EDC Lab I Manuals

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P-N JUNCTION DIODE CHARACTERISTICS

AIM:1. To study the forward and reverse characteristics of a PN junction diode.2. To find cut-in voltage, static resistance, dynamic resistance and reverse resistance.

APPARATUS: 1. Bread Board. 2. DC Regulated Power Supply (0-30V/1A). 3. Diode 1N4007 (1No’s). 4. Resistors with ±10% tolerance (1/2W):- 1K(1No’s). 5. DC Ammeter 0-200mA (1No’s), 0-200µA(1No’s). 6. DC Voltmeter 0-20V (1No’s). 7. Connecting Wires

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS: Forward Bias:

Reverse Bias:

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PROCEDURE:

Forward Bias: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram shown in Fig 1. 2. Vary the input voltage from (0-10V) in small steps and note down the

corresponding forward voltage (Vf) in volts across the diode and

forward current (If) in mA readings and tabulate.

3. Plot a graph by taking (Vf) in volts on X-axis and (If) in mA on Y-axis. 4. Calculate the cut-in-voltage from the graph.

5. Calculate the static resistance by using the formula = Vf / If in ohms.

6. Calculate the dynamic resistance by using the formula = ΔVf / ΔIf in ohms.

Reverse Bias:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram shown in Fig 2. 2. Vary the input voltage from (0-10V) in small steps and note down the

corresponding reverse voltage (Vr) in volts across the diode and

reverse current (Ir) in µA readings and tabulate.

3. Plot a graph by taking (Vr) in volts on X-axis and (Ir) in mA on Y-axis.

4. Calculate the reverse resistance by using the formula = Vr / Ir in ohms.

EXPECTED GRAPH:

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OBSERVATIONS:

Forward Bias:

Reverse Bias:

PRECAUTIONS:1) Check up the connections made on the board to avoid open and short circuits.2) Connections should be made properly.

RESULT: The forward and reverse characteristics of a PN junction diode are studied and observed.

1) Cut-in-Voltage. =_________2) Static Resistance. =_________3) Dynamic Resistance. =_________4) Reverse Resistance. =__________

REVIEW QUESTION:1) In forward bias characteristic change the resistance value to 2KΩ and observe the

drop across the resistor for all values of input voltage.2) Sum up the drops across the diode and resistor and verify is it equivalent to the

input voltage or not.

CONCLUSIONS: (To be written by the student after completion of the experiment with review questions.)

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S.No Diode voltage Vf (V) Diode current If (mA)

S.No Diode voltage Vr (V) Diode current Ir(A)

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ZENER DIODE CHARACTERISTICS

AIM: To study and observe the V-I Characteristics of a Zener diode.

APPARATUS: 1. Bread Board. 2. DC Regulated Power Supply (0-30V/1A). 3. Zener Diode Z5.1V (1No’s). 4. Resistors with ±10% tolerance (1/2W):- 1K(1No’s). 5. DC Ammeter 0-200mA (1No’s). 6. DC Voltmeter 0-20V (1No’s). 7. Connecting Wires.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE :

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram shown above.

2. Vary the input voltage from (0-30V) in small steps and note down the

corresponding voltage (Vr) in volts across the diode and current (Ir) in mAreadings and tabulate.

3. Plot a graph by taking (Vr) in volts on X-axis and (Ir) in mA on Y-axis.

4. Calculate the Zener break down voltage (Vz) in volts from the graph.

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5. Calculate the reverse resistance by using the formula = Vr / Ir in ohms.

EXPECTED GRAPH:

OBSERVATIONS:


RESULT: The V-I characteristics of a Zener diode are studied and observed.

1) Break down voltage. =_________ 2) Reverse Resistance. =__________

REVIEW QUESTION:

1) Repeat the procedure of 1st experiment as forward bias with zener diode and observe the difference between silicon diode and zener diode.


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S.No Diode voltage Vr (V) Diode current Ir (mA)

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RECTIFIERS WITH OUT FILTERSAIM: To study the rectifiers with out filters and determine the parameters.

1. Ripple Factor.2. Percentage of Regulation for Half Wave and Full Wave Rectifiers.

APPARATUS:1. Bread Board.2. 230V AC (12-0-12V) Transformer (1No’s).3. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (0-20MHZ).4. Digital Multi Meter (1No’s).5. DC Ammeter 0-200mA (1No’s).6. Diodes 1N 4007 (2No’s).7. Decade Resistance box (1No’s).8. Connecting Wires.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS: Half wave Rectifier:

Full wave Rectifier:

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PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram shown in fig 1.

