instructed to prepare two plans to be considered by management to

improve their operations. Plan A calls for an initial investment of Php200,000 now with an expected salvage value of 15% of the first cost 20 years hence. The operations and maintenance disbursements are estimated to be Php15,000 each year and taxes will be 2% of first cost. Plan B calls for an immediate investment of 140,000 and a second investment of Php160,000 eight years later. The operations and maintenance disbursements will be Php9,000 a year for the initial installation and Php8,000 a year for the second installation. At the end of 20 years, the salvage value will be 10% of the investments. Taxes will be 4% of first cost. If money is worth 15%, which plan will you recommend?

300) The Asset Privatization Trust put up for sale a machine manufacturing plant. There were two bidders with the

following proposals: a) Bidder A offered Php10,000,000 payable with 20% down payment, the balance payable Php1,000,000 annually

for 8 years; b) Bidder B offered Php9,000,000 payable Php2,000,000 down payment, the balance payable Php500,000 semi-

annually for 8 years. Which bid is more favorable to the Asset Privatization Trust if money is worth 15% effective?

301) A paint manufacturing company uses a sand mill for fine grinding of paint with an output of 100 liters per hour

using glass beads as grinding media. Media load in the mill is 25 kilograms costing Php200 per kilogram and is fully replenished in 2 months time at 8 hours per day operation, 25 days per month. A ceramics grinding media is offered to the company costing Php400 per kilogram and needs 30 kilograms in the sand mill, but guarantees an output of 120 liter per hour and full replenishment of media in 3 months. If the profit on paint production is Php1.50 per liter, would you recommend the change in media?

302) An untreated electric wooden pole that will last 10 years under a certain soil condition cost Php1,200.00. If a

treated pole will last for 20 years, what is the maximum amount that be paid for the treated pole if the maximum return on the investment is 12%? Consider annual taxes and insurance to be 1% of first cost.

303) The MGC Company has a contract with a hauler to transport its Naphtha requirements of 3,600,000 liters per year

from a refinery in Batangas to its site in Paco, Manila at a total cost of Php0.21 per liter. It is proposed that the company buy a tanker with a capacity of 18,000 liters to service its requirements at a first cost of Php800,000, life is 6 years, and a salvage value of Php20,000. Other expenses are as follows: a) Diesel fuel at Php5.00 per liter and the tanker consumes 120 liters per round trip from Batangas to Paco and

back; b) Lubricating oil and servicing is Php800.00 per month; c) Labor including overtime and fringe benefits for one driver and one helper is Php7,000.per month; d) Annual taxes and insurance is 5% of first cost; e) General maintenance per year is Php20,000; f) Tire costs Php21,000 per set and will be renewed every 150 round trips.

What should the MGC Company do if a 21% interest rate on investment is included in the analysis? 304) An untreated electric wooden pole that will last 10 years under a certain soil condition cost Php1,200.00. If a

treated pole will last for 20 years, what is the maximum amount that be paid for the treated pole if the maximum return on the investment is 15%. Consider that annual taxes and insurance to be 3% of first cost?

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305) A paint manufacturing company uses a sand mill for fine grinding of paint with an output of 100 liters per hour

using glass beads as grinding media. Media load in the mill is 25 kilograms costing Php200 per kilogram and is fully replenished in 2 months time at 8 hours per day operation, 25 days per month. A ceramics grinding media is offered to the company costing Php300 per kilogram and needs 30 kilograms in the sand mill, but guarantees an output of 120 liter per hour and full replenishment of media in 2 months. If the profit on paint production is Php1.50 per liter, would you recommend the change in media?

306) An untreated electric wooden pole that will last 15 years under a certain soil condition cost Php1,200.00. If a

treated pole will last for 20 years, what is the maximum amount that be paid for the treated pole if the maximum return on the investment is 19%. Consider that annual taxes and insurance to be 3% of first cost?

307) The Asset Privatization Trust put up for sale a machine manufacturing plant. There were two bidders with the

following proposals: a) Bidder A offered Php10,000,000 payable with 20% down payment, the balance payable Php1,000,000 annually

for 8 years; b) Bidder B offered Php9,000,000 payable Php2,000,000 down payment, the balance payable Php500,000 semi-

annually for 8 years. Which bid is more favorable to the Asset Privatization Trust if money is worth 19% effective?

308) An untreated electric wooden pole that will last 15 years under a certain soil condition cost Php1,500.00. If a

treated pole will last for 30 years, what is the maximum amount that be paid for the treated pole if the maximum return on the investment is 19%. Consider that annual taxes and insurance to be 3% of first cost?

309) An electric cooperative is considering the use of a concrete electric pole in the expansion of its power distribution

system. A concrete pole cost Php18,000 each and will last 20 years. The company is presently using creosoted wooden poles which cost Php12,000 each and will last 10 years. If money is worth 12%, which pole should be used? Assume annual taxes amount to 1% of first cost and zero salvage value in each case.

310) A paint manufacturing company uses a sand mill for fine grinding of paint with an output of 100 liters per hour

using glass beads as grinding media. Media load in the mill is 25 kilograms costing Php200 per kilogram and is fully replenished in 2 months time at 8 hours per day operation, 25 days per month. A ceramics grinding media is offered to the company costing Php350 per kilogram and needs 30 kilograms in the sand mill, but guarantees an output of 120 liter per hour and full replenishment of media in 3 months. If the profit on paint production is Php3.50 per liter, would you recommend the change in media?

311) A company is considering the purchase of generating set to supply the electrical needs of its office during

brownouts. The first offer it received is for a Gasoline engine driven unit with an estimated life span of 15 years and would

cost the company Php52,000. The annual maintenance cost is estimated to be Php8,300, annual operating cost would be Php27,000, and salvage value would be Php7,200.

The second offer the company received is for a Diesel engine driven unit with an estimated life span of 28 years, annual maintenance cost of Php5,800, operating yearly cost of Php18,800, and salvage value of Php11,900. The price offered for the unit is Php98,250.

If the company would need the services of the generator for 30 years, which of the two offers would be better for the company if money is worth 22%? Compute on Present Worth cost basis.

312) An electric cooperative is considering the use of a concrete electric pole in the expansion of its power distribution

system. A concrete pole cost Php20,000 each and will last 40 years. The company is presently using creosoted wooden poles which cost Php12,000 each and will last 15 years. If money is worth 12%, which pole should be used? Assume annual taxes amount to 1% of first cost and zero salvage value in each case.

313) A company is considering the purchase of generating set to supply the electrical needs of its office during

brownouts. The first offer it received is for a Gasoline engine driven unit with an estimated life span of 5 years and would

cost the company Php52,000. The annual maintenance cost is estimated to be Php8,300, annual operating cost would be Php27,000, and salvage value would be Php7,200.

The second offer the company received is for a Diesel engine driven unit with an estimated life span of 10 years, annual maintenance cost of Php5,800, operating yearly cost of Php18,800, and salvage value of Php11,900. The price offered for the unit is Php98,250.

If the company would need the services of the generator for 10 years, which of the two offers would be better for the company if money is worth 20%? Compute on Present Worth cost basis.

314) An untreated electric wooden pole that will last 15 years under a certain soil condition cost Php1,500.00. If a

treated pole will last for 30 years, what is the maximum amount that be paid for the treated pole if the maximum return on the investment is 19%. Consider that annual taxes and insurance to be 3% of first cost?

315) A company is considering the purchase of generating set to supply the electrical needs of its office during

brownouts.

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The first offer it received is for a Gasoline engine driven unit with an estimated life span of 15 years and would cost the company Php52,000. The annual maintenance cost is estimated to be Php8,300, annual operating cost would be Php27,000, and salvage value would be Php7,200.

The second offer the company received is for a Diesel engine driven unit with an estimated life span of 28 years, annual maintenance cost of Php5,800, operating yearly cost of Php18,800, and salvage value of Php11,900. The price offered for the unit is Php98,250.

If the company would need the services of the generator for 25 years, which of the two offers would be better for the company if money is worth 20%? Compute on annual cost basis.

316) A newly-formed company plans to build a factory building containing 3,000 sq.m. A wood frame building with

aluminum roofing and sidings can be built at a cost of Php400 per sq.m. It is expected to last 10 years with an average maintenance expense of Php3,000. The insurance rate on such a building is 1.5% of the first cost per year.

Another alternative is to build a structure with steel roof trusses having asbestos sheet roofing with hollow block sidings. Such a building would cost Php600 per sq.m. This building is expected to last 20 years with average maintenance expenses of Php2,000. Insurance on such a building would be 1% of first cost.

Assume a salvage value of 5% of first costing each case. Annual taxes on each structure are 1.5% of first cost. If capital is available and is worth not less than 12%, which structure would you recommend?

317) An electric cooperative is considering the use of a concrete electric pole in the expansion of its power distribution

system. A concrete pole cost Php20,000 each and will last 40 years. The company is presently using creosoted wooden poles which cost Php12,000 each and will last 15 years. If money is worth 15%, which pole should be used? Assume annual taxes amount to 3% of first cost and zero salvage value 1% of first cost in each case.

318) A machine part in a chemical plant is subject to corrosion and rust due to chemical fumes. The installed cost is

Php2,300 and lasts 5 years. If the part is treated against corrosion and rust it will cost Php3,000 installed. If money is worth 12%, how long must the treated part last to justify the treatment?

319) A newly-formed company plans to build a factory building containing 3,000 sq.m. A wood frame building with

aluminum roofing and sidings can be built at a cost of Php400 per sq.m. It is expected to last 10 years with an average maintenance expense of Php3,000. The insurance rate on such a building is 1.5% of the first cost per year.

Another alternative is to build a structure with steel roof trusses having asbestos sheet roofing with hollow block sidings. Such a building would cost Php700 per sq.m. This building is expected to last 30 years with average maintenance expenses of Php2,000. Insurance on such a building would be 1% of first cost.

Assume a salvage value of 5% of first costing each case. Annual taxes on each structure are 1.5% of first cost. If capital is available and is worth not less than 15%, which structure would you recommend?

320) A machine part in a chemical plant is subject to corrosion and rust due to chemical fumes. The installed cost is

Php23,000 and lasts 5 years. If the part is treated against corrosion and rust it will cost Php30,000 installed. If money is worth 15%, how long must the treated part last to justify the treatment?

321) A company is considering the purchase of generating set to supply the electrical needs of its office during

brownouts. The first offer it received is for a Gasoline engine driven unit with an estimated life span of 15 years and would

cost the company Php52,000. The annual maintenance cost is estimated to be Php8,300, annual operating cost would be Php27,000, and salvage value would be Php7,200.

The second offer the company received is for a Diesel engine driven unit with an estimated life span of 28 years, annual maintenance cost of Php5,800, operating yearly cost of Php18,800, and salvage value of Php11,900. The price offered for the unit is Php98,250.

If the company would need the services of the generator for 30 years, which of the two offers would be better for the company if money is worth 21%? Compute on Annual cost basis.

322) A machine part in a chemical plant is subject to corrosion and rust due to chemical fumes. The installed cost is

Php23,000 and lasts 8 years. If the part is treated against corrosion and rust it will cost Php30,000 installed. If money is worth 15%, how long must the treated part last to justify the treatment?

323) A newly-formed company plans to build a factory building containing 3,000 sq.m. A wood frame building with

aluminum roofing and sidings can be built at a cost of Php400 per sq.m. It is expected to last 14 years with an average maintenance expense of Php3,000. The insurance rate on such a building is 1.5% of the first cost per year.

Another alternative is to build a structure with steel roof trusses having asbestos sheet roofing with hollow block sidings. Such a building would cost Php700 per sq.m. This building is expected to last 30 years with average maintenance expenses of Php2,000. Insurance on such a building would be 1% of first cost.

Assume a salvage value of 5% of first costing each case. Annual taxes on each structure are 1.5% of first cost. If capital is available and is worth not less than 20%, which structure would you recommend?

324) A machine part in a chemical plant is subject to corrosion and rust due to chemical fumes. The installed cost is

Php23,000 and lasts 8 years. If the part is treated against corrosion and rust it will cost Php35,000 installed. If money is worth 20%, how long must the treated part last to justify the treatment?

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****REPLACEMENT ANALYSIS**** 325) A certain corn mill decided to sell its old engine which has been for 5 years costing Php7,200 when it was new.

The average operating cost per year thus far has been Php4,200. The replacement costing Php12,000 has an estimated life of 15 years, estimated annual operating cost 20% lower than that of the old engine. If interest is 9% and using straight-line depreciation, how much must the old engine be sold if its working life and its salvage value have been assumed as 15 years and Php500, respectively? Actual total cost for the old engine considering depreciation, interest and operation is Php347 less than that of the new. Salvage value of the replacement is Php800.

326) The owner of a ten-year old plant is considering two alternatives. If interest is 6%, which of these alternatives

would you select? a) To continue with the old equipment possibly for 5 more years at which time there will not be any salvage value.

Its present salvage value is Php4,000. Annual repair cost is Php1,000 and annual output is 10,000 tons. Operating cost is Php2.00 per ton.

b) To sell the old equipment for salvage value now and purchase new equipment costing Php50,000. It has a capacity of 12,000 tons per year and has an estimated life of 20 years, and will be scrapped at the end of life. Operating cost is Php1.60 per tone and annual repairs cost Php500.

327) A certain corn mill decided to sell its old engine which has been for 5 years costing Php7,200 when it was new.

The average operating cost per year thus far has been Php4,200. The replacement costing Php12,000 has an estimated life of 15 years, estimated annual operating cost 20% lower than that of the old engine. If interest is 12% and using sinking-fund depreciation, how much must the old engine be sold if its working life and its salvage value have been assumed as 15 years and Php500, respectively? Actual total cost for the old engine considering depreciation, interest and operation is Php347 less than that of the new. Salvage value of the replacement is Php800.

328) The owner of a ten-year old plant is considering two alternatives. If interest is 9%, which of these alternatives

would you select? a) To continue with the old equipment possibly for 5 more years at which time there will not be any salvage value.

Its present salvage value is Php4,000. Annual repair cost is Php1,000 and annual output is 10,000 tons. Operating cost is Php2.00 per ton.

b) To sell the old equipment for salvage value now and purchase new equipment costing Php50,000. It has a capacity of 12,000 tons per year and has an estimated life of 20 years, and will be scrapped at the end of life. Operating cost is Php1.60 per tone and annual repairs cost Php800.

