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Endocrine System
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Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.

Jan 21, 2016

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Page 1: Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.

Endocrine System

Page 2: Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.

What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a lumen/duct

Page 3: Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.

Functions of Endocrine System Secrete hormones that coordinate and

direct activities of target cells/organs Regulates mood, growth, development,

metabolism, sexual function, reproduction, blood pressure, heart rate

Most systems are under combined control of endocrine and nervous systems

Page 4: Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.

Negative Feedback Loops Endocrine system operates under negative

feedback mechanisms

- think about your home’s thermostat and furnace

Page 5: Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.

Requirements for feedback Hormone – chemical released from

endocrine gland that exerts effect elsewhere

Target- cell that responds to hormone

- must have receptor for hormone

- number of receptors on target cells are in state of flux

Page 6: Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.
Page 7: Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.

Hormones Three categories of hormones1. Proteins:-freely circulate in blood-available for use quickly, short lasting effects2. Amines3. Steroids: -Require special transport proteins-unavailable when bound-allows for a gradual, longer term response

Page 8: Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.

Nervous System Control: Adrenal Medula can be stimulated to

release hormones by sympathetic nervous system

Example: releases epinephrine (adrenalin

Page 9: Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.
Page 10: Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.

Pituitary Gland Know as the master gland Major influencer of body activities Stimulated to release hormones by the

hypothalamus

Page 11: Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.

Thyroid Gland Butterfly shaped gland; sits inferior to

cricoid cartilage Very vascular and rich in blood supply Secretes three hormones

-Triliodothyronine (T3)

-Thyroxine (T4)

-Calcitonin

Page 12: Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.
Page 13: Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.

Parathyroid: Four glands found on posterior thyroid

gland Secretes hormone parathyroid Involved in calcium metabolism

Page 14: Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.

Thymus Gland Endocrine and lymphatic organ Secretes hormone thymosin Stimulates production of lymphocytes

Page 15: Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.

Adrenal Glands Located on top of the kidneys Contains two regions:

1. Medulla

- Norepinephrine – greatest effect is to cause vasoconstiction of blood vessels

-increases blood pressure

Page 16: Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.
Page 17: Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.

Adrenal Glands2. cortex 1. (release of corticoids – steriod hormones) 2. glucocorticoids – mediates inflammation

process and reduces pain 3. androgens – male sex hormones; secreted

in both men and women-post menopause women may develop some male

characteristics-levels are masked by gonads

Page 18: Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.

Gonads Sex glands Females produce estrogen and

progesterone Testosterone causes development of male

reproductive organs

Page 19: Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.

Pancreas Endocrine and exocrine gland located

behind the stomach Exocrine – secrete digestive enzymes into

duodenum Endocrine – regulate glucose metabolism

-regulates own function through paracrine signaling

Page 20: Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.
Page 21: Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.

Islets of Langerhans Contain endocrine cells of pancreas Alpha (A)- cells secrete glucagon Beta (B) cell secrete insulin

Page 22: Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.

Pineal Gland Releases melatonin; causes sleepiness Assists with temperature regulation Involved in mood regulation

- possibly linked to depression

Stimulated by level of light input

Page 23: Endocrine System. What is a gland? Gland is a organ that produces secretion Endocrine glands secrete into blood stream Endocrine glands secrete into a.