Energy Efficient Buildings NTU Singapore Buildings

NTU Singapore

Energy Efficient Buildings

Full Report on Worldwide State of the Art En-

ergy Efficient Buildings

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Nanyang Technological University Singapore

NTU Energy Framework

> Energy Efficient Buildings

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Client Nanyang Technological University

Sustainable Earth Office

50 Nanyang Avenue

North Spine N1-B3c-43

Singapore 639798

Contact William Henry Clune

Consultancy Intep Intep

Integrale Planung GmbH Integrated Planning LLC

Innere Wiener Str. 11a 212 2nd Street SE, Suite 222

81667 Munich Minneapolis, MN 55414

Germany USA

T. +49 89 45 99 49 0 T. +1 612 339 55 15

www.intep.com

Author René Sigg

City, date, version Munich/Minneapolis, April 26th, 2012, V1-1

Copyright © Intep – Integrale Planung GmbH, 2012.

This report was prepared with greatest care and is based on information obtained from sources we believe to be

reliable, but not for its accuracy, completeness and correctness, we assume no liability. The opinions contained

herein represent our estimates at the time of writing this report and are subject to change without notice.




April 26th, 2012/V1-1

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Introduction

Nanyang Technological University (NTU) will invest nearly $700 million in new building pro-

jects to be completed over the next three to four years. By constructing iconic, cutting-edge

and energy-efficient buildings on their campus, they signal their aspiration to become one of

the World's top engineering and science centers, and a leader in areas such as clean technol-

ogy and environmental sustainability. NTU's Sustainable Earth Peak provides an opportunity

for the University to do more with sustainability, both in research and in practice.

As part of NTU's examination of other energy efficient building projects around the world, the

Sustainable Earth Office (SEO) of NTU commissioned a study by Intep, a leading, international

strategic consultant group with construction work throughout Germany, Switzerland, and the

United States, including the management of complex building projects with a variety of sus-

tainability objectives.

State-of-the-Art Energy-Efficient Buildings

Buildings are one of the heaviest consumers of Energy and use about 40% of the raw materi-

als globally. In the U.S., buildings account for 38% of all CO2 emissions. Energy efficient build-

ings offer a very positive impact on the environment and reduced operations cost compared to

conventional buildings. Case studies and monitoring show that conventional buildings in any

climate zone typically consume a total of more than 200 kilowatt-hours of energy per square

meter and year.

Standards like the ‘Living Building Challenge’ in the U.S., ‘Passivehouse’ in Germany or

MINERGIE-P® in Switzerland produce very efficient buildings that consume 5 to 10 times less

energy than conventional buildings.

The graphic below shows examples of highly energy efficient buildings around the globe. All of

them were designed from the very beginning with clearly defined energy goals in mind.

Primary Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Two key energy factors effect the built environment; primary energy - or source energy - and

final energy. Primary energy is the raw energy found in nature. It has not been subject to any

conversion or transformation process (oil, gas, uranium, coal, wood, solar radiation etc.). Pri-

CIRS, Vancouver

BioHaus, Bemidji

OSC, Portland

Siemens Tenjo, Bogota

CPW, Orbe

NuOffice, Munich

Eawag, Zurich

SCS, Shanghai

PTM, Kuala Lumpur

ZEB BCA, Singapore




April 26th, 2012/V1-1

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mary energy can be non-renewable or renewable. Non-renewable primary energy is extracted

from sources that are finite like oil, gas, uranium, or coal. Renewable primary energy is gen-

erated from virtually endless sources like solar radiation, wind, or biomass.

In terms of environmental impact, greenhouse gas emissions are another key aspect of ener-

gy generation in addition to primary energy. It is important to note that both non-renewable

primary energy as well as greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced dramatically in buildings

today.

The final energy is the energy available in the building. This includes all of the energy deliv-

ered, used and recovered on site. The final energy demand is the total measured consumption

in the building for heating, cooling and electricity. Low final energy consumption is achieved

through insulated and airtight building envelope as well as energy-efficient equipment and

building services. Heating energy includes space heating and hot water. Electricity includes

lighting, ventilation, air conditioning (pumps/fans) and equipment.