329) An ash disposal system of a cement factory cost Php60,000 when new. It is now 4 years old. The annual

maintenance cost for the 4 years has been Php4,000, Php4,500, Php5,350, and Php6,000. Interest rate is 6%. A new system is guaranteed to have an estimated annual maintenance and operating cost not exceeding Php3,000 per annum. Its cost is Php94,000 installed. Life of each system is 7 years, salvage value is 5% of first cost. Present sale value of the old system is the same as the salvage value. Would it be profitable to install the new system? Use straight-line depreciation.

330) A certain corn mill decided to sell its old engine which has been for 5 years costing Php7,200 when it was new.

The average operating cost per year thus far has been Php4,200. The replacement costing Php12,000 has an estimated life of 15 years, estimated annual operating cost 20% lower than that of the old engine. If interest is 5% and using straight-line depreciation, how much must the old engine be sold if its working life and salvage value have been assumed as 15 years and Php500, respectively? Actual total cost for the old engine considering interest, depreciation, and operation is Php347 less than that of the new. Salvage value of the replacement is Php800.

331) An ash disposal system of a cement factory cost Php60,000 when new. It is now 4 years old. The annual

maintenance cost for the 4 years has been Php4,000, Php4,500, Php5,350, and Php6,000. Interest rate is 9%. A new system is guaranteed to have an estimated annual maintenance and operating cost not exceeding Php3,000 per annum. Its cost is Php94,000 installed. Life of each system is 8 years, salvage value is 5% of first cost. Present sale value of the old system is the same as the salvage value. Would it be profitable to install the new system? Use straight-line depreciation.

332) A machine that cost Php5,000 will last 20 years and have a scrap value at that time of Php500. Repairs will

average Php300 a year. Operating expenses, including the wage of the operator, will be Php400 a month. A second machine will produce twice as many units per year. It costs Php50,000 and must later be replaced at the end of 25 years at a cost of Php45,000. Repairs for this machine will average Php250 per year, and operating expenses will be Php500 per month. If money is worth 5% effective, how much will be saved, if any, each year by purchasing the more economical machine?

333) The owner of a ten-year old plant is considering two alternatives. If interest is 12%, which of these alternatives

would you select? a) To continue with the old equipment possibly for 6 more years at which time there will not be any salvage value.

Its present salvage value is Php4,000. Annual repair cost is Php1,000 and annual output is 10,000 tons. Operating cost is Php2.00 per ton.

Bill
Highlight
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b) To sell the old equipment for salvage value now and purchase new equipment costing Php50,000. It has a capacity of 12,000 tons per year and has an estimated life of 20 years, and will be scrapped at the end of life. Operating cost is Php1.60 per tone and annual repairs cost Php800.

334) A manufacturing firm supplies a certain product which is being made on an engine lathe to a progressive car

manufacturing company. A turret lathe is now available. There are 2,400 working hours each year on the old engine lathe. If money is worth 10% to the company, should replacement be made now? The data for the two lathes are as follows:

Engine Lathe Turret Lathe First cost Php36,000 Php48,000 Installation cost Php500 Php800 Salvage value at the end of life Php4,000 Php5,000 Trade-in value Php12,000 ----------- Production time per piece, minutes 30 20 Labor cost per hour Php2.00 Php2.50 Overhead per hour Php5.00 Php4.50 Estimated life in years 10 8 Present age, years 5 0 Taxes and insurance (%) 4% 4%

335) A machine that cost Php5,000 will last 20 years and have a scrap value at that time of Php500. Repairs will

average Php300 a year. Operating expenses, including the wage of the operator, will be Php400 a month. A second machine will produce twice as many units per year. It costs Php50,000 and must later be replaced at the end of 25 years at a cost of Php45,000. Repairs for this machine will average Php250 per year, and operating expenses will be Php500 per month. If money is worth 9% effective, how much will be saved, if any, each year by purchasing the more economical machine?

336) A manufacturing firm supplies a certain product which is being made on an engine lathe to a progressive car

manufacturing company. A turret lathe is now available. There are 2,400 working hours each year on the old engine lathe. If money is worth 15% to the company, should replacement be made now? The data for the two lathes are as follows:

Engine Lathe Turret Lathe First cost Php36,000 Php48,000 Installation cost Php500 Php800 Salvage value at the end of life Php4,000 Php5,000 Trade-in value Php12,000 ----------- Production time per piece, minutes 30 20 Labor cost per hour Php2.00 Php2.50 Overhead per hour Php5.00 Php4.50 Estimated life in years 10 8 Present age, years 5 0 Taxes and insurance (%) 4% 4%

337) An ash disposal system of a cement factory cost Php60,000 when new. It is now 4 years old. The annual

maintenance cost for the 4 years has been Php4,000, Php4,500, Php5,350, and Php6,000. Interest rate is 12%. A new system is guaranteed to have an estimated annual maintenance and operating cost not exceeding Php3,000 per annum. Its cost is Php94,000 installed. Life of each system is 10 years, salvage value is 5% of first cost. Present sale value of the old system is the same as the salvage value. Would it be profitable to install the new system? Use sinking-fund depreciation.

338) A manufacturing firm supplies a certain product which is being made on an engine lathe to a progressive car

manufacturing company. A turret lathe is now available. There are 2,400 working hours each year on the old engine lathe. If money is worth 15% to the company, should replacement be made now? The data for the two lathes are as follows:

Engine Lathe Turret Lathe First cost Php36,000 Php48,000 Installation cost Php500 Php800 Salvage value at the end of life Php4,000 Php6,000 Trade-in value Php12,000 ----------- Production time per piece, minutes 30 20 Labor cost per hour Php2.00 Php2.50 Overhead per hour Php5.00 Php4.50 Estimated life in years 16 13 Present age, years 5 0 Taxes and insurance (%) 4% 4%

339) A recapping plant is planning to acquire a new Diesel engine to replace its present unit which they run during

brownouts. The new set would cost Php135,000 with a 5-year life and zero salvage value. Variable operating cost would be Php150,000 a year.

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The present generating set has a book value of Php75,000 and a remaining life of 5 years. Its disposal value now is Php7,500 but it would be zero after 5 years. Variable operating cost would be Php187,500 a year. Money is worth 10%. Which is profitable, to buy the new set or retain the present set?

340) A machine that cost Php5,000 will last 20 years and have a scrap value at that time of Php500. Repairs will

average Php300 a year. Operating expenses, including the wage of the operator, will be Php400 a month. A second machine will produce twice as many units per year. It costs Php50,000 and must later be replaced at the end of 25 years at a cost of Php45,000. Repairs for this machine will average Php250 per year, and operating expenses will be Php600 per month. If money is worth 12% effective, how much will be saved, if any, each year by purchasing the more economical machine?

341) A decision by the supervising mechanical engineer must be made whether to replace a certain engine with a new

one or to rebore the cylinders of the old engine and thoroughly recondition it. The original costs of the engine 10 years ago were Php70,000, to rebore and recondition it now will cost Php8,000, but would extend its useful life for 5 years. A new engine will have a first cost of Php62,000 and will have an estimated life of 10 years. It is expected that the annual costs for fuel and lubricants with the reconditioned engine will be about Php20,000 and this cost will be 15% less with the new engine. It is also believed that repairs will be Php2,500 a year less with the new engine than with the reconditioned one. Assume that neither engine has any realizable value when retired. If money is worth 10%, what would you recommend?

342) A recapping plant is planning to acquire a new Diesel engine to replace its present unit which they run during

brownouts. The new set would cost Php135,000 with a 5-year life and zero salvage value. Variable operating cost would be Php150,000 a year.

The present generating set has a book value of Php75,000 and a remaining life of 5 years. Its disposal value now is Php7,500 but it would be zero after 5 years. Variable operating cost would be Php187,500 a year. Money is worth 15%. Which is profitable, to buy the new set or retain the present set?

343) A decision by the supervising mechanical engineer must be made whether to replace a certain engine with a new

one or to rebore the cylinders of the old engine and thoroughly recondition it. The original costs of the engine 10 years ago were Php70,000, to rebore and recondition it now will cost Php8,000, but would extend its useful life for 5 years. A new engine will have a first cost of Php62,000 and will have an estimated life of 10 years. It is expected that the annual costs for fuel and lubricants with the reconditioned engine will be about Php20,000 and this cost will be 15% less with the new engine. It is also believed that repairs will be Php2,500 a year less with the new engine than with the reconditioned one. Assume that neither engine has any realizable value when retired. If money is worth 15%, what would you recommend?

344) A manufacturing firm supplies a certain product which is being made on an engine lathe to a progressive car

manufacturing company. A turret lathe is now available. There are 2,400 working hours each year on the old engine lathe. If money is worth 16% to the company, should replacement be made now? The data for the two lathes are as follows:

Engine Lathe Turret Lathe First cost Php36,000 Php48,000 Installation cost Php500 Php800 Salvage value at the end of life Php4,000 Php6,000 Trade-in value Php12,000 ----------- Production time per piece, minutes 35 20 Labor cost per hour Php2.00 Php2.50 Overhead per hour Php5.00 Php4.50 Estimated life in years 16 13 Present age, years 5 0 Taxes and insurance (%) 5% 5%

345) A decision by the supervising mechanical engineer must be made whether to replace a certain engine with a new

one or to rebore the cylinders of the old engine and thoroughly recondition it. The original costs of the engine 10 years ago were Php70,000, to rebore and recondition it now will cost Php8,000, but would extend its useful life for 5 years. A new engine will have a first cost of Php68,000 and will have an estimated life of 10 years. It is expected that the annual costs for fuel and lubricants with the reconditioned engine will be about Php20,000 and this cost will be 16% less with the new engine. It is also believed that repairs will be Php2,400 a year less with the new engine than with the reconditioned one. Assume that neither engine has any realizable value when retired. If money is worth 15%, what would you recommend?

346) An old machine may be repaired at a cost of Php9,000 or it may be replaced by a modern machine of the same

size at a cost of Php57,000. The present net salvage value of the old machine is Php13,000. It is estimated that the repaired machine will last 5 more years with a net salvage value of Php10,000, and that of the new machine will be Php15,000 after 30 years. The annual cost of maintenance and operation of the repaired machine will be Php1,500 more per year than for the new machine. Assuming a return of 8% and depreciation on a straight-line basis, determine whether it is more economical to repair the machine or replace it.

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347) A recapping plant is planning to acquire a new Diesel engine to replace its present unit which they run during brownouts. The new set would cost Php135,000 with a 10-year life and zero salvage value. Variable operating cost would be Php150,000 a year.

The present generating set has a book value of Php75,000 and a remaining life of 7 years. Its disposal value now is Php7,500 but it would be zero after 5 years. Variable operating cost would be Php187,500 a year. Money is worth 17%. Which is profitable, to buy the new set or retain the present set?

348) A trucking company in Central Luzon has a fleet of 15 units of 10-wheeler trucks which are used to haul sand and

gravel from the provinces to Metro-Manila. Ten of the 15 trucks were purchased 5 years ago, and the other 5 units were purchased recently.

Due to frequent breakdown, the old trucks could make only an average of Php320 per trip. These trucks make an average of 14 trips per month. Average maintenance cost per truck per month is Php1,200. It is estimated that these old trucks can still be sold for Php18,000 per unit, and that they can be operated at least for the next 2 years.

The new trucks could make an average of 22 trips per month. They were purchased at Php120,000 each only 2 month ago. It is estimated that the maintenance cost would average Php320 per month. Fuel consumption was recorded at Php180 per trip. Interest on capital investment is 18%. All other out-of-pocket cost for the old and new trucks is equal. The company has an average income of Php800 per trip.

Because of frequent breakdowns and high fuel consumption of the old units, the owner would like to know if it is time to replace the old units. Will it be profitable to change the old trucks at this time? Consider an economic life of 5 years for the new trucks.

349) An old machine may be repaired at a cost of Php10,000 or it may be replaced by a modern machine of the same

size at a cost of Php57,000. The present net salvage value of the old machine is Php13,000. It is estimated that the repaired machine will last 5 more years with a net salvage value of Php10,000, and that of the new machine will be Php15,000 after 30 years. The annual cost of maintenance and operation of the repaired machine will be Php1,500 more per year than for the new machine. Assuming a return of 10% and depreciation on a straight-line basis, determine whether it is more economical to repair the machine or replace it.

350) A decision by the supervising mechanical engineer must be made whether to replace a certain engine with a new

one or to rebore the cylinders of the old engine and thoroughly recondition it. The original costs of the engine 10 years ago were Php70,000, to rebore and recondition it now will cost Php8,000, but would extend its useful life for 7 years. A new engine will have a first cost of Php68,000 and will have an estimated life of 12 years. It is expected that the annual costs for fuel and lubricants with the reconditioned engine will be about Php20,000 and this cost will be 16% less with the new engine. It is also believed that repairs will be Php2,400 a year less with the new engine than with the reconditioned one. Assume that neither engine has any realizable value when retired. If money is worth 19%, what would you recommend?

351) A trucking company in Central Luzon has a fleet of 15 units of 10-wheeler trucks which are used to haul sand and

gravel from the provinces to Metro-Manila. Ten of the 15 trucks were purchased 5 years ago, and the other 5 units were purchased recently.

Due to frequent breakdown, the old trucks could make only an average of Php320 per trip. These trucks make an average of 14 trips per month. Average maintenance cost per truck per month is Php1,200. It is estimated that these old trucks can still be sold for Php18,000 per unit, and that they can be operated at least for the next 2 years.

The new trucks could make an average of 22 trips per month. They were purchased at Php120,000 each only 2 month ago. It is estimated that the maintenance cost would average Php320 per month. Fuel consumption was recorded at Php180 per trip. Interest on capital investment is 15%. All other out-of-pocket cost for the old and new trucks is equal. The company has an average income of Php800 per trip.

Because of frequent breakdowns and high fuel consumption of the old units, the owner would like to know if it is time to replace the old units. Will it be profitable to change the old trucks at this time? Consider an economic life of 5 years for the new trucks.

