Economics of R.C

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Economics of R.C.C. Water tank RestingEconomics of R.C.C. Water tank RestingEconomics of R.C.C. Water tank RestingEconomics of R.C.C. Water tank Restingover Firm Ground vis-a-vis Pre-stressedover Firm Ground vis-a-vis Pre-stressedover Firm Ground vis-a-vis Pre-stressedover Firm Ground vis-a-vis Pre-stressed

Concrete Water Tank Resting over FirmConcrete Water Tank Resting over FirmConcrete Water Tank Resting over FirmConcrete Water Tank Resting over Firm

GroundGroundGroundGround

Posted in Concrete Engineering, Prestress Engineering, Project Reports, Research Papers | Email This Post |

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By

MS. SNEHAL R. METKAR

(P.G. STUDENT)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

(STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING IIND YEAR)

P.R.M.T OF TECH. & RESEARCH, BADNERA-AMRAVATI

SANT. GADGE BABA (AMARAVATI) UNIVERSITY (MAHARASHTRA)

COUNTRY INDIA – 444701

GUIDED BY

Prof A. R. Mundhada

(PROFESSOR)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING,

P.R M.I.T.R., BADNERA, AMRAVATI.

MAHARASHTRA, INDIA-4444701,

Abstract Abstract Abstract Abstract

Water tanks are used to store water and are designed as crack free structures, to eliminate any leakage. In this paper design of two types

of circular water tank resting on ground is presented. Both reinforced concrete (RC) and prestressed concrete (PSC) alternatives are

considered in the design and are compared considering the total cost of the tank. These water tank are subjected to the same type of

capacity and dimensions. As an objective function with the properties of tank that are tank capacity, width &length etc.

A computer program has been developed for solving numerical examples using the Indian std. Indian Standard Code 456-2000, IS-3370-

I,II,III,IV & IS 1343-1980. The paper gives idea for safe design with minimum cost of the tank and give the designer the relationship curve

between design variable thus design of tank can be more economical ,reliable and simple. The paper helps in understanding the design

philosophy for the safe and economical design of water tank.

KeywordsKeywordsKeywordsKeywords

Rigid based water tank, RCC water tank, Prestressed Concrete, design, details, minimum total cost, tank capacity

I. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTIONI. INTRODUCTION

Storage reservoirs and over head tanks are used to store water, liquid petroleum, petroleum products and similar liquids. The force analysis

of the reservoirs or tanks is about the same irrespective of the chemical nature of the product. In general there are three kinds of water

tanks-tanks resting on ground Underground tanks and elevated tanks. Here we are studying only the tanks resting on ground like clearwater reservoirs, settling tanks, aeration tanks etc. are supported on ground directly. The wall of these tanks are subjected to pressure and

the base is subjected to weight of Water.

In this paper, both types of reinforced concrete and prestesses concrete water tanks resting on ground monolithic with the base Are design

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and their results compared. These tanks are subjected to Same capacity and dimensions. Also a computer program has been developed for

solving numerical examples using IS Code 456-200IS-1343-1984,IS 3370-Part I,II,III,IV 1965 & IS Code 1343-1980. From the analysis it is

conclude that for tank having larger capacity (greater than 10 lakh liter) prestesses concrete water tank is economical.

ObjectiveObjectiveObjectiveObjective

• To make the study about the analysis and design of water tank.

• To make the guidelines for the design of liquid retaining structure According to IS code.

• To know about design philosophy for safe design of water tank.

• To develop program for water tank to avoid tedious calculations.

• To know economical design of water

• This report is to provide guidance in the design and construction of circular priestesses concrete using tendons

Previous ResearchPrevious ResearchPrevious ResearchPrevious Research

From the review of earlier investigations it is found that considerable work has been done on the method of analysis and design of water

tanks.

Tanetal. [1]:- (1993) presented the minimum cost design of reinforced concrete cylindrical water tanks based on the British Code for water

tanks, using a direct search method and the (SUMT). The cost function included the material costs of concrete and steel only. The tank wall

thickness was idealized with piecewise linear slopes with the maximum thickness at the base.

Thakkar and Sridhar Rao [2] (1974), discussed cost optimization of non cylindrical composite type prestressed concrete pipes based on the

Indian code.

Al-Badri [3] (2005) presented cost optimization of reinforced concrete circular grain silo based on the ACI Code (2002). He proved that the

minimum cost of the silo increases with increasing of the angle of internal friction between stored materials, the coefficient of friction

between stored materials and concrete, and the number of columns supporting hopper . Al-Badri (2006) presented the minimum cost

design of reinforced concrete corbels based on AC I Code (2002). The cost function included the material costs of concrete, formwork and

steel reinforcement. He proved that the minimum total cost of the corbel increases with the increase of the shear span, and decreases with

the increase of the friction factor for monolithic construction.

