Elementary School Level Glossary - New York University · adults dewasa aerial photographs gambar udara AFL-CIO . AFL-CIO : Africa . Afrika : agriculture pertanian ... legends . legenda

Elementary School Level

Glo

ssar

y Social Studies Glossary

English / Malay

Translation of Social Studies terms based on the Coursework for Social Studies Grades 3 to 5.

Word-for-word glossaries are used for testing accommodations for ELL/LEP students

Updated March 2018

THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234

THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT / THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK / ALBANY, NY 12234

P-16 Office of Elementary, Middle, Secondary and Continuing Education and Office of Higher Education

Office of Bilingual Education and World Languages http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/biling/

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

Regents of The University

BETTY A. ROSA, Chancellor, B.A., M.S. in Ed., M.S. in Ed., M.Ed., Ed.D. ................. Bronx T. ANDREW BROWN, Vice Chancellor, B.A., J.D. ........................................................... Rochester ROGER TILLES, B.A., J.D. ................................................................................................. Great Neck LESTER W. YOUNG, JR., B.S., M.S., Ed.D. . ...................................................................... Beechhurst CHRISTINE D. CEA, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. . ........................................................................... Staten Island WADE S. NORWOOD, B.A. ............................................................................................... Rochester KATHLEEN M. CASHIN, B.S., M.S., Ed.D. ...................................................................... Brooklyn JAMES E. COTTRELL, B.S., M.D. ....................................................................................... New York JOSEPHINE VICTORIA FINN, B.A., J.D. .............................................................................. Monticello JUDITH CHIN, M.S. in Ed. ............................................................................................... Little Neck BEVERLY L. OUDERKIRK, B.S. in Ed., M.S. in Ed. ........................................................... Morristown CATHERINE COLLINS, R.N., N.P., B.S., M.S. in Ed., Ed.D. ............................................ Buffalo JUDITH JOHNSON, B.A., M.A., C.A.S. ............................................................................. New Hempstead NAN EILEEN MEAD, B.A. ................................................................................................ Manhattan ELIZABETH S. HAKANSON, A.S., M.S., C.A.S. ................................................................ Syracuse LUIS O. REYES, B.A., M.A., Ph.D. ................................................................................... New York SUSAN W. MITTLER, B.S., M.S. ....................................................................................... Ithaca Commissioner of Education and President of The University MARYELLEN ELIA Executive Deputy Commissioner ELIZABETH R. BERLIN The State Education Department does not discriminate on the basis of age, color, religion, creed, disability, marital status, veteran status, national origin, race, gender, genetic predisposition or carrier status, or sexual orientation in its educational programs, services and activities. Portions of this publication can be made available in a variety of formats, including braille, large print or audio tape, upon request. Inquiries concerning this policy of nondiscrimination should be directed to the Department’s Office for Diversity and Access, Room 530, Education Building, Albany, NY 12234.

http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/biling/

SOCIAL STUDIES GLOSSARY – ELEMENTARY SCHOOL LEVEL

NYS Statewide Language RBERN 1

ENGLISH MALAY

A

A.D. A.D. abilities kebolehan absence of government ketiadaan kerajaan absentee ballot undi yang tidak hadir accomplishments pencapaian achievements pencapaian acid rain hujan asid across time and place merentasi masa dan tempat action plan pelan tindakan activities aktiviti adults dewasa aerial photographs gambar udara AFL-CIO AFL-CIO Africa Afrika agriculture pertanian Algonquians Algonquians alike/different sama/berbeza allegiance kesetiaan alternative solutions penyelesaian alternatif altiplano altiplano altitude ketinggian amendment pindaan American democracy: ideals, values/principles of

Demokrasi Amerika: ideal, nilai/prinsip daripada

American Revolution, the Americas Revolusi Amerika, Amerika Americas Amerika ancestor leluhur Antarctic Circle Bulatan Antartika Antarctica Antartika anthem lagu kebangsaan appoint melantik appointed leaders pemimpin yang dilantik appointed office pejabat yang dilantik archaeologists ahli arkeologi Arctic Circle Bulatan Artik areas kawasan-kawasan arid gersang art seni artifacts artifak assembly perhimpunan



ENGLISH MALAY assembly line garisan pemasangan authority kuasa autobiographies autobiografi autobiography autobiografi automobiles kereta availability ketersediaan avenues of participation saluran penyertaan Aztecs Aztec