352) An old machine may be repaired at a cost of Php10,000 or it may be replaced by a modern machine of the same

size at a cost of Php57,000. The present net salvage value of the old machine is Php13,000. It is estimated that the repaired machine will last 5 more years with a net salvage value of Php10,000, and that of the new machine will be Php15,000 after 30 years. The annual cost of maintenance and operation of the repaired machine will be Php1,500 more per year than for the new machine. Assuming a return of 12% and depreciation on a sinking-fund basis, determine whether it is more economical to repair the machine or replace it.

353) A trucking company in Central Luzon has a fleet of 15 units of 10-wheeler trucks which are used to haul sand and

gravel from the provinces to Metro-Manila. Ten of the 15 trucks were purchased 5 years ago, and the other 5 units were purchased recently.

Due to frequent breakdown, the old trucks could make only an average of Php320 per trip. These trucks make an average of 14 trips per month. Average maintenance cost per truck per month is Php1,200. It is estimated that these old trucks can still be sold for Php18,000 per unit, and that they can be operated at least for the next 3 years.

The new trucks could make an average of 22 trips per month. They were purchased at Php120,000 each only 2 month ago. It is estimated that the maintenance cost would average Php320 per month. Fuel consumption was recorded at Php180 per trip. Interest on capital investment is 21%. All other out-of-pocket cost for the old and new trucks is equal. The company has an average income of Php800 per trip.

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Because of frequent breakdowns and high fuel consumption of the old units, the owner would like to know if it is time to replace the old units. Will it be profitable to change the old trucks at this time? Consider an economic life of 5 years for the new trucks.

****EFFECTS OF FACTORS ON ECONOMY**** 354) The full production capacity of a factory is 120,000 units a year. Its actual production during each of the quarters

of 1993 was 24,000, 27,000, 19,500, and 22,400 units, respectively. Determine the capacity factor for the year. 355) A soft drinks manufacturer produces three kinds of cola drinks: Kino, Ngot, and Sisi. Its facilities can produce

120,000 bottles a day. During a week in December, determine the Capacity Factor. For the particular week under consideration, the number of bottles of soft drinks produced were as follows:

Kino Ngot Sisi Total Monday 40,000 32,000 35,000 107,000 Tuesday 31,500 37,200 42,100 110,800 Wednesday 38,400 41,300 39,700 119,400 Thursday 45,200 38,500 30,900 114,600 Friday 42,800 39,100 35,200 117,100 Saturday 37,900 36,400 42,500 116,800 Sunday 0 0 0 0

Total : 235,800 224,500 225,400 685,700 356) The full production capacity of a factory is 120,000 units a year. Its actual production during each of the quarters

of 1993 was 24,000, 27,000, 19,500, and 22,400 units, respectively. Determine the demand factor for the year. 357) The Allied Battery is capitalized at Php800,000 and it produces an average of 250 batteries a day, 260 days a year.

It sells its batteries at a wholesale price of Php350.00 each. It is now making 180 batteries a day, which is equivalent to a capacity factor of 72%. It is believed that if the wholesale price is reduced to Php320,000 each that it will be able to sell 225 batteries a day, which corresponds to 90% capacity factor. Would it be favorable to the company to increase production and at the same time reduce its wholesale price? The annual operating expenses are as follows:

72% Capacity 90% Capacity Materials Php5,600,000 Php7,000,000 Labor Php1,900,000 Php2,300,000 Maintenance Php480,000 Php600,000 Supervision Php700,000 Php880,000 Management and Sales Php1,400,000 Php1,750,000 Depreciation, Taxes, and Insurance Php950,000 Php1,170,000

Total : Php11,030,000 Php13,700,000 358) A soft drinks manufacturer produces three kinds of cola drinks: Kino, Ngot, and Sisi. Its facilities can produce

120,000 bottles a day. During a week in December, determine the Load Factor. For the particular week under consideration, the number of bottles of soft drinks produced were as follows:

Kino Ngot Sisi Total Monday 40,000 32,000 35,000 107,000 Tuesday 31,500 37,200 42,100 110,800 Wednesday 38,400 41,300 39,700 119,400 Thursday 45,200 38,500 30,900 114,600 Friday 42,800 39,100 35,200 117,100 Saturday 37,900 36,400 42,500 116,800 Sunday 0 0 0 0

Total : 235,800 224,500 225,400 685,700 359) The full production capacity of a factory is 120,000 units a year. Its actual production during each of the quarters

of 1993 was 24,000, 27,000, 19,500, and 22,400 units, respectively. Determine the load factor for the year. 360) The Allied Battery is capitalized at Php1,000,000 and it produces an average of 250 batteries a day, 260 days a

year. It sells its batteries at a wholesale price of Php350.00 each. It is now making 180 batteries a day, which is equivalent to a capacity factor of 72%. It is believed that if the wholesale price is reduced to Php320,000 each that it will be able to sell 225 batteries a day, which corresponds to 90% capacity factor. Would it be favorable to the company to increase production and at the same time reduce its wholesale price? The annual operating expenses are as follows:

72% Capacity 90% Capacity Materials Php5,600,000 Php7,000,000 Labor Php1,900,000 Php2,300,000 Maintenance Php480,000 Php600,000 Supervision Php700,000 Php880,000 Management and Sales Php1,400,000 Php1,750,000 Depreciation, Taxes, and Insurance Php950,000 Php1,170,000

Total : Php11,030,000 Php13,700,000

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361) The King Shirt Company has a full production capacity of 200,000 shirts a month. The annual overhead costs are

Php4,000,000 + Php20,000 times the capacity factor in percent. Presently, it makes only 125,000 shirts a month which are sold wholesale at an average price of Php68.00 each. Materials and labor cost Php25.00 each. If the wholesale price is reduced to Php63.00 each, it is expected that 160,000 shirts could be sold each month. This decrease in selling price with the corresponding increase in production would reduce the materials and labor costs by Php1.20 for each shirt. Assuming all other costs remain constant, should the company reduce the selling price?

362) A soft drinks manufacturer produces three kinds of cola drinks: Kino, Ngot, and Sisi. Its facilities can produce

120,000 bottles a day. During a week in December, determine the Diversity Factor. For the particular week under consideration, the number of bottles of soft drinks produced were as follows:

Kino Ngot Sisi Total Monday 40,000 32,000 35,000 107,000 Tuesday 31,500 37,200 42,100 110,800 Wednesday 38,400 41,300 39,700 119,400 Thursday 45,200 38,500 30,900 114,600 Friday 42,800 39,100 35,200 117,100 Saturday 37,900 36,400 42,500 116,800 Sunday 0 0 0 0

Total : 235,800 224,500 225,400 685,700 363) The King Shirt Company has a full production capacity of 200,000 shirts a month. The annual overhead costs are

Php4,000,000 + Php20,000 times the capacity factor in percent. Presently, it makes only 125,000 shirts a month which are sold wholesale at an average price of Php70.00 each. Materials and labor cost Php25.00 each. If the wholesale price is reduced to Php63.00 each, it is expected that 160,000 shirts could be sold each month. This decrease in selling price with the corresponding increase in production would reduce the materials and labor costs by Php1.20 for each shirt. Assuming all other costs remain constant, should the company reduce the selling price?

364) A small manufacturing company has an annual production capacity of 900,000 units. Annual fixed costs are

Php275,000 and the variable cost per unit is Php0.68. Presently, its annual income is Php675,000 based on a capacity factor of 60%. For this production, determine the firm’s annual profit or loss.

365) The Allied Battery is capitalized at Php1,000,000 and it produces an average of 250 batteries a day, 260 days a

year. It sells its batteries at a wholesale price of Php390.00 each. It is now making 180 batteries a day, which is equivalent to a capacity factor of 72%. It is believed that if the wholesale price is reduced to Php355,000 each that it will be able to sell 225 batteries a day, which corresponds to 90% capacity factor. Would it be favorable to the company to increase production and at the same time reduce its wholesale price? The annual operating expenses are as follows:

72% Capacity 90% Capacity Materials Php5,600,000 Php7,000,000 Labor Php1,900,000 Php2,300,000 Maintenance Php480,000 Php600,000 Supervision Php700,000 Php880,000 Management and Sales Php1,400,000 Php1,750,000 Depreciation, Taxes, and Insurance Php950,000 Php1,170,000

Total : Php11,030,000 Php13,700,000 366) A small manufacturing company has an annual production capacity of 900,000 units. Annual fixed costs are

Php275,000 and the variable cost per unit is Php0.68. Presently, its annual income is Php675,000 based on a capacity factor of 60%. Assume constant income per unit and constant variable cost per unit. Calculate the profit or loss at 70% of capacity.

367) A small manufacturing company has an annual production capacity of 900,000 units. Annual fixed costs are

Php275,000 and the variable cost per unit is Php0.68. Presently, its annual income is Php675,000 based on a capacity factor of 60%. At what capacity factor will the firm break-even?

368) A small manufacturing company has an annual production capacity of 900,000 units. Annual fixed costs are

Php275,000 and the variable cost per unit is Php0.68. Presently, its annual income is Php675,000 based on a capacity factor of 60%. Assume constant income per unit and constant variable cost per unit. Calculate the profit or loss at 80% of capacity.

369) The King Shirt Company has a full production capacity of 200,000 shirts a month. The annual overhead costs are

Php4,000,000 + Php20,000 times the capacity factor in percent. Presently, it makes only 125,000 shirts a month which are sold wholesale at an average price of Php70.00 each. Materials and labor cost Php25.00 each. If the wholesale price is reduced to Php65.00 each, it is expected that 160,000 shirts could be sold each month. This decrease in selling price with the corresponding increase in production would reduce the materials and labor costs by Php1.20 for each shirt. Assuming all other costs remain constant, should the company reduce the selling price?

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370) A small manufacturing company has an annual production capacity of 900,000 units. Annual fixed costs are Php275,000 and the variable cost per unit is Php0.68. Presently, its annual income is Php675,000 based on a capacity factor of 60%. Assume constant income per unit and constant variable cost per unit. Calculate the profit or loss at 90% of capacity.

****BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS**** 371) A plywood manufacturer produces a piece of plywood at a labor cost of Php0.50 and material cost of Php3.00. The

fixed charges of the business are Php50,000 a month and the variable cost is Php0.50 a piece. If one piece of plywood sells for Php6.00, draw the breakeven chart and determine how many pieces must be produced each month for the manufacturer to break-even?

372) The direct labor cost and direct material cost of a certain product are Php300 and Php400 per unit, respectively.

Fixed charges are Php100,000 per month and other variable costs are Php100 per unit. If the product is sold for Php1,200 per unit, draw the breakeven chart and determine how many units must be produced and sold to break even?

373) A plywood manufacturer produces a piece of plywood at a labor cost of Php0.50 and material cost of Php3.00. The

fixed charges of the business are Php45,000 a month and the variable cost is Php0.70 a piece. If one piece of plywood sells for Php7.00, draw the breakeven chart and determine how many pieces must be produced each month for the manufacturer to break-even?

374) The direct labor cost and direct material cost of a certain product are Php300 and Php400 per unit, respectively.

Fixed charges are Php120,000 per month and other variable costs are Php100 per unit. If the product is sold for Php1,250 per unit, draw the breakeven chart and determine how many units must be produced and sold to break even?

375) A certain firm has a capacity to produce 650,000 units of a certain product per year. At present, it is operating at

62% capacity. The firm’s annual income is Php4,160,000. Annual fixed cost is Php1,920,000 and the variable costs are equal to Php3.56 per unit. Draw the breakeven chart and determine the annual profit or loss?

376) A plywood manufacturer produces a piece of plywood at a labor cost of Php0.55 and material cost of Php3.50. The

fixed charges of the business are Php45,000 a month and the variable cost is Php0.70 a piece. If one piece of plywood sells for Php7.00, draw the breakeven chart and determine how many pieces must be produced each month for the manufacturer to break-even?

377) A certain firm has a capacity to produce 650,000 units of a certain product per year. At present, it is operating at

62% capacity. The firm’s annual income is Php4,160,000. Annual fixed cost is Php1,920,000 and the variable costs are equal to Php3.56 per unit. Draw the breakeven chart and determine the volume of sales which the firm will break-even?

378) General Electric Company which manufactures electric motors has a capacity of producing 150 motors a month.

The variable costs are Php4,000 a month. Fixed cost of the company amount to Php78,000 per month, which includes all taxes. The average selling price of each motor is Php750. Draw the breakeven chart and determine the number of motors to be produced and sold per month to break even.

379) The direct labor cost and direct material cost of a certain product are Php300 and Php400 per unit, respectively.

Fixed charges are Php120,000 per month and other variable costs are Php200 per unit. If the product is sold for Php1,300 per unit, draw the breakeven chart and determine how many units must be produced and sold to break even?

380) General Electric Company which manufactures electric motors has a capacity of producing 150 motors a month.

The variable costs are Php4,000 a month. Fixed cost of the company amount to Php78,000 per month, which includes all taxes. The average selling price of each motor is Php750. Draw the breakeven chart and determine the sales volume in pesos to breakeven.

381) A local factory assembling calculators produces 400 units per month and sells them at Php1,800 each. Dividends

are 8% on the 8,000 shares with par value of Php250 each. The fixed operating cost per month is Php25,000. Other costs are Php1,100 per unit. Draw the breakeven chart and determine the break-even point.

382) A certain firm has a capacity to produce 650,000 units of a certain product per year. At present, it is operating at

62% capacity. The firm’s annual income is Php4,160,000. Annual fixed cost is Php1,950,000 and the variable costs are equal to Php3.60 per unit. Draw the breakeven chart and determine the volume of sales which the firm will break-even?

383) A local factory assembling calculators produces 400 units per month and sells them at Php1,800 each. Dividends

are 8% on the 8,000 shares with par value of Php250 each. The fixed operating cost per month is Php25,000. Other costs are Php1,100 per unit. Draw the breakeven chart. If only 250 units are produced each month, determine the profit or loss.

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384) In the manufacture of a certain product two processes are available. One will produce 80 units of the finished product per Php100.00 worth of raw materials, and will cost Php0.42 per unit of the finished product. The other will produce 87 units of the finished product per Php100.00 worth of raw materials and will cost Php0.56 per unit of finished product. Draw the breakeven chart. What is the breakeven point in unit value of finished product below which the low efficiency process should be used and above which the high efficiency process should be used?