The numbers below illustrate the Final Energy (FE), Primary Energy (PE) and Greenhouse Gas

emissions (GHG) measurements for exemplary projects around the world. A detailed descrip-

tion of these buildings can be found on pages 5 to 14 in this report.

Eawag, Zurich

FE 14,0

PE 36,3

GHG 2,3

NuOffice, Munich

FE 58,9

PE 129,2

GHG 14,3

CPW, Orbe

FE 73,2

PE 191,3

GHG 29,0

Biohaus, Bemidji

FE 31,9

PE 83,0

GHG 10,1

CIRS, Vancouver

FE 72,9

PE 76,0

GHG 16,8

OSC, Portland

FE 56,8

PE 94,3

GHG 5,1

Tenjo, Bogotà

FE 15,9

PE 31,8

GHG 5,1

SCS, Shanghai

FE 75,6

PE 173,3

GHG 15,9

PTM, Kuala Lumpur

FE 35,0

PE 58,1

GHG 3,2

BCA, Singapore

FE 59,3

PE 98,5

GHG 5,3

FE Final Energy in kWh/(m2yr)

PE Primary Energy in kWh/(m2yr)

GHG Greenhouse Gas Emissions in kg/(m2yr)

General Principles for Energy Efficiency

The following general principles for heating, cooling and electricity consumption enable ener-

gy efficient buildings in all climate zones:

Well insulated and airtight building envelope

Minimized thermal bridges

Extensive use of daylighting

Selection of simple systems to cover heating requirements

Selection of simple systems to cover cooling requirements

Energy efficient equipment

The profitability of buildings can be significantly improved with the help of timely integration of

sustainable planning approaches. Energy efficient project goals must be formulated in a clear,

project-specific way that considers the individual project phases in all specifications of ser-

vices.




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Forum Chriesbach Eawag, Zurich, Switzerland

Use Forum Chriesbach is Eawag’s main headquarter. The Aquatic Re-

search Centre is an office and research building, which also hous-

es a library, training rooms and the staff canteen for the research

division Eawag of ETH domain Zurich.

Year of construction 2006

Website www.forumchriesbach.eawag.ch

Useable area 11.170 m2

Climate classification Moderate climate, cold winters,

warm summers with some humidity

Heating degree days 2.550 Kd

Cooling degree days 163 Kd

Photo credit: Eawag, Dubendorf (Zurich) Photo credit: Eawag, Dubendorf (Zurich)

Heating Energy 2,1 kWh/(m2yr) Final Energy 14,0 kWh/(m2yr)

Cooling Energy 1,1 kWh/(m2yr) Primary Energy 36,3 kWh/(m2yr)

Electricity 10,8 kWh/(m2yr) CO2 Emissions 2,3 kg/(m2yr)

Construction costs 2.900 CHF/m2

Certification system -

Construction High insulation at walls, roof and floor slab

Windows with triple glazing and low-e coating

Exterior shading devices

Building services Ventilation system with soil-to-air heat exchanger

Solar collectors for heating and hot water

Solar power system (photovoltaics)

Use of waste heat from commercial cooling system

Building owner Eawag, Dübendorf (Zurich)

Architect Bob Gysin + Partner BGP Architekten, Zurich




April 26th, 2012/V1-1

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Office Building ‚NuOffice‘, Munich, Germany

Use The office building ‘NuOffice’ offers flexible office spaces, fitness

center and spa, cafeteria and parking area. It is located at the site

‘Parkstadt Schwabing’ in Munich.


Web www.nuoffice.de






Photo credit: Domagk Gewerbepark GmbH, Munich Photo credit: Domagk Gewerbepark GmbH, Munich


Electricity 31,9 kWh/(m2yr) Primary Energy 129,2 kWh/(m2yr)

CO2 Emissions 14,3 kg/(m2yr)

Construction costs 1.700 EUR/m2

Certification system LEED Platin

EU Green Building

2000-Watt-Society




Building services Absorption heat pump for heating

Cooling with ground water

Concrete slab cooling and heating

Solar power system (photovoltaics)

Building owner Domagk Gewerbepark GmbH, Munich

Architect Architectural office Falk von Tettenborn, Munich




April 26th, 2012/V1-1

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CPW Innovation Centre, Orbe, Switzerland

Use The technical facility located in Orbe, Switzerland, designs and de-

velops new platforms for Cereal Partners Worldwide (CPW SA), a

joint venture between Nestlé and General Mills. The innovation

center is including product innovation, technology, packaging, and

nutrition research and development.


