Electric Vehicle :Literature Review

• Auto 480 Ryan Walkington 4/27/14

o Infrastructure Improvements o Grid Demand o Smart Grid o Benefits o Fuel Costs o Lower Maintenance o Cleaner o Current Vehicles o Tesla Model S o Nissan Leaf o Advancements o Gigafactory o New Li-ion Grid Demand 96,000 Electric Vehicles in 2013 Up 84% from 2012 Level 2 Charger alone is equal to energy requirement for normal house. Smart Grid Decentralized Device Automaton Algorithm Urgent or Non-Urgent Charging Modes Fuel Costs At least 20-40% reduction Much more predictable than oil prices Wont be affected by fluctuations in oil prices Lower Maintenance Many normal service items not required on electric vehicles 35% cheaper maintenance- Institute of Automobile Economincs. Study performed by University of Economics and the Environment in Germany. Cleaner No direct vehicle emissions. No greenhouse gases (GHG). More efficient. Tesla Model S 85 kWh performance model. 300 miles per charge. 416 hp electric motor. 4.2s 0-60 Nissan Leaf $28,000 107 hp 75 miles per charge 62,000 sold 4 hour 0 to 80% time Tesla Gigafactory More lithium ion batteries than entire world in 2013. Lower per kWh cost by more than 30%. Large enough to produce batteries for 500,000 Teslas by 2020. New Li-Ion Battery University of Illinois. 2,000 times more powerful. 1,000 times faster recharge. 3D anode and cathode. 30 times smaller than currrent batteries.