385) General Electric Company which manufactures electric motors has a capacity of producing 150 motors a month.

The variable costs are Php4,200 a month. Fixed cost of the company amount to Php78,000 per month, which includes all taxes. The average selling price of each motor is Php770. Draw the breakeven chart and determine the sales volume in pesos to breakeven.

386) In the manufacture of a certain product two processes are available. One will produce 80 units of the finished

product per Php100.00 worth of raw materials, and will cost Php0.42 per unit of the finished product. The other will produce 90 units of the finished product per Php100.00 worth of raw materials and will cost Php0.60 per unit of finished product. Draw the breakeven chart. What is the breakeven point in unit value of finished product below which the low efficiency process should be used and above which the high efficiency process should be used?

387) A small shop in Bulacan fabricates threshers for palay producers in the locality. The shop can produce each

thresher at a labor cost of Php1,800. The material cost for each unit is Php2,500. The variable costs amount to Php650 per unit, while fixed charges incurred per year total Php69,000. Draw the breakeven chart. If the portable threshers are sold for Php7,800 per unit, how many units must be produced and sold per annum to breakeven?

388) A local factory assembling calculators produces 400 units per month and sells them at Php1,900 each. Dividends

are 10% on the 8,000 shares with par value of Php240 each. The fixed operating cost per month is Php25,000. Other costs are Php1,100 per unit. Draw the breakeven chart. If only 200 units are produced each month, determine the profit or loss.

389) A small shop in Bulacan fabricates threshers for palay producers in the locality. The shop can produce each

thresher at a labor cost of Php1,800. The material cost for each unit is Php2,500. The variable costs amount to Php650 per unit, while fixed charges incurred per year total Php69,000. Draw the breakeven chart. If the portable threshers are sold for Php8,000 per unit, how many units must be produced and sold per annum to breakeven?

390) Canlubang Automotive Company manufactures and sells a single automotive product line. From the following data

available, what is the break-even point in units for the current year? Prepare a break-even chart for the 1981 operation at intervals of 5,000 units up to 30,000 units.

Unit selling price Php40.00 Unit variable cost Php20.00 Total fixed costs Php200,000

391) In the manufacture of a certain product two processes are available. One will produce 82 units of the finished

product per Php100.00 worth of raw materials, and will cost Php0.40 per unit of the finished product. The other will produce 90 units of the finished product per Php100.00 worth of raw materials and will cost Php0.60 per unit of finished product. Draw the breakeven chart. What is the breakeven point in unit value of finished product below which the low efficiency process should be used and above which the high efficiency process should be used?

392) Canlubang Automotive Company manufactures and sells a single automotive product line. From the following data

available, what is the break-even point in units for the current year? Prepare a break-even chart for the 1981 operation at intervals of 5,000 units up to 30,000 units.

Unit selling price Php50.00 Unit variable cost Php20.00 Total fixed costs Php220,000

393) The Asian Transmission Company makes and sells automotive parts. Present sales volume is 500,000 units a year

at a selling price of Php0.50 per unit. Fixed expenses total Php80,000 per year. Draw the Breakeven chart. What is the total profit or loss for a year?

394) A small shop in Bulacan fabricates threshers for palay producers in the locality. The shop can produce each

thresher at a labor cost of Php1,800. The material cost for each unit is Php2,500. The variable costs amount to Php650 per unit, while fixed charges incurred per year total Php70,000. Draw the breakeven chart. If the portable threshers are sold for Php7,900 per unit, how many units must be produced and sold per annum to breakeven?

395) The Asian Transmission Company makes and sells automotive parts. Present sales volume is 500,000 units a year

at a selling price of Php0.50 per unit. Fixed expenses total Php80,000 per year. Draw the Breakeven chart. What is the break-even point in pesos?

396) A shoe manufacturer produces a pair of shoes at a labor cost of Php9.00 a pair and material cost of Php8.00 a pair.

The fixed charges of the business are Php90,000 a month and the variable cost is Php4.00 a pair. If the shoes sell for Php30.00 a pair, how many pairs must be produced each month for the manufacturer to breakeven? Draw the breakeven chart.

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397) Canlubang Automotive Company manufactures and sells a single automotive product line. From the following data

available, what is the break-even point in units for the current year? Prepare a break-even chart for the 1981 operation at intervals of 5,000 units up to 30,000 units.

Unit selling price Php50.00 Unit variable cost Php25.00 Total fixed costs Php225,000

398) The company policy is to earn a return of 18% on invested capital. For manufacturing a new product, a company

intends to purchase one of two available machines. From the following data, how many units must be produced for equal costs? Draw the breakeven chart.

Machine A Machine B First Cost Php36,000 Php21,000 Salvage Value Php6,000 Php3,500 Life (years) 10 6 Annual Maintenance and operation cost Php4,200 Php2,800 Number of operators 1 3 Wage of one operator/hour Php15.00 Php9.00 Output (units/hour) 25 15

399) A shoe manufacturer produces a pair of shoes at a labor cost of Php9.00 a pair and material cost of Php8.00 a pair.

The fixed charges of the business are Php90,000 a month and the variable cost is Php4.00 a pair. The manufacturer decided to retrench two clerical personnel which will save the company 10% of the fixed cost. If the shoes sell for Php30.00 a pair, how many pairs must be produced each month for the manufacturer to breakeven? Draw the breakeven chart.

400) The company policy is to earn a return of 22% on invested capital. For manufacturing a new product, a company

intends to purchase one of two available machines. From the following data, how many units must be produced for equal costs? If the expected annual demand for the new product is 6,000 units annually, which machine should be purchased? Draw the breakeven chart.

Machine A Machine B First Cost Php36,000 Php21,000 Salvage Value Php6,000 Php3,500 Life (years) 10 6 Annual Maintenance and operation cost Php4,200 Php2,800 Number of operators 1 3 Wage of one operator/hour Php15.00 Php9.00 Output (units/hour) 25 15

401) The Asian Transmission Company makes and sells automotive parts. Present sales volume is 500,000 units a year

at a selling price of Php0.50 per unit. Fixed expenses total Php80,000 per year. Draw the breakeven chart. What is the total profit or loss for a year? What is the break-even point in units?

402) A company has annual fixed cost of Php600,000 and a break-even point at 45% of capacity. The ratio of direct

labor costs to direct materials cost is 4:1. At 100% capacity, the labor cost is Php960,000 which is 80% of all variable costs. Draw the breakeven chart. If labor costs are decreased 15% with materials costs remaining the same, determine the new break-even point.

403) A shoe manufacturer produces a pair of shoes at a labor cost of Php9.00 a pair and material cost of Php8.00 a pair.

The fixed charges of the business are Php90,000 a month and the variable cost is Php4.00 a pair. If the shoes sell for Php25.00 a pair, how many pairs must be produced each month for the manufacturer to breakeven? Draw the breakeven chart.

404) A company has annual fixed cost of Php600,000 and a break-even point at 45% of capacity. The ratio of direct

labor costs to direct materials cost is 4:1. At 100% capacity, the labor cost is Php960,000 which is 80% of all variable costs. Draw the breakeven chart. If labor costs are decreased 15% with materials costs remaining the same, what is the ratio of direct labor to direct materials at full capacity?

405) To produce a certain product, three manufacturing methods are available, costs for which are indicated below. For

what range of annual production volume is each method preferred? Draw and indicate in the breakeven chart. Method A Method B Method C Annual fixed cost Php20,000 Php25,000 Php30,000 Variable cost per unit Php4.20 Php3.50 Php3.00

406) The company policy is to earn a return of 19% on invested capital. For manufacturing a new product, a company

intends to purchase one of two available machines. From the following data, how many units must be produced for equal costs? If the expected annual demand for the new product is 8,000 units annually, which machine should be purchased? Draw the breakeven chart.

Machine A Machine B

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First Cost Php36,000 Php21,000 Salvage Value Php6,000 Php3,500 Life (years) 10 6 Annual Maintenance and operation cost Php4,200 Php2,800 Number of operators 1 3 Wage of one operator/hour Php15.00 Php9.00 Output (units/hour) 32 20

407) To produce a certain product, three manufacturing methods are available, costs for which are indicated below. For

what range of annual production volume is each method preferred? Draw and indicate in the breakeven chart. Method A Method B Method C Annual fixed cost Php20,000 Php25,000 Php30,000 Variable cost per unit Php4.00 Php3.50 Php2.50

408) A plant has a capacity of producing 800,000 units per year of a product which it sells for Php1.50 per unit

regardless of output. The annual fixed costs are Php280,000 and a variable cost of Php480,000 at 75% capacity. Draw the breakeven chart. What is the fixed cost per unit at the break-even point?

409) A company has annual fixed cost of Php600,000 and a break-even point at 45% of capacity. The ratio of direct

labor costs to direct materials cost is 4:1. At 100% capacity, the labor cost is Php960,000 which is 80% of all variable costs. Draw the breakeven chart. If labor costs are decreased 15% with materials costs remaining the same, what is the ratio of direct labor to direct materials at the new break-even point?

410) A plant has a capacity of producing 800,000 units per year of a product which it sells for Php1.50 per unit

regardless of output. The annual fixed costs are Php280,000 and a variable cost of Php480,000 at 75% capacity. Draw the breakeven chart. What is the net profit at 100% capacity if the company is in the 40% tax bracket?

411) An asphalt batching plant to produce hot-mix asphaltic concrete may be purchased for Php920,000. Delivery

equipment and other accessories will cost Php450,000. Materials cost for asphalt and aggregates, including operation and maintenance, are calculated to be Php18.75 per ton of asphaltic concrete. If the selling price of the product to contractors is Php42.50 per ton, how many tons must the plant produce and sell to breakeven if the before-tax minimum attractive rate of return is 25%? Draw the breakeven chart. Assume a ten-year life for the batching plant and the delivery equipment with 10% of first cost as salvage value.

412) To produce a certain product, three manufacturing methods are available, costs for which are indicated below. For

what range of annual production volume is each method preferred? Draw and indicate in the breakeven chart. Method A Method B Method C Annual fixed cost Php17,000 Php26,000 Php40,000 Variable cost per unit Php4.00 Php3.50 Php2.50

413) A plant has a capacity of producing 800,000 units per year of a product which it sells for Php1.50 per unit

regardless of output. The annual fixed costs are Php250,000 and a variable cost of Php480,000 at 75% capacity. Draw the breakeven chart. What is the net profit at 100% capacity if the company is in the 40% tax bracket?

414) An asphalt batching plant to produce hot-mix asphaltic concrete may be purchased for Php920,000. Delivery

equipment and other accessories will cost Php450,000. Materials cost for asphalt and aggregates, including operation and maintenance, are calculated to be Php18.75 per ton of asphaltic concrete. If the selling price of the product to contractors is Php42.50 per ton, how many tons must the plant produce and sell to breakeven if the before-tax minimum attractive rate of return is 21%? Draw the breakeven chart. Assume a fifteen-year life for the batching plant and the delivery equipment with 5% of first cost as salvage value.

****MINIMUM COST ANALYSIS**** 415) A manufacturer of television sets determines that the total cost C (in pesos) of manufacturing N units per month is

C=0.2N2 + 100N + 50,000. The relation between unit price p (in pesos) and the number of units N is p = 2,600 – 0.05N. Determine the number N to be produced per month to maximize profit, and the amount of this profit.

416) For packaging its product, a company uses yearly 60,000 carton containers which cost Php12.00 each. The cost

for placing and receiving an order for these containers is Php150.00 and the carrying costs for storage, taxes, insurance, and handling is 20% of the purchase price. Assuming that there is no minimum reserve stock, determine the most economical purchase quantity.

417) A manufacturer of television sets determines that the total cost C (in pesos) of manufacturing N units per month is

C=0.2N2 + 150N + 50,000. The relation between unit price p (in pesos) and the number of units N is p = 2,600 – 0.045N. Determine the number N to be produced per month to maximize profit, and the amount of this profit.

418) For packaging its product, a company uses yearly 60,200 carton containers which cost Php13.00 each. The cost

for placing and receiving an order for these containers is Php150.00 and the carrying costs for storage, taxes, insurance, and handling is 20% of the purchase price. Assuming that there is no minimum reserve stock, determine the most economical purchase quantity.

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419) A manufacturing company needs 200,000 units of a certain component which is used at a uniform rate throughout the year. The factory operating 2,000 hours each year can produce this component at the rate of 150 units per hour. The manufacturing cost is Php25.00 per unit. The holding cost, which includes storage, taxes, insurance and handling is estimated at 12% of the production cost. The set-up cost per lot is Php540.00. Determine the most economical production quantity and the total manufacturing cost each year.

420) A manufacturer of television sets determines that the total cost C (in pesos) of manufacturing N units per month is

C=0.2N2 + 200N + 50,000. The relation between unit price p (in pesos) and the number of units N is p = 2,600 – 0.04N. Determine the number N to be produced per month to maximize profit, and the amount of this profit.

421) A manufacturing company needs 200,000 units of a certain component which is used at a uniform rate throughout

the year. The factory operating 2,000 hours each year can produce this component at the rate of 150 units per hour. The manufacturing cost is Php24.00 per unit. The holding cost, which includes storage, taxes, insurance and handling, is estimated at 13% of the production cost. The set-up cost per lot is Php550.00. Determine the most economical production quantity and the total manufacturing cost each year.

422) A company is now using 24,000 units of an item it purchases from a supplier. The management believes that it

can economize if they manufacture the item. Data for the purchase or manufacture of the item are as follows: Purchase Manufacture

Cost of item Php10.20 Php9.50 Cost of placing an order Php85.00 ===== Cost of each manufacturing set-up ===== Php1,250 Holding cost per unit per year Php 5.80 Php 5.80 Annual rate of production ===== 60,000

Determine the total cost of each alternative. 423) For packaging its product, a company uses yearly 60,200 carton containers which cost Php13.50 each. The cost

for placing and receiving an order for these containers is Php160.00 and the carrying costs for storage, taxes, insurance, and handling is 20% of the purchase price. Assuming that there is no minimum reserve stock, determine the most economical purchase quantity.