Web -






Photo credit: Concept Consult Architectes Sàrl, Lausanne Photo credit: Concept Consult Architectes Sàrl, Lausanne

Heating Energy 8,8 kWh/(m2*yr) Final Energy 73,2 kWh/(m2*yr)

Cooling Energy 8,5 kWh/(m2*yr) Primary Energy 191,3 kWh/(m2*yr)

Electricity 55,9 kWh/(m2*yr) CO2 Emissions 29,0 kg/(m2yr)

Construction cost 2.336 CHF/m2


MINERGIE-ECO®

Construction Well insulated walls, roof and floor slab



Building services Intensive daylight use

Heat recovery from chiller and steam condensate

Cooling from available river water

Building owner CPW SA, Lausanne

Architect Concept Consult Architectes Sàrl, Lausanne




April 26th, 2012/V1-1

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Concordia College ‘BioHaus’, Bemidji (MN), USA

Use The ‘BioHaus’ at German Language Village serves as a residential

facility for students of the German language, from all over the

world. As an educational facility for environmental studies and a

model for sustainable building construction it provides room for

language study and learning about sustainable activities.


Web www.waldseebiohaus.typepad.com

Useable area 4.000 ft2

Climate classification Very cold winter, warm summer

with some humidity



Photo credit: Intep – Integrated Planning LLC Photo credit: John Gregor Coldsnap


Electricity 17,7 kWh/(m2yr) Primary Energy 83,0 kWh/(m2yr)


Construction cost 2.410 EUR/m2

Certification system Passive House Standard

Construction High insulation at walls, roof and floor slab (use of Vacuum in-

sulation panels in walls and roof)



Building services Ventilation system with soil-to-air heat exchanger

Solar collectors for heating and hot water

Heat pump with ground source

Building owner Concordia College, Moorhead, MN

Architect Intep – Integrated Planning LLC, Minneapolis, MN




April 26th, 2012/V1-1

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Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability (CIRS), Vancouver, Canada

Use Centre for Interactive Research on Sustainability (CIRS) is a multi-

use space with facilities designed to encourage human interac-

tion, explore new approaches and advance globally-significant

sustainability research. The Science and Technology commons,

comprised of an entry lobby and a four-story atrium.


Web http://cirs.ubc.ca/building


Climate classification Moderate winter, cool sommer

with high humidity



Photo credit: Don Erhardt, University of British Columbia Photo credit: Don Erhardt, University of British Columbia


Electricity 46,6 kWh/(m2*yr) Primary Energy 76,0 kWh/(m2*yr)


Construction cost 6.491 $CAD/m2


Living Building Challenge (LBC)


Windows with double glazing and low-e coating

Exterior shading devices with photovoltaics

Building services Waste heat recovery from adjacent building

Heat pump with 30 geo-exchange wells

Displacement ventilation and natural cross ventilation

Building owner UBC Properties Trust, Vancouver

Architect Busby Perkins + Will, Vancouver




April 26th, 2012/V1-1

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Oregon Sustainability Center, Portland (OR), USA

Use The Oregon Sustainability Center will be home to Oregon's leaders

in sustainable business, government, and education. It will act as

a laboratory for green technology regionally and globally.


Web www.oregonsustainabilitycenter.org

Useable area 222.800 ft2

Climate classification Moderate winter, cool sommer

with high humidity



Photo Credit: Portland Development Commission Photo Credit: Portland Development Commission

Heating Energy - Final Energy 56,8 kWh/(m2*yr)

Electricity - Primary Energy 94,3 kWh/(m2*yr)


Construction cost -

Certification system Living Building Challenge



Intensive use of daylight

Natural ventilation

Building services Solar collectors for heating and hot water


Building integrated photovoltaics

Building owner Oregon University System, Portland (OR)

Architect GBD Architects, Portland (OR)




April 26th, 2012/V1-1

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Siemens plant Tenjo, Bogotà, Colombia

Use The Siemens plant in Tenjo is manufacturing various products.