2. In each Fig. measure the DC current with ammeter and DC voltage, AC voltageand DC– no load voltage with the help of multi meter for different load resistances.

3. With the help of CRO observe the wave forms and note the value of (Vm) andwave form also.

4. Plot a graph by taking (Vm) in volts on Y-axis and time period on X-axis.

5. Calculate the value of ripple factor by using the formula r = Vac / Vdc.

6. Calculate the percentage of regulation by using the formula = VNL - VFL ×100% VFL

7. Repeat the same procedure for the circuit shown in fig 2 for full wave rectifier.

EXPECTED GRAPH:

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OBSERVATIONS:

Half wave Rectifier:

S.No Resistance(Ω) Idc(mA) Vac (V) Vdc (V) RippleFactor r = Vac / Vdc




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RESULT:The output waveforms have been observed and the ripple factor, percentage of

regulation of a half wave and full wave rectifiers with out filters have been calculated.

a) Half wave Rectifier with out filter:1) Ripple factor. =________2) Percentage of regulation. =_________

b) Full wave Rectifier with out filter:1) Ripple factor. =________2) Percentage of regulation. =_________

REVIEW QUESTION:1) Repeat the experiment by reversing the diodes in full wave and half wave

rectifiers. And give the comments on both experiments.


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RECTIFIERS WITH FILTERSAIM: To study the rectifiers with filters and determine the parameters.

1. Ripple Factor.2. Percentage of Regulation for Half Wave and Full Wave Rectifiers.

APPARATUS:1. Bread Board.2. 230V AC (12-0-12V) Transformer (1No’s).3. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (0-20MHZ).4. Digital Multi Meter (1No’s).5. DC Ammeter 0-200mA (1No’s).6. Diodes 1N 4007 (2No’s).7. Decade Resistance box (1No’s).8. Capacitors - 100µf/63V(1No’s). 9. Connecting Wires.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS: Half wave Rectifier:

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PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram shown in fig 1.

2. In each Fig. measure the DC current with ammeter and DC voltage, AC voltageand DC– no load voltage with the help of multi meter for different load resistances.

3. With the help of CRO observe the wave forms and note the value of (Vm) andwave form also.

4. Plot a graph by taking (Vm) in volts on Y-axis and time period on X-axis.

5. Calculate the value of ripple factor by using the formula r = Vac / Vdc.

6. calculate the percentage of regulation by using the formula = VNL - VFL ×100% VFL

7. Repeat the same procedure for the circuit shown in fig 2 for full wave rectifier.

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EXPECTED GRAPH:

OBSERVATIONS:

Half wave Rectifier:




PRECAUTIONS:

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1) Check up the connections made on the board to avoid open and short circuits.2) Connections should be made properly.

RESULT:The output waveforms have been observed and the ripple factor, percentage of

regulation of a half wave and full wave rectifiers with filters have been calculated.

a) Half wave Rectifier with filter:1) Ripple factor. =________2) Percentage of regulation. =_________

b) Full wave Rectifier with filter:1) Ripple factor. =________2) Percentage of regulation. =_________

REVIEW QUESTION:1) By changing the filter capacitor to 200µf (by connecting two 100µf in parallel)

Observe the ripple factor and percentage of regulation.


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COMMON BASE TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS

AIM: 1) To study the input and output characteristics of the CB Configuration. 2) To find input resistance and output resistance with the help of characteristics curves.

APPARATUS: 1. Bread Board. 2. DC Regulated Power Supply (0-30V/1A). 3. DC Ammeters 0-200mA (2No’s). 4. DC Voltmeters 0-20V (2No’s). 5. Resistors with ±10% tolerance (1/2W):– 1K (2No’s). 6. Transistor - BC107 (1No’s). 7. Connecting wires.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:

1. Connections are made as per the Circuit Diagram shown above.

For Input Characteristics:-

2. By varying the VCC, set the VCB = 2V and keep it as constant then vary the input voltage source VEE from (0-10V) in small steps and note down corresponding input voltage (VBE) in volts and input current (IE) in mA readings and tabulate.