B

B.C. B.C. backgrounds latar belakang barter barter basic asas basin lembangan Battle of Quebec Pertempuran Quebec battles pertempuran before/after sebelum/selepas belief kepercayaan belief system sistem kepercayaan beliefs kepercayaan Bill of Rights Rang Undang-Undang Hak biographies biografi biography biografi bodies of water badan air border sempadan Boston Tea Party Boston Tea Party boundary sempadan boycott boikot branches of government cawangan kerajaan British North America Act Akta Amerika Utara British budget bajet

C

cabinet kabinet cable kabel calendar kalendar campaign kempen Canada Kanada Canadian Bill of Rights Rang Undang-undang Hak Kanada canal terusan capital (state and money) modal (negeri dan wang)



ENGLISH MALAY capital goods barang modal capital resources sumber modal capitalism kapitalisme cardinal directions arahan kardinal cause sebab celebrate meraikan celebration perayaan celebrations perayaan census bancian Central America Amerika Tengah century abad change ubah checks and balances semak dan imbangan child labor Buruh kanak-kanak children kanak-kanak Chippewa Chippewa choice pilihan choices pilihan citizen warganegara citizenship kewarganegaraan civic life kehidupan sivik civic values nilai sivik civil rights hak sivil civil rights movement pergerakan hak sivil civil wars perang saudara civilization tamadun civilizations tamadun clans klan classroom bilik darjah climate iklim clothing pakaian collect taxes mengutip cukai colonial penjajah colonial governments kerajaan penjajah colonies koloni colonists penjajah colony koloni Committees of Correspondence Jawatankuasa Surat Menyurat common good kebaikan bersama commonwealth persekutuan Commonwealth of Nations Komanwel Bangsa-Bangsa



ENGLISH MALAY communication komunikasi communism komunisme communities komuniti community komuniti community service khidmat masyarakat compact padat compare/contrast bandingkan/kontras compass kompas compromise kompromi compulsory education pendidikan wajib computer komputer confederacy konfederasi conflict konflik conflict resolution penyelesaian konflik conflicts konflik congress kongres conquistador conquistador consequences akibatnya conservation pemuliharaan consideration pertimbangan Constitution of the State of New York Perlembagaan Negeri New York Constitution of the United States Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat constitutional democracy demokrasi perlembagaan consumer pengguna consumers pengguna consumption penggunaan consumption of goods penggunaan barang continent benua Continental Congress Kongres Continental Continental Divide Pembahagian Continental continents benua contour kontur contrast kontras contributions sumbangan cooperation kerjasama costs kos cotton belt tali pinggang kapas credit kredit criteria kriteria cultural characteristics ciri budaya cultural contributions sumbangan budaya



ENGLISH MALAY cultural differences perbezaan budaya cultural diffusion penyebaran budaya cultural diversity kepelbagaian budaya cultural groups kumpulan kebudayaan culture budaya cultures - characteristics, distribution, complexity of budaya - ciri, pengedaran, kerumitan

currency mata wang customs kastam

D

day hari De Witt Clinton De Witt Clinton decade dekad decision keputusan decision-making membuat keputusan decisions keputusan declaration pengisytiharan Declaration of Independence Pengisytiharan kemerdekaan delta delta democracy demokrasi Democratic Party parti Demokratik democratic principles prinsip demokrasi democratic values nilai demokrasi developed nations negara maju developing nations negara-negara membangun developments perkembangan diagram rajah diagrams gambar rajah dictatorship kediktatoran different/same berbeza/sama direction arah diseases penyakit display paparan disputes pertikaian distance jarak distribution pengedaran diverse pelbagai diversity kepelbagaian document dokumen due process proses sewajarnya



ENGLISH MALAY Dutch colonies Koloni Belanda Dutch West India Company Syarikat Hindia Belanda Barat

E

earn dapatkan Earth’s surface Permukaan bumi economic ekonomi economic capital modal ekonomi economic concepts konsep ekonomi economic decision making membuat keputusan ekonomi economic decisions keputusan ekonomi economic development perkembangan ekonomi economic factors faktor ekonomi economic growth perkembangan ekonomi economic interdependence ketergantungan ekonomi economic systems sistem ekonomi economics ekonomi economies ekonomi effects kesan elect memilih elected leaders pemimpin yang dipilih elected office pejabat yang dipilih election pilihan raya Ellis Island Pulau Ellis emigrants pendatang empathy empati employee pekerja employer majikan encomienda system sistem encomienda encounter pertemuan enforce menguatkuasakan English colonies Jajahan Inggeris environment persekitaran environmental factors faktor persekitaran equality kesaksamaan equality of opportunity kesamaan peluang era zaman eras zaman ethnic etnik ethnic group kumpulan etnik ethnicity etnik