424) A company is now using 25,000 units of an item it purchases from a supplier. The management believes that it

can economize if they manufacture the item. Data for the purchase or manufacture of the item are as follows: Purchase Manufacture

Cost of item Php10.50 Php9.50 Cost of placing an order Php89.00 ===== Cost of each manufacturing set-up ===== Php1,250 Holding cost per unit per year Php 5.80 Php 5.80 Annual rate of production ===== 60,000

Determine the total cost of each alternative. 425) A company uses 12,000 pieces annually of a product used for a manufacturing process. The price schedule quoted

by a supplier of this product is as follows: 1 – 499 pieces --- Php12.50 per piece

500 – 999 pieces --- Php12.30 per piece 1,000 – 1,499 pieces --- Php12.00 per piece

Over 1,500 pieces --- Php11.50 per piece The cost of placing and receiving an order is estimated to be Php120.00. The holding cost for interest, taxes,

and insurance is 15% of the purchase price. Storage is estimated to be Php12.00 per unit. Determine the most economical number of lots and the corresponding total cost.

426) A manufacturing company needs 200,000 units of a certain component which is used at a uniform rate throughout

the year. The factory operating 2,000 hours each year can produce this component at the rate of 160 units per hour. The manufacturing cost is Php24.00 per unit. The holding cost, which includes storage, taxes, insurance and handling, is estimated at 13% of the production cost. The set-up cost per lot is Php550.00. Determine the most economical production quantity and the total manufacturing cost each year.

427) A company uses 12,000 pieces annually of a product used for a manufacturing process. The price schedule quoted

by a supplier of this product is as follows: 1 – 499 pieces --- Php12.50 per piece

500 – 999 pieces --- Php12.30 per piece 1,000 – 1,499 pieces --- Php12.00 per piece

Over 1,500 pieces --- Php11.70 per piece The cost of placing and receiving an order is estimated to be Php125.00. The holding cost for interest, taxes,

and insurance is 15% of the purchase price. Storage is estimated to be Php12.50 per unit. Determine the most economical number of lots and the corresponding total cost.

428) Each year a company uses 5,000 kilograms of a chemical component in manufacturing a plastic product. It c an

purchase the component according to the following price schedule:

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1 – 200 kg --- Php25.00 per kg 201 – 350 kg --- Php24.50 per kg 351 – 500 kg --- Php23.90 per kg Over 500 kg --- Php23.20 per kg

The cost of placing and receiving an order is Php90.00. Interests, taxes, and the insurance are estimated to be 24% of the purchase price. The storage cost is calculated to be Php1.20 per kg. Determine the most economical number of lots and the number of kg to be ordered per lot.

429) A company is now using 25,000 units of an item it purchases from a supplier. The management believes that it

can economize if they manufacture the item. Data for the purchase or manufacture of the item are as follows: Purchase Manufacture

Cost of item Php10.50 Php9.20 Cost of placing an order Php89.00 ===== Cost of each manufacturing set-up ===== Php1,250 Holding cost per unit per year Php 5.80 Php 5.80 Annual rate of production ===== 65,000

Determine the total cost of each alternative. 430) Each year a company uses 5,000 kilograms of a chemical component in manufacturing a plastic product. It c an

purchase the component according to the following price schedule: 1 – 200 kg --- Php25.50 per kg

201 – 350 kg --- Php24.50 per kg 351 – 500 kg --- Php23.90 per kg Over 500 kg --- Php23.20 per kg

The cost of placing and receiving an order is Php93.00. Interests, taxes, and the insurance are estimated to be 24% of the purchase price. The storage cost is calculated to be Php1.25 per kg. Determine the most economical number of lots and the number of kg to be ordered per lot.

431) A company uses 13,000 pieces annually of a product used for a manufacturing process. The price schedule quoted

by a supplier of this product is as follows: 1 – 499 pieces --- Php12.80 per piece

500 – 999 pieces --- Php12.30 per piece 1,000 – 1,499 pieces --- Php12.00 per piece

Over 1,500 pieces --- Php11.70 per piece The cost of placing and receiving an order is estimated to be Php125.00. The holding cost for interest, taxes,

and insurance is 15% of the purchase price. Storage is estimated to be Php12.70 per unit. Determine the most economical number of lots and the corresponding total cost.

432) Each year a company uses 6,000 kilograms of a chemical component in manufacturing a plastic product. It c an

purchase the component according to the following price schedule: 1 – 200 kg --- Php25.50 per kg

201 – 350 kg --- Php24.50 per kg 351 – 500 kg --- Php23.90 per kg Over 500 kg --- Php23.00 per kg

The cost of placing and receiving an order is Php93.00. Interests, taxes, and the insurance are estimated to be 25% of the purchase price. The storage cost is calculated to be Php1.25 per kg. Determine the most economical number of lots and the number of kg to be ordered per lot.

****PUBLIC ECONOMY/COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS**** 433) Data for two alternatives are given in the table below. Determine the cost X of alternative B so that the two

alternatives will be equally desirable. Assume an interest rate of 11%. Use benefit-cost analysis. Alternatives A B

Cost Php9,500 Php X Salvage value Php1,000 Php1,600 Annual benefit Php2,800 Php3,700 Life (years) 6 12

434) Data for two alternatives are given below. If interest rate is 10%, determine the cost X of alternative M so that the

two alternatives will be equally desirable. Alternatives M N

Cost Php X Php3,200 Salvage value Php900 Php600 Annual benefit Php1,150 Php720 Life (years) 8 8

435) Data for two alternatives are given in the table below. Assume an interest rate of 11%. Use benefit-cost analysis.

Determine the value of X so that the two alternatives will have the same B/C ratio. Alternatives A B

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Cost Php9,500 Php X Salvage value Php1,000 Php1,600 Annual benefit Php2,800 Php3,700 Life (years) 6 12

436) Data for two alternatives are given below. A) If interest rate is 10%, determine the value of X so that the two

alternatives will have the same B/C ratio. Alternatives M N

Cost Php X Php3,200 Salvage value Php900 Php600 Annual benefit Php1,150 Php720 Life (years) 8 8

437) Data for two alternatives are given in the table below. Determine the cost X of alternative B so that the two

alternatives will be equally desirable. Assume an interest rate of 14%. Use benefit-cost analysis. Alternatives A B

Cost Php9,500 Php X Salvage value Php1,000 Php1,600 Annual benefit Php2,800 Php3,700 Life (years) 7 12

438) Data for two alternatives are given below. If interest rate is 15%, determine the cost X of alternative M so that the

two alternatives will be equally desirable. Alternatives M N

Cost Php X Php3,200 Salvage value Php900 Php600 Annual benefit Php1,150 Php720 Life (years) 9 8

439) Determine the life Y of alternative C so that the two alternative will be equally desirable, assuming an interest rate

of 9%, and no salvage value for either alternative. Alternatives C D

Cost Php8,400 Php12,500 Annual benefit Php1,600 Php3,000 Life (years) Y 7

440) Data for two alternatives are given in the table below. Assume an interest rate of 14%. Use benefit-cost analysis.

Determine the value of X so that the two alternatives will have the same B/C ratio. Alternatives A B

Cost Php9,500 Php X Salvage value Php1,000 Php1,600 Annual benefit Php2,800 Php3,700 Life (years) 7 12

441) Determine the life Y of alternative C so that the two alternative will be equally desirable, assuming an interest rate

of 11%, and no salvage value for either alternative. Alternatives C D

Cost Php8,400 Php12,500 Annual benefit Php1,600 Php3,000 Life (years) Y 7

442) Irrigation canals are proposed to be built in an arid region. The initial cost is estimated to be Php2,500,000 with

annual maintenance and operation cost of Php48,000. For maximum efficiency, the canal will be dredge every 5 years at a cost of Php50,000. Annual income from farmers and cooperatives that benefit from the project is expected to be Php320,000. Assuming an annual interest rate of 9% and a 30-year planning horizon, determine whether the project should be undertaken.

443) Data for two alternatives are given below. If interest rate is 15%, determine the value of X so that the two

alternatives will have the same B/C ratio. Alternatives M N

Cost Php X Php3,200 Salvage value Php900 Php600 Annual benefit Php1,150 Php720 Life (years) 9 8

444) Irrigation canals are proposed to be built in an arid region. The initial cost is estimated to be Php3,500,000 with

annual maintenance and operation cost of Php48,000. For maximum efficiency, the canal will be dredge every 5 years at a cost of Php50,000. Annual income from farmers and cooperatives that benefit from the project is

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expected to be Php320,000. Assuming an annual interest rate of 12% and a 30-year planning horizon, determine whether the project should be undertaken.

445) To reduce flood damage in a river valley in Southern Luzon, a flood control dam is being proposed for construction.

The initial cost is estimated to be Php4,600,000, with annual maintenance and inspection costs of Php24,000. Every 5 years, minor reconstruction work will be undertaken on the dam at a cost of Php150,000. If the dam is built, flood damage is expected to be reduced from Php400,000 to Php800,000 annually. Assuming the dam to be permanent and the interest rate is 8%, should the dam be built?

446) Determine the life Y of alternative C so that the two alternative will be equally desirable, assuming an interest rate

of 11%, and no salvage value for either alternative. Alternatives C D

Cost Php8,400 Php10,500 Annual benefit Php1,600 Php3,000 Life (years) Y 7

447) To reduce flood damage in a river valley in Southern Luzon, a flood control dam is being proposed for construction.

The initial cost is estimated to be Php5,000,000, with annual maintenance and inspection costs of Php24,000. Every 5 years, minor reconstruction work will be undertaken on the dam at a cost of Php150,000. If the dam is built, flood damage is expected to be reduced from Php800,000 to Php1,000,000 annually. Assuming the dam to be permanent and the interest rate is 10%, should the dam be built?

448) Two locations are being considered for a regional park. Improvements planned for either location will include

roads, a swimming pool, picnic areas, tennis and racquetball courts, a ball field, basketball courts, and pavilions. Disbenefits due to the loss to the province of real estate taxes and the withdrawal of land from agriculture are provided for in the estimated. Using an interest rate of 12% and a planning horizon of 30 years, determine which site should be selected using A) the B/C Method; and B) the B – C criterion. Estimates for both locations are tabulated below:

Location A B Cost of land Php1,600,000 Php2,200,000 Cost of improvements Php1,200,000 Php1,500,000 Annual operation and maintenance Php96,000 Php120,000 Annual revenue from concessionaires Php600,000 Php810,000 Annual disbenefits Php120,000 Php150,000

449) Irrigation canals are proposed to be built in an arid region. The initial cost is estimated to be Php3,500,000 with

annual maintenance and operation cost of Php50,000. For maximum efficiency, the canal will be dredge every 5 years at a cost of Php52,000. Annual income from farmers and cooperatives that benefit from the project is expected to be Php350,000. Assuming an annual interest rate of 12% and a 30-year planning horizon, determine whether the project should be undertaken.

450) Two locations are being considered for a regional park. Improvements planned for either location will include

roads, a swimming pool, picnic areas, tennis and racquetball courts, a ball field, basketball courts, and pavilions. Disbenefits due to the loss to the province of real estate taxes and the withdrawal of land from agriculture are provided for in the estimated. Using an interest rate of 12% and a planning horizon of 30 years, determine which site should be selected using A) the B/C Method; and B) the B – C criterion. Estimates for both locations are tabulated below:

Location A B Cost of land Php2,000,000 Php2,200,000 Cost of improvements Php1,200,000 Php1,500,000 Annual operation and maintenance Php96,000 Php120,000 Annual revenue from concessionaires Php600,000 Php810,000 Annual disbenefits Php120,000 Php150,000

451) There are three mutually exclusive alternatives for a government project. Determine the best alternative from the

following data: Projects A B C

Annual benefit Php250,000 Php320,000 Php350,000 Annual Cost Php100,000 Php135,000 Php180,000 B/C ratio 2.50 2.37 1.94

452) To reduce flood damage in a river valley in Southern Luzon, a flood control dam is being proposed for construction.

The initial cost is estimated to be Php5,600,000, with annual maintenance and inspection costs of Php24,000. Every 6 years, minor reconstruction work will be undertaken on the dam at a cost of Php150,000. If the dam is built, flood damage is expected to be reduced from Php800,000 to Php1,000,000 annually. Assuming the dam to be permanent and the interest rate is 12%, should the dam be built?

453) There are three mutually exclusive alternatives for a government project. Determine the best alternative from the

following data:

Bill
Highlight
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Projects A B C Annual benefit Php220,000 Php320,000 Php350,000 Annual Cost Php100,000 Php135,000 Php180,000 B/C ratio 2.20 2.37 1.94

454) The government plans to build a system of retention dams in Northern Luzon to reduce the annual damage from

floods. Each dam would be located on one of the contributory streams to the flood basin. In case of heavy flood, the gates in a dam are closed and the reservoir behind the dam, normally empty, would begin to fill. Each dam is estimated to last 50 years with no salvage value. All, or any, of the dams can be constructed.

Dam Construction Cost Annual Maintenance Cost Annual Cost of Damage None Php 0 Php 0 Php5,200,000

A Php21,900,000 Php120,000 Php2,900,000 B Php15,400,000 Php105,000 Php3,200,000 C Php14,500,000 Php90,000 Php4,000,000

The damages listed in the last column are those that would occur if only the corresponding dam is built. If more than one dam is built, the total savings are assumed to be the sum of the saving that each would achieve by itself. If the cost of capital is 8%, which dam, if any, should be built? Use B/C analysis.

455) Two locations are being considered for a regional park. Improvements planned for either location will include

roads, a swimming pool, picnic areas, tennis and racquetball courts, a ball field, basketball courts, and pavilions. Disbenefits due to the loss to the province of real estate taxes and the withdrawal of land from agriculture are provided for in the estimated. Using an interest rate of 12% and a planning horizon of 30 years, determine which site should be selected using A) the B/C Method; and B) the B – C criterion. Estimates for both locations are tabulated below:

Location A B Cost of land Php2,000,000 Php2,200,000 Cost of improvements Php1,200,000 Php1,500,000 Annual operation and maintenance Php100,000 Php120,000 Annual revenue from concessionaires Php700,000 Php810,000 Annual disbenefits Php140,000 Php150,000

456) The government plans to build a system of retention dams in Northern Luzon to reduce the annual damage from

floods. Each dam would be located on one of the contributory streams to the flood basin. In case of heavy flood, the gates in a dam are closed and the reservoir behind the dam, normally empty, would begin to fill. Each dam is estimated to last 50 years with no salvage value. All, or any, of the dams can be constructed.