3. Repeat the step – 2 for different values of VCB = 3 to 6V.

4. Plot a graph by taking the input voltage (VBE) in volts on X-axis and input current (IE) in mA on Y-axis.

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5. Calculate the input resistance by using the formula Ri = ΔVBE (VCB as Constant) ohms.

Δ IE

OBSERVATIONS:

EXPECTED GRAPH:

For output Characteristics:-

6. Keep Input Current IE = 2mA as constant by varying the Input voltage VEE and vary the output voltage source VCC from (0-10V) in small steps and note down corresponding output voltage (VCB) in volts and output current (IC) in mA readings and tabulate.

7. Repeat the step - 6 for different values of IE = 3 to 6mA.

8. Plot a graph by taking the output voltage (VCB) in volts on X-axis and output current (IC) in mA on Y-axis.

9. Calculate the output resistance by using the formula RO = ΔVCB (IE as Constant) ohms.

Δ IC

10. Calculate the current gain α = Δ I C

Δ IE

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S.No VCB = 2 V VCB = 4 V VCB = 6 VVBE(V) IE (mA) VBE(V) IE (mA) VBE(V) IE (mA)

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OBSERVATIONS:

S.No IE = 2 mA IE = 4 mA IE = 6 mAVCB(V) IC (mA) VCB(V) IC (mA) VCB(V) IC (mA)

EXPECTED GRAPH:

PRECAUTIONS: 1. Check the connections made on the board to avoid open and short circuits. 2. Connections should be made properly.

RESULT:The input and output parameters of a given transistor in common base mode havebeen measured and plotted.

i) Input resistance (Ri). = ________ii) Output resistance (Ro). = ________iii) Current gain (α). = ________

REVIEW QUESTION:1) Change R2 = 10KΩ and 100KΩ check the output characteristics.


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COMMON EMITTER TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS

AIM: 1) To study the input and output characteristics of the CE Configuration. 2) To find input resistance and output resistance with the help of characteristics curves.

APPARATUS: 1. Bread Board. 2. DC Regulated Power Supply (0-30V/1A). 3. DC Ammeters 0-200mA (1No’s), 0-200µA (1No’s). 4. DC Voltmeters 0-20V (2No’s). 5. Resistors with ±10% tolerance (1/2W):– 100K (1No’s),1K (1No’s). 6. Transistor - BC107 (1no’s). 7. Connecting wires.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:1. Connections are made as per the Circuit Diagram shown above.

For Input Characteristics:-2. By varying the VCC, set the VCE = 2V and keep it as constant then vary the input

voltage source VBB from (0-10V) in small steps and note down corresponding input voltage (VBE) in volts and input current (IB) in µA readings and tabulate.

3. Repeat the step – 2 for different values of VCE = 3 to 6V.

4. Plot a graph by taking the input voltage (VBE) in volts on X-axis and input current(IB) in µA on Y-axis.

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5. Calculate the input resistance by using the formulaRi = ΔVBE (VCE as Constant) ohms. Δ IB

OBSERVATIONS:

EXPECTED GRAPH:

For output Characteristics:-

6. Keep Input Current IB =10µA as constant by varying the Input voltage VBB andvary the output voltage source VCC from (0-10V) in small steps and note down corresponding output voltage (VCE) in volts and output current (IC) in mAreadings and tabulate.

7. Repeat the step - 6 for different values of IB = 20 to 40µA.

8. Plot a graph by taking the output voltage (VCE) in volts on X-axis andoutput current (IC) in mA on Y-axis.

9. Calculate the output resistance by using the formula RO = ΔVCE (IB as Constant) ohms.

Δ IC

10. Calculate the current gain β = Δ I C

Δ IB

OBSERVATIONS:

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S.No VCE = 2 V VCE = 4 V VCE = 6 VVBE(V) IB (µA) VBE(V) IB (µA) VBE(V) IB (µA)

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EXPECTED GRAPH:

PRECAUTIONS: 1. Check the connections made on the board to avoid open and short circuits.

2. Connections should be made properly.

RESULT: The input and output parameters of a given transistor in common emitter mode have

been measured and plotted. i) Input resistance (Ri). =_________ii) Output resistance (Ro). =________ iii) Current gain (β). = _________

REVIEW QUESTION:1) Add 100Ω resistance in the emitter to ground and check output characteristics.