ENGLISH MALAY Europe Eropah European encounter and exchanges - of technologies, plants, animals, diseases

Pertemuan dan pertukaran Eropah - teknologi, tumbuhan, haiwan, penyakit

events peristiwa exchange pertukaran executive eksekutif executive branch of government cawangan eksekutif kerajaan expansion pengembangan exploitation eksploitasi exploration penerokaan explorers penjelajah exports eksport

F

facilities kemudahan fact/opinion fakta/pendapat factors of production faktor produksi factory kilang family keluarga far/near jauh/dekat federal persekutuan federal government kerajaan persekutuan festival perayaan festivals perayaan flag bendera folktale cerita rakyat folktales cerita rakyat food makanan forced relocation pemindahan paksa foreign policy dasar luar foreign relations hubungan luar negara Fort Orange Fort Orange foundation asas free enterprise perusahaan percuma free trade perdagangan bebas freedom kebebasan French Canadians Orang Perancis Kanada French colonies Koloni perancis frontier sempadan functions of government fungsi kerajaan fundamental economic questions soalan ekonomi asas



ENGLISH MALAY fundamental values nilai asas future masa depan

G

game permainan gender jantina generation generasi geographic characteristics ciri geografi geographic factors faktor geografi geographic features ciri geografi geographic features/areas ciri/kawasan geografi geographic information maklumat geografi geography geografi geological processes proses geologi global warming pemanasan global globe dunia globes dunia goods and services - production, distribution, exchange, consumption of

barang dan perkhidmatan - pengeluaran, pengedaran, pertukaran, penggunaan

goods barangan govern memerintah governance tadbir urus government kerajaan Great Depression Kemurungan Besar grid grid Gross Domestic Product Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar Gross National Product Keluaran Negara Kasar groups kumpulan growth pertumbuhan Gulf Stream Gulf Stream

H

habitat habitat Haudenosaunee Haudenosaunee health kesihatan hemisphere hemisfera historic events peristiwa bersejarah historical sejarah historical evidence bukti sejarah historical narratives naratif sejarah history sejarah



ENGLISH MALAY

Holidays ( Columbus Day, Election Day, Veterans Day, Thanksgiving, New Years Day, Dr. Martin Luther King Day, Presidents Day, Memorial Day, Flag Day)

Cuti (Hari Columbus, Hari Pemilihan, Hari Veteran, Kesyukuran, Hari Tahun Baru, Hari Martin Luther King, Hari Presiden, Hari Memorial, Hari Bendera)

home rumah hopes harapan House of Representatives Dewan Rakyat human manusia human capital modal insan human migration penghijrahan manusia human migrations penghijrahan manusia human resources sumber Manusia human rights hak manusia human settlements penempatan manusia human systems sistem manusia

I

ideals of American democracy cita demokrasi Amerika ideas idea identity identiti immigrants pendatang immigration imigresen important penting imports import inaugurated confederation persekutuan yang dirasmikan Incas Inca income pendapatan indentured servant hamba yang diindentifikasi independence kebebasan indigenous peoples orang asli individual individu individual rights hak individu individual rights to life, liberty, pursuit of happiness. hak individu untuk hidup, kebebasan, mengejar kebahagiaan.

individuals individu industrial expansion pengembangan industri industrial growth pertumbuhan perindustrian industrial growth/expansion pertumbuhan/pengembangan industri Industrial Revolution Revolusi Perindustrian industrialization perindustrian industry industri



ENGLISH MALAY inhabitants penduduk interdependence saling bergantung interdependent saling bergantung international organizations organisasi antarabangsa interpret law mentafsir undang-undang interpret laws mentafsirkan undang-undang interpretations tafsiran Inuits Inuits invention ciptaan inventions ciptaan Iroquois Iroquois Iroquois Confederacy Konfederasi Iroquois irrigation pengairan issues isu isthmus isthmus