Dam Construction Cost Annual Maintenance Cost Annual Cost of Damage None Php 0 Php 0 Php5,200,000

A Php21,900,000 Php120,000 Php2,900,000 B Php15,400,000 Php105,000 Php3,200,000 C Php14,500,000 Php90,000 Php4,000,000

The damages listed in the last column are those that would occur if only the corresponding dam is built. If more than one dam is built, the total savings are assumed to be the sum of the saving that each would achieve by itself. If the cost of capital is 10%, which dam, if any, should be built? Use B/C analysis.

457) The Sunshine Realty Company purchased a commercial lot for Php250,000 on which they will construct an office

building. They have under consideration three different building plans with the estimates tabulated below. If their minimum attractive rate of return is 10%, A) Calculate the B/C ratio and the (B – C) for each alternative.

Building Height 4 stories 6 stories 12 stories Cost of building Php650,000 Php1,500,000 Php2,400,000

Resale value of property at the end of 30 years Php350,000 Php720,000 Php1,000,000 Net annual income Php120,000 Php250,000 Php340,000

458) There are three mutually exclusive alternatives for a government project. Determine the best alternative from the

following data: Projects A B C

Annual benefit Php230,000 Php320,000 Php350,000 Annual Cost Php100,000 Php135,000 Php180,000 B/C ratio 2.30 2.37 1.94

459) The Sunshine Realty Company purchased a commercial lot for Php250,000 on which they will construct an office

building. They have under consideration three different building plans with the estimates tabulated below. If their minimum attractive rate of return is 10%, using incremental B/C ratio, determine which alternatives should be selected.

Building Height 4 stories 6 stories 12 stories Cost of building Php650,000 Php1,500,000 Php2,400,000

Resale value of property at the end of 30 years Php350,000 Php720,000 Php1,000,000 Net annual income Php120,000 Php250,000 Php340,000

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460) An investor has three investment alternatives under consideration. Determine which alternative she should select if i = 15% and n = 10 years for all alternatives.

Alternative P Q R Initial investment Php40,000 Php52,000 Php60,000 Annual net income Php7,800 Php10,200 Php11,500 Salvage value Php8,000 Php10,000 Php12,000

461) The government plans to build a system of retention dams in Northern Luzon to reduce the annual damage from

floods. Each dam would be located on one of the contributory streams to the flood basin. In case of heavy flood, the gates in a dam are closed and the reservoir behind the dam, normally empty, would begin to fill. Each dam is estimated to last 50 years with no salvage value. All, or any, of the dams can be constructed.

Dam Construction Cost Annual Maintenance Cost Annual Cost of Damage None Php 0 Php 0 Php5,200,000

A Php21,900,000 Php120,000 Php2,900,000 B Php15,400,000 Php105,000 Php3,200,000 C Php14,500,000 Php90,000 Php4,000,000

The damages listed in the last column are those that would occur if only the corresponding dam is built. If more than one dam is built, the total savings are assumed to be the sum of the saving that each would achieve by itself. If the cost of capital is 12%, which dam, if any, should be built? Use B/C analysis.

462) An investor has three investment alternatives under consideration. Determine which alternative she should select if

i = 16% and n = 12 years for all alternatives. Alternative P Q R

Initial investment Php40,000 Php52,000 Php60,000 Annual net income Php7,800 Php10,200 Php11,500 Salvage value Php8,000 Php10,000 Php12,000

463) Consider four alternatives A, B, C, and D with their respective annual benefits, disbenefits, costs, and savings.

Calculate the B/C ration and (B – C) for each alternative. Alternatives A B C D

Benefits Php180,000 Php250,000 Php300,000 Php400,000 Disbenefits Php42,000 Php68,000 Php92,000 Php118,000 Cost Php128,000 Php184,000 Php265,000 Php288,000 Savings Php16,000 Php27,000 Php38,000 Php54,000

464) The Sunshine Realty Company purchased a commercial lot for Php250,000 on which they will construct an office

building. They have under consideration three different building plans with the estimates tabulated below. If their minimum attractive rate of return is 14%, calculate the incremental B/C ratio and the (B – C) for each alternative and determine which alternatives should be selected.

Building Height 4 stories 6 stories 12 stories Cost of building Php650,000 Php1,500,000 Php2,400,000

Resale value of property at the end of 30 years Php350,000 Php720,000 Php1,000,000 Net annual income Php120,000 Php250,000 Php340,000

465) Consider four alternatives A, B, C, and D with their respective annual benefits, disbenefits, costs, and savings.

Calculate the B/C ration and incremental B/C ratio, then determine which alternative should be selected. Alternatives A B C D

Benefits Php180,000 Php250,000 Php300,000 Php400,000 Disbenefits Php42,000 Php68,000 Php92,000 Php118,000 Cost Php128,000 Php184,000 Php265,000 Php288,000 Savings Php16,000 Php27,000 Php38,000 Php54,000

466) Analyses of five mutually exclusive projects indicate the estimates tabulated below. The projects have a useful life

of 10 years and the minimum attractive rate of return in 12% annually. Only the cost of the land will be recovered at the end of the useful life of the project. Using the B/C method, select the best alternative treating operation and maintenance cost A) as disbenefits, and B) as part of the total cost.

Project A B C D E Cost of Land Php100,000 Php85,000 Php90,000 Php110,000 Php120,000 Construction Cost Php400,000 Php450,000 Php510,000 Php480,000 Php390,000 Annual O & M Php48,000 Php54,000 Php40,000 Php50,000 Php60,000 Annual income Php135,000 Php148,000 Php130,000 Php165,000 Php149,000

467) An investor has three investment alternatives under consideration. Determine which alternative she should select if

i = 20% and n = 12 years for all alternatives. Alternative P Q R

Initial investment Php40,000 Php52,000 Php60,000 Annual net income Php7,800 Php10,200 Php11,500 Salvage value Php8,000 Php10,000 Php12,000

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468) Analyses of five mutually exclusive projects indicate the estimates tabulated below. The projects have a useful life of 10 years and the minimum attractive rate of return in 15% annually. Only the cost of the land will be recovered at the end of the useful life of the project. Using the B/C method, select the best alternative treating operation and maintenance cost A) as disbenefits, and B) as part of the total cost.

Project A B C D E Cost of Land Php100,000 Php85,000 Php90,000 Php110,000 Php120,000 Construction Cost Php400,000 Php450,000 Php510,000 Php480,000 Php390,000 Annual O & M Php48,000 Php54,000 Php40,000 Php50,000 Php60,000 Annual income Php135,000 Php148,000 Php130,000 Php165,000 Php149,000

469) The national government has under consideration the following mutually exclusive alternatives for implementing a

certain project. Annual benefits and costs are tabulated below. Determine the alternative which should be selected based on a B/C analysis.

Alternatives Annual Benefits Annual Costs A Php4,200,000 Php3,900,000 B Php3,800,000 Php4,000,000 C Php6,400,000 Php7,000,000 D Php5,700,000 Php4,900,000 E Php3,200,000 Php2,700,000 F Php7,500,000 Php6,900,000

470) Consider four alternatives A, B, C, and D with their respective annual benefits, disbenefits, costs, and savings. A)

Calculate the (B – C) for each alternative and incremental B/C ratio, then determine which alternative should be selected.

Alternatives A B C D Benefits Php180,000 Php250,000 Php300,000 Php400,000 Disbenefits Php42,000 Php68,000 Php92,000 Php118,000 Cost Php128,000 Php184,000 Php265,000 Php288,000 Savings Php16,000 Php27,000 Php38,000 Php54,000

471) The national government has under consideration the following mutually exclusive alternatives for implementing a

certain project. Annual benefits and costs are tabulated below. Determine the alternative which should be selected based on a B/C analysis.

Alternatives Annual Benefits Annual Costs A Php4,700,000 Php3,900,000 B Php3,800,000 Php4,000,000 C Php6,400,000 Php7,000,000 D Php5,700,000 Php4,900,000 E Php4,200,000 Php2,700,000 F Php7,500,000 Php6,900,000

472) Analyses of five mutually exclusive projects indicate the estimates tabulated below. The projects have a useful life

of 10 years and the minimum attractive rate of return in 18% annually. Only the cost of the land will be recovered at the end of the useful life of the project. Using the B/C method, select the best alternative treating operation and maintenance cost A) as disbenefits, and B) as part of the total cost.

Project A B C D E Cost of Land Php100,000 Php85,000 Php90,000 Php110,000 Php120,000 Construction Cost Php400,000 Php450,000 Php510,000 Php480,000 Php390,000 Annual O & M Php48,000 Php54,000 Php40,000 Php50,000 Php60,000 Annual income Php135,000 Php148,000 Php130,000 Php165,000 Php149,000

473) The national government has under consideration the following mutually exclusive alternatives for implementing a

certain project. Annual benefits and costs are tabulated below. Determine the alternative which should be selected based on a B/C analysis.

Alternatives Annual Benefits Annual Costs A Php4,700,000 Php3,900,000 B Php3,800,000 Php4,200,000 C Php6,400,000 Php7,000,000 D Php5,700,000 Php5,200,000 E Php4,200,000 Php2,700,000 F Php7,600,000 Php6,900,000

****INFLATION AND DEFLATION**** 474) For the cash flow diagram shown, find Combined interest-inflation rate (ic) and Real rate of interest after inflation

(i), if Rate of inflation (f) = 9% and gradient rate (r) = 20%. Draw the line diagram. Period Present Worth Annual Allocation Future Worth

0 Php1,000.00 Php0.00 1 Php120.00 2 Php144.00

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3 Php172.80 4 Php207.36 5 Php248.832 Php3,000.00

475) For the cash flow diagram shown, find Combined interest-inflation rate (ic) and Real rate of interest after inflation

(i), if Rate of inflation (f) = 9% and gradient rate (r) = 20%. Draw the line diagram. Period Present Worth Annual Allocation Future Worth

0 Php1,000.00 Php0.00 1 Php120.00 2 Php144.00 3 Php172.80 4 Php207.36 5 Php248.832 Php2,000.00

476) For the cash flow diagram shown, find Combined interest-inflation rate (ic) and Real rate of interest after inflation

(i), if Rate of inflation (f) = 10% and gradient rate (r) = 20%. Draw the line diagram. Period Present Worth Annual Allocation Future Worth

0 Php1,000.00 Php0.00 1 Php120.00 2 Php144.00 3 Php172.80 4 Php207.36 5 Php248.832 Php3,000.00

477) For the cash flow diagram shown, find Combined interest-inflation rate (ic) and Real rate of interest after inflation

(i), if Rate of inflation (f) = 10% and gradient rate (r) = 20%. Draw the line diagram. Period Present Worth Annual Allocation Future Worth

0 Php1,000.00 Php0.00 1 Php120.00 2 Php144.00 3 Php172.80 4 Php207.36 5 Php248.832 Php2,000.00

478) For the cash flow diagram shown, find Combined interest-inflation rate (ic) and Real rate of interest after inflation

(i), if Rate of inflation (f) = 7.5% and gradient rate (r) = 15%. Draw the line diagram. Period Present Worth Annual Allocation Future Worth

0 Php2,500.00 Php0.00 1 Php200.00 2 Php230.00 3 Php264.50 4 Php304.18 5 Php402.27 Php5,782.65

479) For the cash flow diagram shown, find Combined interest-inflation rate (ic) and Real rate of interest after inflation

(i), if Rate of inflation (f) = 8% and gradient rate (r) = 20%. Draw the line diagram. Period Present Worth Annual Allocation Future Worth

0 Php1,000.00 Php0.00 1 Php120.00 2 Php144.00 3 Php172.80 4 Php207.36 5 Php248.832 Php3,000.00

480) For the cash flow diagram shown, find Combined interest-inflation rate (ic) and Real rate of interest after inflation

(i), if Rate of inflation (f) = 8.5% and gradient rate (r) = 15%. Draw the line diagram. Period Present Worth Annual Allocation Future Worth

0 Php2,500.00 Php0.00 1 Php200.00 2 Php230.00 3 Php264.50 4 Php304.18 5 Php402.27 Php5,782.65

481) For the cash flow diagram shown, find Combined interest-inflation rate (ic) and Real rate of interest after inflation

(i), if Rate of inflation (f) = 10% and gradient rate (r) = 9%. Draw the line diagram. Period Present Worth Annual Allocation Future Worth

0 Php100.00 Php0.00 1 Php10.90

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2 Php11.881 3 Php12.950

. . . . . . . . 9 Php10(1.09)9 10 Php10(1.09)10 Php236.74

482) For the cash flow diagram shown, find Combined interest-inflation rate (ic) and Real rate of interest after inflation

(i), if Rate of inflation (f) = 8% and gradient rate (r) = 20%. Draw the line diagram. Period Present Worth Annual Allocation Future Worth

0 Php1,000.00 Php0.00 1 Php120.00 2 Php144.00 3 Php172.80 4 Php207.36 5 Php248.832 Php2,000.00

483) For the cash flow diagram shown, find Combined interest-inflation rate (ic) and Real rate of interest after inflation

(i), if Rate of inflation (f) = 11% and gradient rate (r) = 9%. Draw the line diagram. Period Present Worth Annual Allocation Future Worth

0 Php100.00 Php0.00 1 Php10.90 2 Php11.881 3 Php12.950

. . . . . . . . 9 Php10(1.09)9 10 Php10(1.09)10 Php236.74

484) Assuming an average inflation rate of 6% during the next 10 years, how much would a car costing Php400,000

now cost 10 years hence? 485) For the cash flow diagram shown, find Combined interest-inflation rate (ic) and Real rate of interest after inflation

(i), if Rate of inflation (f) = 6.5% and gradient rate (r) = 15%. Draw the line diagram. Period Present Worth Annual Allocation Future Worth

0 Php2,500.00 Php0.00 1 Php200.00 2 Php230.00 3 Php264.50 4 Php304.18 5 Php402.27 Php5,782.65

486) Assuming an average inflation rate of 8% during the next 10 years, how much would a car costing Php400,000

now cost 11 years hence? 487) A man wishes to set aside money for his retirement at age 60 in a fund which will have an amount equivalent to

Php50,000 with today’s purchasing power at that time. The estimated inflation rate is 6.5%. If the fund will earn 9% compounded annually, what amount should he invest now on his forty-fifth birthday?