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S.No IB = 10 µA IB = 20 µA IB = 40 µAVCE(V) IC (mA) VCE(V) IC (mA) VCE(V) IC (mA)

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FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR CHARACTERISTICS

AIM: To study the drain and transfer characteristics of a JFET.

APPARATUS: 1. Bread Board. 2. DC Regulated Power Supply (0-30V/1A). 3. DC Ammeters 0-200mA (1No’s). 4. DC Voltmeters 0-20V (2No’s). 5. Resistors with ±10% tolerance (1/2W):- 10K (1No’s),100 (1No’s). 6. FET – BFW11 (1No’s). 7. Connecting wires.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:


For Drain Characteristics:-

2. By varying the VGG, set the VGS = -0.5V and keep it as constant then vary the VDD

from (0-10V) in small steps and note down corresponding (VDS) in volts and (ID) in mA readings and tabulate.

3. Repeat the step – 2 for different values of VGS = -1 to -1.5V.

4. Plot a graph by taking the (VDS) in volts on X-axis and (ID) in mA on Y-axis.

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5. Calculate the drain resistance by using the formula.rd = ΔVDS (VGS as Constant) ohms.

Δ ID

OBSERVATIONS:

EXPECTED GRAPH:

For Transfer Characteristics:-

6. Keep the VDS = 1V as constant by varying the VDD and vary the VGG from (0-10V) in small steps and note down corresponding (VGS) in volts and (ID) in mA readings and tabulate.

7. Repeat the step - 6 for different values of VDS = 2 to 4V.

8. Plot a graph by taking the (VGS) in volts on X-axis and (ID) in mA on Y-axis.

9. Calculate the Transconductance by using the formulagm = Δ ID (VDS as Constant) mhos. Δ VGS

10. Calculate the Amplification factor µ = rd × gm

OBSERVATIONS:

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S.No VGS = -0.5V VGS = -1V VGS = -1.5 VVDS(V) ID (mA) VDS(V) ID (mA) VDS(V) ID (mA)

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EXPECTED GRAPH:

PRECAUTIONS: 1. Check the connections made on the board to avoid open and short circuits. 2. Connections should be made properly.

RESULT:The drain and transfer characteristics, Amplification factor of a JFET in common sourcemode have been measured and plotted.

i) Drain resistance (rd). =________ii) Transconductance (gm). =_______iii) Amplification factor (µ). = _______

REVIEW QUESTION:1) Interchange drain and source in the circuit and check for the output do not increase the VDS more than 15V.


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S.No VDS = 1V VDS = 2V VDS = 4VVGS(V) ID (mA) VGS(V) ID (mA) VGS(V) ID (mA)

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COMMON EMITTER AMPLIFIER

AIM: To Observe the frequency and gain response of a Common Emitter amplifier. Find the 1. Gain of the amplifier in dB. 2. Band width with the help of graph (frequency VS gain).APPARATUS: 1. Bread Board. 2. DC Regulated Power Supply (0-30V/1A). 3. Function generator (1Hz-1MHz Sine/Square/Triangle). 4. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (0-20MHz). 5. Resistors with ±10% tolerance (1/2W):– 470 (1No’s),1K (1No’s),4.7K (2No’s),33K (1No’s). 6. Capacitors - 10µf/63V(2No’s),100µf/63V(1No’s). 7. Transistor - BC107(1No’s).

8. Connecting wires.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:


2. Apply the input from the function generator with 1KHz frequency and fixed 30mV of amplitude peak to peak (Vs) at the input terminals of the circuit.

3. By keeping the input signal amplitude constant at (VS), vary the frequency of the function generator from 50Hz to 1MHz in regular steps.

4. Note down the corresponding output voltages (V0) from CRO for each frequencyand tabulate.

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5. Plot a graph between by taking the frequency in Hz on X-axis and gain in dB on Y-axis.

6. Calculate the bandwidth from graph.

EXPECTED GRAPH:

fL = Lower cut-off frequency fh = Upper cut-off frequency Bandwidth = fL-fh

OBSERVATIONS:

Vs=30mVS.No Frequency (Hz) Vo (volts) Gain Av=Vo/Vs Gain in (dB)=20 log(Av)

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Check the connections made on the board to avoid open and short circuits.2. Connections should be made properly.