J

judgments penghakiman judicial kehakiman judicial branch of government cawangan kehakiman kerajaan judicial branch cawangan kehakiman junta junta jury juri jury service perkhidmatan juri justice keadilan

K - L

kindergarten tadika labor buruh labor force tenaga buruh labor movement pergerakan buruh labor union Persatuan Pekerja land formations pembentukan tanah land masses jisim tanah languages bahasa Latin America Amerika Latin latitude latitud laws undang-undang laws/rules undang-undang/peraturan leaders pemimpin League of Nations Liga Bangsa-Bangsa learn belajar



ENGLISH MALAY legal undang-undang legends legenda legislative branch cawangan perundangan legislative branch of government cawangan perundangan kerajaan legislature badan perundangan liberty kebebasan library perpustakaan library resources sumber perpustakaan life kehidupan lifestyle cara hidup like/dislike suka/tidak suka limited terhad limited resources sumber yang terhad limited/unlimited terhad/tidak terhad local tempatan local government kerajaan tempatan local region kawasan tempatan location lokasi lock kunci locomotive lokomotif long ago suatu masa dahulu longhouse rumah panjang longitude longitud loyalist setiausaha loyalty kesetiaan

M

maize jagung majority rule peraturan majoriti make laws membuat undang-undang manor manor manufacture pembuatan manufacturing pembuatan maps peta markets pasaran mass starvation kelaparan massa Mayas Maya Mayflower Compact Mayflower Compact megalopolis megalopolis member ahli memorials peringatan



ENGLISH MALAY merchant pedagang meridians meridian Midwest Midwest migration penghijrahan migration/immigration penghijrahan/imigresen millennium milenium millennia millennia mining perlombongan minority rights, respect for hak minoriti, menghormati minutemen minutemen Mississippi River Sungai Mississippi modernization pemodenan modify ubah suai monarchy monarki money wang months bulan monument monumen monuments monumen motives motif movement of people and goods pergerakan orang dan barangan multicultural pelbagai budaya myself saya sendiri myths mitos

N

NAFTA NAFTA nation bangsa national nasional national level of governments peringkat kebangsaan kerajaan nation-state bangsa-negara Native American Indian India Asli India Native American Indians Indian Amerika Asli natural resources sumber semula jadi near/far dekat/jauh needs keperluan neighborhood kejiranan neutral neutral New Amsterdam New Amsterdam New Netherlands New Netherlands northwest passage laluan barat laut now sekarang



ENGLISH MALAY nuclear family keluarga nuklear

O

OAS OAS objects objek oceans lautan oligarchy oligarki opportunity cost kos peluang oral history sejarah lisan others lain-lain

P

parallel selari parallels paralel parent ibu bapa Parliament Parlimen participatory skills kemahiran penyertaan past masa lalu past/present masa lalu/sekarang patriot patriot patriotism patriotisme patriotisms patriotisme patriots patriot patroon patroon people orang person orang perspectives perspektif Peter Stuyvesant Peter Stuyvesant petition petisyen physical fizikal physical characteristics ciri fizikal physical environment persekitaran fizikal physical feature ciri fizikal physical features ciri-ciri fizikal physical map peta fizikal physical setting tetapan fizikal physical systems sistem fizikal places tempat plan pelan pledge ikrar Pledge of Allegiance Ikrar Kesetiaan points of view sudut pandangan



ENGLISH MALAY political politik political boundaries sempadan politik political map peta politik political party parti politik political power kuasa politik political systems sistem politik pollution pencemaran population penduduk population density kepadatan penduduk population distribution taburan penduduk population movement - rural to urban to suburban - 20th century

pergerakan penduduk - pedalaman ke bandar ke pinggir bandar - abad ke-20

power kuasa practices amalan prairies padang rumput Preamble to the Constitution Mukadimah kepada Perlembagaan present sekarang president presiden Prime Meridian Perdana Meridian Prime Minister Perdana Menteri principles of democracy prinsip demokrasi problem solving penyelesaian masalah problems masalah producers pengeluar production pengeluaran productivity produktiviti products produk profit keuntungan projects projek property harta protect melindungi protests bantahan province wilayah public benefit faedah awam public education pendidikan awam purpose of government tujuan kerajaan pursuit of happiness mengejar kebahagiaan