488) For the cash flow diagram shown, find Combined interest-inflation rate (ic) and Real rate of interest after inflation

(i), if Rate of inflation (f) = 9% and gradient rate (r) = 9%. Draw the line diagram. Period Present Worth Annual Allocation Future Worth

0 Php100.00 Php0.00 1 Php10.90 2 Php11.881 3 Php12.950

. . . . . . . . 9 Php10(1.09)9 10 Php10(1.09)10 Php236.74

489) A man wishes to set aside money for his retirement at age 60 in a fund which will have an amount equivalent to

Php50,000 with today’s purchasing power at that time. The estimated inflation rate is 6.5%. If the fund will earn 6% compounded annually, what amount should he invest now on his forty-fifth birthday? How do you relate this to Philippines situation?

490) A coupon bond with a face value of Php5,000 is purchased for Php4,750. Twenty coupons, each worth Php550,

are attached to the bond and are to cased, one each year, at a designated bank in payment of interest. At the end of 20 years, the last coupon and the face value of Php5,000 are paid by the bank. If the average inflation rate during the 20 years is 5.8%, determine the real rate of return before taxes.

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491) Assuming an average inflation rate of 10% during the next 10 years, how much would a car costing Php400,000 now cost 12 years hence?

492) A coupon bond with a face value of Php5,000 is purchased for Php4,850. Twenty coupons, each worth Php550,

are attached to the bond and are to cased, one each year, at a designated bank in payment of interest. At the end of 20 years, the last coupon and the face value of Php5,000 are paid by the bank. If the average inflation rate during the 20 years is 5.8%, determine the real rate of return before taxes.

493) A coupon bond with a face value of Php5,000 is purchased for Php5,300. Twenty coupons, each worth Php550,

are attached to the bond and are to cased, one each year, at a designated bank in payment of interest. At the end of 20 years, the last coupon and the face value of Php5,000 are paid by the bank. If the average inflation rate during the 20 years is 5.8%, determine the real rate of return before taxes.

494) A coupon bond with a face value of Php5,000 is purchased for Php5,200. Twenty coupons, each worth Php550,

are attached to the bond and are to cased, one each year, at a designated bank in payment of interest. At the end of 20 years, the last coupon and the face value of Php5,000 are paid by the bank. If the average inflation rate during the 20 years is 5.8%, determine the real rate of return before taxes.

495) A man wishes to set aside money for his retirement at age 60 in a fund which will have an amount equivalent to

Php50,000 with today’s purchasing power at that time. The estimated inflation rate is 11%. If the fund will earn 10% compounded annually, what amount should he invest now on his forty-fifth birthday? How do you relate this to Philippines situation in 1999?

496) A coupon bond with a face value of Php5,000 is purchased for Php4,950. Twenty coupons, each worth Php550,

are attached to the bond and are to cased, one each year, at a designated bank in payment of interest. At the end of 20 years, the last coupon and the face value of Php5,000 are paid by the bank. If the average inflation rate during the 20 years is 5.8%, determine the real rate of return before taxes.

497) A coupon bond with a face value of Php5,000 is purchased for Php5,400. Twenty coupons, each worth Php550,

are attached to the bond and are to cased, one each year, at a designated bank in payment of interest. At the end of 20 years, the last coupon and the face value of Php5,000 are paid by the bank. If the average inflation rate during the 20 years is 5.8%, determine the real rate of return before taxes.

498) If the rate of inflation is 9% and the rate of interest is 15% compounded annually, determine the single composite

rate per year that would be used to compute the present equivalent future costs estimated in terms of present-day pesos.

499) A coupon bond with a face value of Php5,000 is purchased for Php4,750. Twenty coupons, each worth Php550,

are attached to the bond and are to cased, one each year, at a designated bank in payment of interest. At the end of 20 years, the last coupon and the face value of Php5,000 are paid by the bank. If the average inflation rate during the 20 years is 5.8% and if the owner of the bond is in the 39% income tax bracket, and his capital gains tax is 39% on 40% of profit, determine the real rate of return after taxes.

500) If the rate of inflation is 12.5% and the rate of interest is 12% compounded annually, determine the single

composite rate per year that would be used to compute the present equivalent future costs estimated in terms of present-day pesos.

501) An investor who is in the 44% income tax bracket, purchased bonds for which he will receive Php5,000 interest

each year for 10 years. At the end of 10 years, the bonds will be redeemed for Php50,000. The capital gains tax is 44% on 40% of his profit, if any. If the rate of inflation is 7%, how much is the real rate of return if he purchased the bonds for Php50,000?

502) A coupon bond with a face value of Php5,000 is purchased for Php5,300. Twenty coupons, each worth Php550,

are attached to the bond and are to cased, one each year, at a designated bank in payment of interest. At the end of 20 years, the last coupon and the face value of Php5,000 are paid by the bank. If the average inflation rate during the 20 years is 5.8% and if the owner of the bond is in the 39% income tax bracket, determine the real rate of return before taxes.

503) An investor who is in the 44% income tax bracket, purchased bonds for which he will receive Php5,000 interest

each year for 10 years. At the end of 10 years, the bonds will be redeemed for Php50,000. The capital gains tax is 44% on 40% of his profit, if any. If the rate of inflation is 9%, how much is the real rate of return if he purchased the bonds for Php50,000?

504) An investor who is in the 44% income tax bracket, purchased bonds for which he will receive Php5,000 interest

each year for 10 years. At the end of 10 years, the bonds will be redeemed for Php50,000. The capital gains tax is 44% on 40% of his profit, if any. If the rate of inflation is 7%, how much is the real rate of return if he purchased the bonds for Php45,000?

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505) If the rate of inflation is 12% and the rate of interest is 15% compounded annually, determine the single composite rate per year that would be used to compute the present equivalent future costs estimated in terms of present-day pesos.

506) An investor who is in the 44% income tax bracket, purchased bonds for which he will receive Php5,000 interest

each year for 10 years. At the end of 10 years, the bonds will be redeemed for Php50,000. The capital gains tax is 44% on 40% of his profit, if any. If the rate of inflation is 9%, how much is the real rate of return if he purchased the bonds for Php45,000?

507) If Php10,000 is lent today at 12% compounded annually is to be repaid in one lump sum at the end of 5 years, and

if the rate of inflation is 7.5%, what is the real rate of return? 508) An investor who is in the 44% income tax bracket, purchased bonds for which he will receive Php5,000 interest

each year for 10 years. At the end of 10 years, the bonds will be redeemed for Php50,000. The capital gains tax is 44% on 40% of his profit, if any. If the rate of inflation is 11%, how much is the real rate of return if he purchased the bonds for Php50,000?

509) If Php10,000 is lent today at 12% compounded annually is to be repaid in one lump sum at the end of 5 years, and

if the rate of inflation is 9%, what is the real rate of return? 510) An investor purchased some shares of a corporation for Php10,000. She received year-end annual dividends of

Php1,200 for ten years. At the end of this time, she sold her shares for Php10,000. If the inflation rate during each of the 10 years was 8.2%, determine the combined interest-inflation rate of return and the real rate of return on her investment.

511) An investor who is in the 44% income tax bracket, purchased bonds for which he will receive Php5,000 interest

each year for 10 years. At the end of 10 years, the bonds will be redeemed for Php50,000. The capital gains tax is 44% on 40% of his profit, if any. If the rate of inflation is 11%, how much is the real rate of return if he purchased the bonds for Php45,000?

512) An investor purchased some shares of a corporation for Php10,000. She received year-end annual dividends of

Php1,200 for ten years. At the end of this time, she sold her shares for Php10,000. If the inflation rate during each of the 10 years was 10%, determine the combined interest-inflation rate of return and the real rate of return on her investment.

513) An investor purchased some shares of a corporation for Php10,000. She received year-end annual dividends of

Php1,200 for ten years. At the end of this time, she sold her shares for Php20,000. If the inflation rate during each of the 10 years was 8.2%, determine the combined interest-inflation rate of return and the real rate of return on her investment.

514) If Php10,000 is lent today at 11% compounded annually is to be repaid in one lump sum at the end of 5 years, and

if the rate of inflation is 11%, what is the real rate of return? 515) An investor purchased some shares of a corporation for Php10,000. She received year-end annual dividends of

Php1,200 for ten years. At the end of this time, she sold her shares for Php20,000. If the inflation rate during each of the 10 years was 10%, determine the combined interest-inflation rate of return and the real rate of return on her investment.

516) An investor purchased some shares of a corporation for Php10,000. She received year-end annual dividends of

Php1,200 for ten years. At the end of this time, she sold her shares for Php6,000. If the inflation rate during each of the 10 years was 8.2%, determine the combined interest-inflation rate of return and the real rate of return on her investment.

517) An investor purchased some shares of a corporation for Php10,000. She received year-end annual dividends of

Php1,200 for ten years. At the end of this time, she sold her shares for Php11,200. If the inflation rate during each of the 10 years was 12%, determine the combined interest-inflation rate of return and the real rate of return on her investment.

518) An investor purchased some shares of a corporation for Php10,000. She received year-end annual dividends of

Php1,200 for ten years. At the end of this time, she sold her shares for Php6,000. If the inflation rate during each of the 10 years was 7%, determine the combined interest-inflation rate of return and the real rate of return on her investment.

519) An investor in the 30% income tax bracket invests Php10,000 in a bond paying 12% rate of interest annually. The

bond will be redeemed at the end of 10 years at par. If the rate of inflation is 8%, what is the real after-tax rate of return?

520) An investor purchased some shares of a corporation for Php10,000. She received year-end annual dividends of

Php1,200 for ten years. At the end of this time, she sold her shares for Php20,000. If the inflation rate during

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each of the 10 years was 12%, determine the combined interest-inflation rate of return and the real rate of return on her investment.

521) An investor in the 30% income tax bracket invests Php10,000 in a bond paying 12% rate of interest annually. The

bond will be redeemed at the end of 10 years at par. If the rate of inflation is 10%, what is the real after-tax rate of return?

522) An investor purchased some shares of a corporation for Php10,000. She received year-end annual dividends of

Php1,200 for ten years. At the end of this time, she sold her shares for Php6,000. If the inflation rate during each of the 10 years was 5%, determine the combined interest-inflation rate of return and the real rate of return on her investment.

523) An investor in the 33% income tax bracket invests Php10,000 in a bond paying 11% rate of interest annually. The

bond will be redeemed at the end of 10 years at par. If the rate of inflation is 10%, what is the real after-tax rate of return?

****RISK, UNCERTAINLY, AND SENSITIVITY**** 524) Manufacture equipment worth Php64,000 is to be purchased. It is estimated to have a life of 8 years with a

salvage value of Php8,000 at the end of this time. Estimates of the annual income from this equipment vary from Php10,000 to Php12,000. Using present-worth analysis, determine the sensitivity of the investment in the equipment if the minimum attractive rate of return (MARR) is 10%.

525) A company intends to purchase one of two machines whose data are given below. Determine the sensitivity of the

decision, using annual cost analysis, for MARR value of 10%. Details Machine A Machine B

First cost Php30,000 Php42,000 Annual Operating cost Php3,600 Php2,400 Salvage value at end of life Php5,000 Php7,000 Overhaul at mid-life Php4,200 Php6,000 Life in years 8 12

526) A machine is purchased for Php24,000 and is expected to be used from 5 to 8 years before being replaced. The

estimated annual operating cost and year-end salvage value for each of the years of its life are tabulated below. If the MARR is 12%, determine the sensitivity of the investment in the machine to the various life estimates

using the annual cost method. Life in Years 5 6 7 8

Annual operating cost Php2,400 Php2,700 Php3,100 Php3,500 Salvage value Php10,000 Php9,000 Php7,000 Php5,000

527) A company intends to purchase one of two machines whose data are given below. Determine the sensitivity of the

decision, using annual cost analysis, for MARR value of 12%. Details Machine A Machine B

First cost Php30,000 Php42,000 Annual Operating cost Php3,600 Php2,400 Salvage value at end of life Php5,000 Php7,000 Overhaul at mid-life Php4,200 Php6,000 Life in years 8 12

528) Manufacture equipment worth Php66,000 is to be purchased. It is estimated to have a life of 8 years with a

salvage value of Php8,000 at the end of this time. Estimates of the annual income from this equipment vary from Php10,000 to Php12,000. Using present-worth analysis, determine the sensitivity of the investment in the equipment if the minimum attractive rate of return (MARR) is 12%.

529) A company intends to purchase one of two machines whose data are given below. Determine the sensitivity of the

decision, using annual cost analysis, for MARR value of 14%. Details Machine A Machine B

First cost Php30,000 Php42,000 Annual Operating cost Php3,600 Php2,400 Salvage value at end of life Php5,000 Php7,000 Overhaul at mid-life Php4,200 Php6,000 Life in years 8 12

530) A machine is purchased for Php24,000 and is expected to be used from 5 to 8 years before being replaced. The

estimated annual operating cost and year-end salvage value for each of the years of its life are tabulated below. If the MARR is 14%, determine the sensitivity of the investment in the machine to the various life estimates

using the annual cost method. Life in Years 5 6 7 8

Annual operating cost Php2,400 Php2,700 Php3,100 Php3,500 Salvage value Php10,000 Php9,000 Php7,000 Php5,000

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531) A company intends to purchase one of two machines whose data are given below. Determine the sensitivity of the

decision, using annual cost analysis, for MARR value of 16%. Details Machine A Machine B

First cost Php30,000 Php42,000 Annual Operating cost Php3,600 Php2,400 Salvage value at end of life Php5,000 Php7,000 Overhaul at mid-life Php4,200 Php6,000 Life in years 8 12

532) Manufacture equipment worth Php65,000 is to be purchased. It is estimated to have a life of 8 years with a

salvage value of Php8,000 at the end of this time. Estimates of the annual income from this equipment vary from Php10,000 to Php12,000. Using present-worth analysis, determine the sensitivity of the investment in the equipment if the minimum attractive rate of return (MARR) is 14%.