RESULT: The gain and bandwidth of a common emitter amplifier has been measured.

i) Gain in dB. = ________ii) Bandwidth. = ________

REVIEW QUESTION:1) Keep input frequency as constant at 2KHz and vary the input amplitude from 1mV to 50mV.2) Observe the output on CRO plot the graph between i/p and o/p, comments on

results.


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COMMON COLLECTOR AMPLIFIER

AIM: To Observe the frequency and gain response of a Common Collector amplifier. Find the 1. Gain of the amplifier in dB.

2. Band width with the help of graph (frequency VS gain). APPARATUS: 1. Bread Board. 2. DC Regulated Power Supply (0-30V/1A). 3. Function generator (1Hz-1MHz Sine/Square/Triangle). 4. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (0-20MHz). 5. Resistors with ±10% tolerance (1/2W):– 470 (1No’s),1K (1No’s),33K (1No’s),100K (1No’s). 6. Capacitors- 1µf/63V(1No’s),10µf/63V(1No’s). 7. Transistor - BC107(1No’s). 8. Connecting wires.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:


2. Apply the input from the function generator with 1KHz frequency and fixed 0.5V ofamplitude peak to peak (Vs) at the input terminals of the circuit.

3. By keeping the input signal amplitude constant at (VS), vary the frequency of thefunction generator from 10Hz to 1MHz in regular steps.

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5. Plot a graph between by taking the frequency in Hz on X-axis and gain in dBon Y-axis.


EXPECTED GRAPH:


OBSERVATIONS:

Vs=0.5VS.No Frequency (Hz) Vo (volts) Gain Av=Vo/Vs Gain in (dB)=20 log(Av)

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Check the connections made on the board to avoid open and short circuits. 2. Connections should be made properly.

RESULT: The gain and bandwidth of a common Collector amplifier has been measured.

i) Gain in dB. = ___________ ii) Bandwidth. = __________

REVIEW QUESTION:1) Change the value of RE = 1KΩ and repeat the entire experiment.


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SINGLE STAGE RC COUPLED AMPLIFIER

AIM: To observe the frequency and gain response of a Single stage RC-coupled amplifier. Find the 1. Gain of the amplifier in dB.

2. Band width with the help of graph (frequency VS gain). 3. Input impedance (Zi). 4. Output impedance (Zo).

APPARATUS: 1. Bread Board. 2. DC Regulated Power Supply (0-30V/1A). 3. Function Generator (1Hz-1MHz Sine/Square/Triangle). 4. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (0-20MHz). 5. Resistors with ±10% tolerance (1/2W):– 470 (1No’s),1K (1No’s),4.7K (2No’s),33K (1No’s). 6. Load Resistor (RL) with ±10% tolerance (1W):– 10K (1No’s). 7. Capacitors- 10µf/63V(2No’s),100µf/63V(1No’s). 8. Transistor - BC107(1No’s). 9. Connecting wires.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:



3. By keeping the input signal amplitude constant at (VS), vary the frequency of thefunction generator from 50Hz to 1MHz in regular steps.


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5. Connect the load resistor (RL) at the output terminals to find the output impedance.



8. Calculate the input and output impedance.

Input impedance Zi = Vin ; Where IB = Vs - Vin IB RS

Output impedance Zo = Vo(max) 2EXPECTED GRAPH:


OBSERVATIONS:

Vs=30mVS.No Frequency (Hz) Vo (volts) Gain Av=Vo/Vs Gain in (dB)=20 log(Av)

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Check the connections made on the board to avoid open and short circuits. 2. Connections should be made properly.

RESULT: The gain and bandwidth, input impedance, output impedance of a single stage RCcoupled amplifier has been measured.

i) Gain in dB. = _________ii) Bandwidth. = __________

iii) Input impedance (Zi). = _________iv) Output impedance (Zo). = __________

REVIEW QUESTION:1) Change the Cc value to 1µF/63V and repeat the experiment.


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COMMON SOURCE FET AMPLIFIER

AIM: To Observe the frequency and gain response of a Common Source FET amplifier. Find the 1. Gain of the amplifier in dB.

2. Band width with the help of graph (frequency VS gain).APPARATUS: 1. Bread Board. 2. DC Regulated Power Supply (0-30V/1A). 3. Function generator (1Hz-1MHz Sine/Square/Triangle). 4. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (0-20MHz). 5. Resistors with ±10% tolerance (1/2W):– 470 (1No’s),4.7K (1No’s),10K (1No’s),1M (1No’s). 6. Capacitors - 10µf/63V(2No’s),100µf/63V(1No’s). 7. FET – BFW11(1No’s). 8. Connecting wires.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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PROCEDURE:


2. Apply the input from the function generator with 1KHz frequency and fixed 0.1V ofamplitude peak to peak (Vs) at the input terminals of the circuit.