ENGLISH MALAY

Q - R

quantities kuantiti race bangsa radios radio railroad kereta api rain forest hutan hujan raw material bahan mentah reason sebab receipts resit recycling kitar semula reference books buku rujukan reform pembaharuan region rantau regions kawasan relationships hubungan relief (physical) map peta pelepasan (fizikal) religion agama religious agama renewable resource sumber yang boleh diperbaharui repeal pemansuhan representation perwakilan representative wakil representatives wakil republic republik Republican Party Parti Republikan reservation tempahan resources sumber respect menghormati responsibilities tanggungjawab revolution revolusi Richard Nicholls Richard Nicholls rights hak Robert Fulton Robert Fulton role peranan roles peranan roles of citizens peranan rakyat roots of American culture akar budaya Amerika rules peraturan rural luar bandar rural to urban to suburban migration luar bandar ke bandar ke penghijrahan pinggir bandar



ENGLISH MALAY

S

sachem sachem safeguarding individual liberties melindungi kebebasan individu safety keselamatan same/different sama/berbeza satellite-produced images imej yang dihasilkan oleh satelit satisfy memuaskan hati scale skala scarce resources sumber yang terhad scarcity kekurangan school sekolah science and technology Sains dan teknologi scientific/technological exchanges and connections pertukaran dan perhubungan saintifik/teknologi

seaways seaways secondary source sumber sekunder security keselamatan self diri sendiri selling menjual Senate of the United States Senat Amerika Syarikat separatists pemisah services perkhidmatan settle selesaikan settlement penyelesaian settlements penempatan settler peneroka shape bentuk shelter tempat perlindungan similarities/differences persamaan/perbezaan slave hamba slave trade perdagangan hamba slavery perhambaan social sosial social/cultural changes and connections perubahan dan sambungan sosial/budaya socialism sosialisme societies masyarakat society masyarakat solutions penyelesaian solving problems menyelesaikan masalah songs lagu-lagu



ENGLISH MALAY Sons of Liberty Anak-anak Kebebasan South America Amerika Selatan Spanish colonies Koloni Sepanyol spatial organization organisasi spatial speeches ucapan standard of living taraf hidup stars and stripes bintang dan jalur state negeri state government kerajaan negeri Statue of Liberty Patung Kebebasan steamboat steamboat steamboats steamboat stock market pasaran saham stories cerita strategy strategi strengths kekuatan strike mogok student rights hak pelajar suburban pinggir bandar suburbs pinggir bandar subways kereta bawah tanah suffrage hak pilih supply and demand bekalan dan permintaan supply and demand 4 symbols bekalan dan permintaan 4 simbol Supreme Court Mahkamah Agung surplus lebihan symbolize melambangkan symbols simbol systems sistem

T

tables jadual tariff tarif tax cukai taxes cukai teach mengajar teacher guru technological teknologi technologies - exchanges of teknologi - pertukaran mata wang technology teknologi telegraph telegraf



ENGLISH MALAY television televisyen tenant farmer petani penyewa themes tema then/now kemudian/sekarang time masa time zones zon masa timeline garis masa today hari ini tolerance toleransi tomorrow esok tools alat towpath towpath trade perdagangan traditions tradisi traffic lights lampu isyarat trains kereta api traitor pengkhianat transmit menghantar transportation pengangkutan transportation revolution revolusi pengangkutan treaty perjanjian trends trend tribe suku tributaries anak sungai Tropic of Capricorn Tropic of Capricorn Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Cancer trucks trak truth kebenaran tundra tundra turning points mata yang berubah-ubah turnpike tolakan

U

unify menyatukan unions kesatuan unique unik unite bersatu United Nations Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu United States of America Amerika Syarikat unlimited tidak terhad unlimited needs and wants keperluan dan keinginan yang tidak terhad



ENGLISH MALAY up/down atas/bawah urban bandar urbanization pembandaran uses of geography kegunaan geografi

V

values nilai-nilai veteran veteran veto veto village kampung vote undi voting mengundi

W

wampum wampum wants mahu war perang war strategy strategi perang water masses jisim air weaknesses kelemahan week minggu Western Hemisphere Hemisfera Barat westward expansion pengembangan ke arah barat wigwam wigwam work kerja worker pekerja world bank bank dunia world in spatial terms dunia dalam istilah spasial writings tulisan

Y

year tahun yesterday semalam

Elementary School Level Glossary - New York University · adults dewasa aerial photographs gambar udara AFL-CIO . AFL-CIO : Africa . Afrika : agriculture pertanian ... legends . legenda

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