533) A company intends to purchase one of two machines whose data are given below. Determine the sensitivity of the

decision, using annual cost analysis, for MARR value of 18%. Details Machine A Machine B

First cost Php30,000 Php42,000 Annual Operating cost Php3,600 Php2,400 Salvage value at end of life Php5,000 Php7,000 Overhaul at mid-life Php4,200 Php6,000 Life in years 8 12

534) A company intends to purchase one of two machines whose data are given below. Determine the value of the

minimum attractive rate of return when the machine A and B will have equal annual cost. Details Machine A Machine B

First cost Php30,000 Php42,000 Annual Operating cost Php3,500 Php3,500 Salvage value at end of life Php5,000 Php7,000 Overhaul at mid-life Php4,200 Php6,000 Life in years 10 12

535) A machine is purchased for Php24,000 and is expected to be used from 5 to 8 years before being replaced. The

estimated annual operating cost and year-end salvage value for each of the years of its life are tabulated below. If the MARR is 10%, determine the sensitivity of the investment in the machine to the various life estimates

using the annual cost method. Life in Years 5 6 7 8

Annual operating cost Php2,400 Php2,700 Php3,100 Php3,500 Salvage value Php10,000 Php9,000 Php7,000 Php5,000

536) A company intends to purchase one of two machines whose data are given below. Determine the value of the

minimum attractive rate of return when the machine A and B will have equal annual cost. Details Machine A Machine B

First cost Php30,000 Php42,000 Annual Operating cost Php3,500 Php3,500 Salvage value at end of life Php5,000 Php7,000 Overhaul at mid-life Php4,200 Php6,000 Life in years 8 12

537) A company has the opportunity to invest Php50,000 for which it will receive Php7,000 annually for each year of

investment, and the original investment will be returned at the end of any of the next 5 years. However, beginning with the sixth year, the amount to be returned to the company of its original investment will be decreased by Php5,000 in each succeeding year. Thus, the company will receive Php45,000 at the end of the sixth year, Php40,000 at the end of the seventh year, and so on. If capital is worth 12%, determine the sensitivity of the investment relative to the years it is retained.

538) A company intends to purchase one of two machines whose data are given below. Determine the sensitivity of the

decision, using annual cost analysis, for MARR values of 20%. Details Machine A Machine B

First cost Php30,000 Php42,000 Annual Operating cost Php3,600 Php2,400 Salvage value at end of life Php5,000 Php7,000 Overhaul at mid-life Php4,200 Php6,000 Life in years 8 12

539) A company has the opportunity to invest Php50,000 for which it will receive Php7,000 annually for each year of

investment, and the original investment will be returned at the end of any of the next 5 years. However, beginning with the sixth year, the amount to be returned to the company of its original investment will be decreased by

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Php5,000 in each succeeding year. Thus, the company will receive Php45,000 at the end of the sixth year, Php40,000 at the end of the seventh year, and so on. If capital is worth 8%, determine the sensitivity of the investment relative to the years it is retained.

540) A company intends to purchase one of two machines whose data are given below. Determine the value of the

minimum attractive rate of return when the machine A and B will have equal annual cost. Details Machine A Machine B

First cost Php35,000 Php42,000 Annual Operating cost Php3,500 Php3,500 Salvage value at end of life Php5,000 Php7,000 Overhaul at mid-life Php4,000 Php6,000 Life in years 9 12

541) A company has the opportunity to invest Php50,000 for which it will receive Php7,000 annually for each year of

investment, and the original investment will be returned at the end of any of the next 5 years. However, beginning with the sixth year, the amount to be returned to the company of its original investment will be decreased by Php5,000 in each succeeding year. Thus, the company will receive Php45,000 at the end of the sixth year, Php40,000 at the end of the seventh year, and so on. If capital is worth 10%, determine the sensitivity of the investment relative to the years it is retained.

542) The decision matrix shown below gives the profit expected from three alternatives under five states of nature.

Select the preferred alternative by applying each of the following criteria: Laplace, maximin, maximax, minimax regret, and Hurwicz with α = 0.8.

Alternatives States of Nature S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

A1 12 18 15 8 11 A2 7 20 14 12 16 A3 13 16 25 10 17

543) The decision matrix shown below gives the profit expected from three alternatives under five states of nature.

Select the preferred alternative by applying each of the following criteria: Laplace, maximin, maximax, minimax regret, and Hurwicz with α = 0.7.

Alternatives States of Nature S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

A1 12 18 15 8 11 A2 7 20 14 12 16 A3 13 16 25 10 17

544) The decision matrix shown below gives the profit expected from three alternatives under five states of nature.

Select the preferred alternative by applying each of the following criteria: Laplace, maximin, maximax, minimax regret, and Hurwicz with α = 0.6.

Alternatives States of Nature S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

A1 12 18 15 8 11 A2 7 20 14 12 16 A3 13 16 25 10 17

545) The decision matrix shown below gives the profit expected from three alternatives under five states of nature.

Select the preferred alternative by applying each of the following criteria: Laplace, maximin, maximax, minimax regret, and Hurwicz with α = 0.5.

Alternatives States of Nature S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

A1 12 18 15 8 11 A2 7 20 14 12 16 A3 13 16 25 10 17

546) The decision matrix shown below gives the profit expected from three alternatives under five states of nature.

Select the preferred alternative by applying each of the following criteria: Laplace, maximin, maximax, minimax regret, and Hurwicz with α = 0.4.

Alternatives States of Nature S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

A1 12 18 15 8 11 A2 7 20 14 12 16 A3 13 16 25 10 17

547) The decision matrix shown below consist of cost element from three alternatives under five states of nature. Select

the preferred alternative by applying each of the following criteria: Laplace, minimin, minimax, minimax regret, and Hurwicz with α = 0.3.

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Alternatives States of Nature S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

A1 12 18 15 8 11 A2 7 20 14 12 16 A3 13 16 25 10 17

548) Analyze the profit matrix below by the use of the Hurwicz principle.

Alternatives States of Nature S1 S2 S3

A1 Php8.00 Php7.00 Php5.00 A2 Php4.00 Php9.00 Php10.00 A3 Php3.00 Php11.00 Php8.00

549) Analyze the cost matrix below by the use of the Hurwicz principle.

Alternatives States of Nature S1 S2 S3

A1 Php8.00 Php7.00 Php5.00 A2 Php4.00 Php9.00 Php10.00 A3 Php3.00 Php11.00 Php8.00

550) Ford Construction Company is considering the proposed acquisition of a new earthmover. The mover’s basic price

is Php700,000, and it will cost another Php150,000 to modify it for special use by the company. This earthmover falls into the MACRS 5-years. It will be sold after 4 years for Php300,000. The earthmover purchase will have no effect on revenues, but it is expected to save the firm Php330,000 per year in before-tax operating costs, mainly labor. The firm’s marginal tax rate (federal plus state) is 40%, and its MARR is 18%. Is this project acceptable based on the most-likely estimates given.

551) Analyze the cost matrix below by the Hurwicz principle.

Alternatives States of Nature (‘000) S1 S2 S3

A1 Php90.00 Php80.00 Php60.00 A2 Php70.00 Php70.00 Php70.00 A3 Php40.00 Php50.00 Php100.00

552) Ford Construction Company is considering the proposed acquisition of a new earthmover. The mover’s basic price

is Php700,000, and it will cost another Php150,000 to modify it for special use by the company. This earthmover falls into the MACRS 5-years. It will be sold after 4 years for Php300,000. The earthmover purchase will have no effect on revenues, but it is expected to save the firm Php350,000 per year in before-tax operating costs, mainly labor. The firm’s marginal tax rate (federal plus state) is 40%, and its MARR is 21%. Is this project acceptable based on the most-likely estimates given.

553) Ford Construction Company is considering the proposed acquisition of a new earthmover. The mover’s basic price

is Php700,000, and it will cost another Php150,000 to modify it for special use by the company. This earthmover falls into the MACRS 5-years. It will be sold after 4 years for Php300,000. The earthmover purchase will have no effect on revenues, but it is expected to save the firm Php340,000 per year in before-tax operating costs, mainly labor. The firm’s marginal tax rate (federal plus state) is 40%, and its MARR is 18%. Suppose that the project will require an increase in not working capital (spare parts inventory) of Php20,000, which will be recovered at the end of year 5. With consideration of this new requirement, would the project still be acceptable?

554) Analyze the profit matrix below by the Hurwicz principle.

Alternatives States of Nature (‘000) S1 S2 S3

A1 Php90.00 Php80.00 Php60.00 A2 Php70.00 Php70.00 Php70.00 A3 Php40.00 Php50.00 Php100.00

555) Ford Construction Company is considering the proposed acquisition of a new earthmover. The mover’s basic price

is Php700,000, and it will cost another Php150,000 to modify it for special use by the company. This earthmover falls into the MACRS 5-years. It will be sold after 4 years for Php300,000. The earthmover purchase will have no effect on revenues, but it is expected to save the firm Php360,000 per year in before-tax operating costs, mainly labor. The firm’s marginal tax rate (federal plus state) is 40%, and its MARR is 21%. Suppose that the project will require an increase in not working capital (spare parts inventory) of Php20,000, which will be recovered at the end of year 5. With consideration of this new requirement, would the project still be acceptable?

556) Ford Construction Company is considering the proposed acquisition of a new earthmover. The mover’s basic price

is Php700,000, and it will cost another Php150,000 to modify it for special use by the company. This earthmover falls into the MACRS 5-years. It will be sold after 4 years for Php300,000. The earthmover purchase will have no effect on revenues, but it is expected to save the firm Php320,000 per year in before-tax operating costs, mainly

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labor. The firm’s marginal tax rate (federal plus state) is 40%. If the firm’s MARR is 22%, what would be the required savings in labor so that the project remains profitable?

557) Ford Construction Company is considering the proposed acquisition of a new earthmover. The mover’s basic price

is Php700,000, and it will cost another Php150,000 to modify it for special use by the company. This earthmover falls into the MACRS 5-years. It will be sold after 4 years for Php300,000. The earthmover purchase will have no effect on revenues, but it is expected to save the firm Php320,000 per year in before-tax operating costs, mainly labor. The firm’s marginal tax rate (federal plus state) is 40%, and its MARR is 15%. Is this project acceptable based on the most-likely estimates given.

558) Ford Construction Company is considering the proposed acquisition of a new earthmover. The mover’s basic price

is Php700,000, and it will cost another Php150,000 to modify it for special use by the company. This earthmover falls into the MACRS 5-years. It will be sold after 4 years for Php300,000. The earthmover purchase will have no effect on revenues, but it is expected to save the firm Php330,000 per year in before-tax operating costs, mainly labor. The firm’s marginal tax rate (federal plus state) is 40%. If the firm’s MARR is 24%, what would be the required savings in labor so that the project remains profitable?

559) Ford Construction Company is considering the proposed acquisition of a new earthmover. The mover’s basic price

is Php700,000, and it will cost another Php150,000 to modify it for special use by the company. This earthmover falls into the MACRS 5-years. It will be sold after 4 years for Php300,000. The earthmover purchase will have no effect on revenues, but it is expected to save the firm Php320,000 per year in before-tax operating costs, mainly labor. The firm’s marginal tax rate (federal plus state) is 40%, and its MARR is 15%. Suppose that the project will require an increase in not working capital (spare parts inventory) of Php20,000, which will be recovered at the end of year 5. With consideration of this new requirement, would the project still be acceptable?

560) Ford Construction Company is considering the proposed acquisition of a new earthmover. The mover’s basic price

is Php700,000, and it will cost another Php150,000 to modify it for special use by the company. This earthmover falls into the MACRS 5-years. It will be sold after 4 years for Php300,000. The earthmover purchase will have no effect on revenues, but it is expected to save the firm Php320,000 per year in before-tax operating costs, mainly labor. The firm’s marginal tax rate (federal plus state) is 40%. If the firm’s MARR is 20%, what would be the required savings in labor so that the project remains profitable?

561) The Central Drug Distribution Center wants to evaluate a new materials handling system for fragile products. The

complete device will cost Php62,000 and have an 8-year life and a salvage value of Php1,500. Annual maintenance, fuel, and overhead cost are estimated at Php0.50 per metric ton moved. Labor cost will be Php8 per hour for regular wages and Php16 for overtime. A total of 20 tons can be moved in an 8-hr period. The center handles from 10 to 30 tons of fragile products per day. The center uses a MARR of 10%. Determine the sensitivity of present worth of cost to the annual volume moved. Assume the operator is paid regular wages for 200 days of work per year. Use a 10 metric-ton-increment for the analysis.

562) A manufacturing company needs 1,000 square meter of storage space. Purchasing land for Php80,000 and

erecting a temporary metal building at Php70 per square meter is one option. The president expects to sell the land for Php100,000 and the building for Php20,000 after 3 years. Another option is to lease space for Php2.50 per square meter per month payable at the beginning of each year. The MARR is 20%. Perform a present worth analysis of the building and leasing alternative to determine the sensitivity of the decision if construction costs go down 10% and the lease cost goes up to Php2.75 per square meter per month.

563) A new demonstration system has been designed by Custom Bath & Showers. For the data shown, determine the

sensitivity of the rate of return to the amount of the revenue gradient G for values from Php1,500 to Php2,500. If MARR is 18% per year, would this variation in the revenue gradient affect the decision to build the demonstration system? Work this problem with P = Php74,000; n = 10 years; and S = 0. {Expense: Php30,000 first year, increasing Php3,000 per year thereafter; and Revenue: Php63,000 first year, decreasing by G per year thereafter.}

564) Laura has been offered an investment opportunity that will require a cash outlay of Php30,000 now for a cash

inflow of Php3,500 for each year of investment. However, she must state now the number of years she plans to retain the investment. Additionally, if the investment is retained for 6 years, Php25,000 will be returned to investor, but after 10 years the return is anticipated to be only Php15,000, and after 12 years it is estimated to be Php8,000. If money is currently worth 8% per year, is the decision sensitive to the retention period?

565) An asset cost Php8,000 and has a maximum life of 15 years. Its Annual Operating Cost is expected to be Php500

the first year and increasing by an arithmetic gradient G between Php60 and Php140 per year thereafter. Determine the sensitivity of the economic service life to the cost gradient in increments of Php40, and plot the results on the same graph. Use an interest rate of 5% per year.