3. By keeping the input signal amplitude constant at (VS), vary the frequency of the function generator from 50Hz to 1MHz in regular steps.

4. Note down the corresponding output voltages (V0) from CRO for each frequency and tabulate.



EXPECTED GRAPH:

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OBSERVATIONS: Vs=100mV

S.No Frequency (Hz) Vo (volts) Gain Av=Vo/Vs Gain in (dB)=20 log(Av)

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Check the connections made on the board to avoid open and short circuits.2. Connections should be made properly.

RESULT: The gain and bandwidth of a Common Source FET amplifier has been measured.

i) Gain in dB. =_________ ii) Bandwidth. = _________

REVIEW QUESTION:1) Remove the C2 capacitor and repeat the experiment and give the comments on

results.


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CURRENT SERIES FEED BACK AMPLIFIER

AIM: To observe the frequency and gain response of a Current Series feed back amplifier. Find the 1. Gain of the amplifier in dB.

2. Band width with the help of graph (frequency VS gain).APPARATUS: 1. Bread Board. 2. DC Regulated Power Supply (0-30V/1A). 3. Function generator (1Hz-1MHz Sine/Square/Triangle). 4. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (0-20MHz). 5. Resistors with ±10% tolerance (1/2W):– 470 (1No’s),1K (1No’s),4.7K (2No’s),33K (1No’s). 6. Capacitors- 10µf/63V(2No’s),100µf/63V(1No’s). 7. Transistor - BC107(1No’s). 8. Connecting wires.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:



3. By keeping the input signal amplitude constant at (VS), vary the frequency of thefunction generator from 10Hz to 1MHz in regular steps for without feedback amplifier.

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5. Remove the 100µf of the capacitor from the CE terminals and again repeat the above steps for the with feed back amplifier.



EXPECTED GRAPH:




PRECAUTIONS:1. Check the connections made on the board to avoid open and short circuits.2. Connections should be made properly.

RESULT: The gain and bandwidth of a Current Series feed back amplifier has been measured.

i) Gain in dB with out feedback amplifier. = ___________ii) Gain in dB with feedback amplifier. = __________iii) Bandwidth for with out feedback amplifier. = _________

iv) Bandwidth for with feedback amplifier. = ___________

REVIEW QUESTION: 1) Make the R1 = R2 = 27KΩ and repeat the experiment and give the comments on results.CONCLUSIONS: (To be written by the student after completion of the experiment with review questions.)

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VOLTAGE SERIES FEED BACK AMPLIFIER

AIM: To observe the frequency and gain response of a Voltage Series feed back amplifier. Find the 1. Gain of the amplifier in dB.

2. Band width with the help of graph (frequency VS gain).APPARATUS: 1. Bread Board. 2. DC Regulated Power Supply (0-30V/1A). 3. Function generator (1Hz-1MHz Sine/Square/Triangle). 4. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (0-20MHz). 5. Resistors with ±10% tolerance (1/2W): 470 (1No’s),1K (1No’s),4.7K (2No’s),10K (1No’s),33K (1No’s). 6. Capacitors- 10µf/63V(2No’s),100µf/63V(1No’s). 7. Transistor - BC107(1No’s). 8. Connecting wires.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:


2. Apply the input from the function generator with 1KHz frequency and fixed 30mV ofamplitude peak to peak (Vs)at input terminals of the circuit.

3. By keeping the input signal amplitude constant at (VS), vary the frequency of the function generator from 50Hz to 1MHz in regular steps for without feedback amplifier.

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5. Connect a 10K of the resistance at the output terminals and again repeat the above steps for the with feed back amplifier.



EXPECTED GRAPH:






RESULT: The gain and bandwidth of a Voltage Series feed back amplifier has been measured. i) Gain in dB with out feedback amplifier. =________

ii) Gain in dB with feedback amplifier. = _________iii) Bandwidth for with out feedback amplifier. =_________iv) Bandwidth for with feedback amplifier. = _________

REVIEW QUESTION: 1) Change the R = 100KΩ and repeat the experiment from result give the reasons for output.CONCLUSIONS: (To be written by the student after completion of the experiment with review questions.)