This includes the assembly of transformers and electronics for

power transmission networks, electric motors and hearing aids.


Web www.siemens.com


Climate classification Equatorial climate with moderate

winters and summers



Photo Credit: Rugeles Durán Architectos Ltda Photo Credit: Siemens





Certification system LEED Gold


Intensive daylight use

Building services Ventilation system with heat exchanger

Solar collectors for hot water

Intelligent illumination system

Building owner Siemens Real Estate, Munich

Architect Rugeles Durán Architectos Ltda, Bogota




April 26th, 2012/V1-1

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Siemens Center Shanghai, China

Use The Siemens Center Shanghai accommodates the various Sie-

mens administrative and sales units for China. The office complex

with four buildings is located on a site in a key central location of

Shanghai.


Web www.realestate.siemens.com


Climate classification Cold winters and warm summers

with high humidity



Photo Credit: Siemens Photo Credit: Siemens





Certification system LEED Gold



Building services Energy-saving office lighting system

Ice storage cooling system

Dry cooling towers

Building owner Siemens Real Estate, Munich

Architect gmp Architects von Gerkan, Marg und Partner, Hamburg




April 26th, 2012/V1-1

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Pusat Tenaga Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Use The Pusat Tenaga Malaysia (PTM) Zero Energy Building is a pilot

project and a research laboratory for sustainable non-domestic

buildings in the tropics.


Web www.futurarc.com/previous_edition/zeroenergy.cfm


Climate Zone Equatorial climate, with high temper-

atures and very high humidity

Heating degree days 0 Kd

Cooling degree days 2.659 Kd

Photo Credit: Pusat Tenaga Malaysia-PTM Photo Credit: Pusat Tenaga Malaysia-PTM




Construction cost -

Certification system Net Zero Energy Building

GBI Certified Buildings

Construction Well insulated walls and roof and floor slab


Intensive daylight use

Building services Solar collectors for heating and hot water


Photovoltaics

Concrete slab cooling

Building owner Malaysia Energy Centre (Pusat Tenaga Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur

Architect Ruslan Khalid Associates, Kuala Lumpur




April 26th, 2012/V1-1

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BCA Zero Energy Building, Singapore

Use The Zero Energy Building (ZEB) retrofitted from an existing build-

ing. Converted from a three-storey former workshop, Zero Energy

Building houses offices, classrooms and a resource centre. The

building is also a test-bedding centre for new innovations in green

building technology.


Web www.bca.gov.sg/zeb


Climate Zone Equatorial climate, with high temper-

atures and very high humidity

Heating degree days 0 Kd

Cooling degree days 2.850 Kd

Photo Credit: Building Construction Authority, Singapore Photo Credit: Building Construction Authority, Singapore




Construction cost -

Certification system Net Zero Energy Building

Green Mark Platinum

Construction Well insulated walls and roof

Light Pipes and Light Shelves


Building services Efficient Chiller Plants & Cooling Towers

Photovoltaics

Displacement ventilation

Building owner Building Construction Authority, Singapore

Architects -

Intep

Integrale Planung GmbH

Innere Wiener Str. 11a

D-81667 Munich

T +49 (0)89 459 949 0

F +49 (0)89 459 949 10

Intep


Valentinskamp 24

D-20354 Hamburg

T +49 (0)40 311 12 212

F +49 (0)40 311 12 200

Intep


Dufourstr. 105

CH-8008 Zurich

T +41 (0)43 488 38 90

F +41 (0)43 488 38 99

Intep


Bahnhofstr. 8

CH-9000 St. Gall

T +41 (0)71 540 38 90

F +41 (0)71 540 38 99

Intep

Integrated Planning LLC

212 2nd St. SE, Suite 222

Minneapolis, MN 55414

USA

T +1 612 339 5515

www.intep.com

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