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RC PHASE SHIFT OSCILLATOR

AIM: To Determine the frequency and amplitude of a RC phase shift oscillator.

APPARATUS: 1. Bread Board. 2. DC Regulated Power Supply (0-30V/1A). 3. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (0-20MHz). 4. Resistors with ±10% tolerance (1/2W):- 1K (1No’s),2.2K (1No’s),10K (3No’s),33K (1No’s). 5. Capacitors- 0.001µf/25V(3No’s),10µf/63V(1No’s),100µf/63V(1No’s). 6. Transistor - BC107(1No’s). 7. Connecting wires.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:


2. After giving the supply voltage to the circuit, observe the output waveform at the output terminals in CRO.

3. Measure the time period of oscillation of the output waveform from CRO and then Calculate the oscillation frequency using the formula f =1/T.

4. Verify the frequency of oscillator theoretically by using the formulaf = 1/2πRC√6+4K

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Where R = feedback resistance, C = feedback capacitanceK = RC/R (RC is collector resistance)

5. Compare the practical and theoretical frequency values of the output waveform.

6. Plot a graph between by taking the time period on X-axis and amplitude on Y-axis.

EXPECTED GRAPH:



RESULT:The Amplitude, frequency of a RC phase shift oscillator has been measured.

i) Amplitude of the waveform. = _________ii) Frequency of the waveform (practically). = ________ iii) Frequency of the waveform (theoretically). = ________

REVIEW QUESTION:1) Remove a pair of RC and observe the output by repeating the experiment;

give reasons for the results.


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HARTELY OSCILLATOR

AIM: To Determine the frequency and amplitude of a Hartely oscillator.

APPARATUS: 1. Bread Board. 2. DC Regulated Power Supply (0-30V/1A). 3. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (0-20MHz). 4. Resistors with ±10% tolerance (1/2W):– 470 (1No’s),1K (1No’s),4.7K (1No’s),10K (1No’s),100K (1No’s). 5. Capacitors- 1µf/63V(1No’s),10µf/63V(1No’s),100µf/63V(1No’s). 6. Inductors – 20mH(1No’s),2.5mH(1No’s). 7. Transistor - BC107 (1No’s). 8. Connecting wires.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:


2. After giving the supply voltage to the circuit, observe the output waveform at the output terminals in CRO.


4. Verify the frequency of oscillator theoretically by using the formula f = 1/2π√LeqCWhere Leq = L1+L2

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EXPECTED GRAPH:



RESULT: The Amplitude, frequency of a Hartely oscillator has been measured.

i) Amplitude of the waveform. = ________ii) Frequency of the waveform (practically). = ________ iii) Frequency of the waveform (theoretically). = ________

REVIEW QUESTION:1) Change L1 = 2.5mH, L2 = 20mH and Change L1 = 20mH, L2 = 20mH Repeat the

experiment for both combinations and find the results.


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COLPITTS OSCILLATOR

AIM: To Determine the frequency and amplitude of a Colpitts oscillator.

APPARATUS: 1. Bread Board. 2. DC Regulated Power Supply (0-30V/1A). 3. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (0-20MHz). 4. Resistors with ±10% tolerance (1/2W):– 470 (1No’s),1K (1No’s),4.7K (1No’s),10K (1No’s),100K (1No’s). 5. Capacitors - 0.1µf/25V(3No’s),0.01µf/25V(2No’s). 6. Inductor – 1mH (1No’s). 7. Transistor - BC107 (1No’s). 8. Connecting wires.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:


2. After giving the supply voltage to the circuit, observe the output waveform at the output terminals.


4. Verify the frequency of oscillator theoretically by using the formula f = 1/2π√LCeq

Where Ceq = C 1 C 2 C1+C2

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EXPECTED GRAPH:



RESULT: The Amplitude, frequency of a Colpitts oscillator has been measured.

i) Amplitude of the waveform. = _________ii) Frequency of the waveform (practically). = _________ iii) Frequency of the waveform (theoretically). = _________

REVIEW QUESTION:1) Change the value of R1 = 10KΩ and R2 = 100KΩ repeat the experiment

and give comments on result.


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EDC Lab I Manuals

Documents

cathode ray

full wave

half wave

pn junction

digital multi

feed back

decade resistance

common collector