Hassan Jasim Mohammed [4] studied the economical design of concrete water Tanks by optimization method. He applied the optimization

technique to the structural design of concrete rectangular and circular water tank, considering the total cost of the tank as an objective

function with the properties of the tank viz. tank capacity, width and length of the tank, unit weight of water and tank floor slab thickness

as design variables. From the study he concluded that an increased tank capacity leads to increased minimum total cost of the rectangular

tank but decreased minimum total cost for the circular tank. The tank floor slab thickness constitutes the minimum total cost for two types

of tanks. The minimum cost is more sensitive to changes in tank capacity and floor slab thickness of rectangular tank but in circular type is

more sensitive to change in all variables. Increased tank capacity leads to increase in minimum total cost. Increase in water depth in

circular tank leads to increase in minimum total cost.

Abdul-Aziz & A. Rashed [5] rationalized the design procedure for reinforced and prestressed concrete tanks so that an applicable Canadian

design standard could be developed. The study investigates the concept of partial prestressing in liquid containing structures. The paper

also includes experimental and analytical phases of total of eight full scale specimens, representing segments from typical tank walls,

subjected to load and leakage tests. In analytical study a computer model that can predict the response of tank wall segments is described

and calibrated against the test results. The proposed design procedure addresses the leakage limit state directly. It is applicable for fully

prestressed, fully reinforced and partially prestressed concrete water tanks. The conclusions that are drawn are as follows:-

• A design method based on limiting the steel stress, does not produce consistent crack or compression zone depths under the application

of prestressing nor under a combination of axial load and moment.

• A design method based on providing a residual compressive stress in concrete dose not utilizes non-prestressed reinforcement effectively.

• Relaxing the residual compressive stress requirement permits a more efficient design. The stresses in non-prestresssed steel are higher,

but remain below yield under service load. Therefore, less reinforcement is required.

• Load eccentricity significantly affects the behavior of the prestressed concrete sections. The behavior with a small load eccentricity, less

than about half the thickness, the section may be treated as a flexure member.

• The ratio of non prestressed steel to prestressed steel in partially prestressed concrete section has a significant effect on the member

serviceability and strength. Choosing the ratio such that both non-prestress and prestressed steel reach their strength simultaneously


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utilizes both types of steel at the ultimate limit state effectively.

• Increasing the wall thickness is very effective in increasing the capacity of the section and improving its serviceability by increasing the

compression zone depth and reducing the deformations.

Chetan Kumar Gautam [6] Highlights the point named “Comparison of Circular Reinforced Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Underground

Shelter”. In his paper, design of two types of large circular underground shelters is presented. The shelters are made of precast concrete

sections. Both RC and PSC alternatives are considered in the design and compared. The shelters are subjected to same type of external

loadings and support conditions. The study conclude that the feasibility of using the vertical casting process of making the modules of shelters as it is suitable for manufacturing of large diameter pipes. He also suggested that the incorporation of fibers, specially steel fibers

improves a host of properties of concrete, including its crack resistance, f lexural strength, ductility, etc. Thus, the possibility of incorporating

fibers in concrete shelter may be explored.

II DESIGN PHILOSOPHY II DESIGN PHILOSOPHY II DESIGN PHILOSOPHY II DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

For R.C.C. water tank

For Prestresed Concrete water tank

For R.C.C Structure

Permissible stresses in concrete

• For resistance to cracking:-

Design of liquid retaining structure is different from R.C.C. structures. As it requires that concrete should not crack and hence tensilestresses in concrete should be within permissible limit.(i.e. TYPE-I structure).A reinforced concrete member of liquid retaining structure is

design on the usual principle ignoring tensile resistance of concrete in bending. accordingly it should be ensure that tensile stresses on the

liquid retaining face of the equivalent concrete section dose not exceed the permissible tensile strength of concrete as given in table1.

Grade of

concrete

Permissible stress Shear=

(Q/bjd)

(N/mm^2)

Direct

Tension(?ct)

(N/mm^2)

Tension due

to

Bending(?cbt)

(N/mm^2)

M15 1.1 1.5 1.5

M20 1.2 1.7 1.7

M25 1.3 1.8 1.9

M30 1.5 2.0 2.2

M35 1.6 2.2 2.5

M40 1.7 2.4 2.7

Table 1(Permissible Compressive Stresses In Calculations Relating To Resistance To Cracking)

• For strength calculation

In strength calculations the permissible Concrete stresses shall be in accordance with Table1. Where the calculated shear stress in concrete

a lone exceeds the permissible value, reinforcement acting in conjunction with diagonal compression in the concrete shall be provided to

take the whole of the shear.

Permissible Stresses In Steel

• For resistance to cracking.

When steel and concrete are assumed to act together for checking the tensile stress in concrete for avoidance of crack, the tensile stress in

steel as in table 2will be limited by the requirement that the permissible tensile stress in the concrete is not exceeded so the tensile stress

in steel shall be equal to the product of modular ratio of steel and concrete, and the corresponding allowable tensile stress in concrete.

• For strength calculations

In strength calculations the permissible stress shall be as given in table 2.

TYPE OF STRESS IN

STEEL REINFORCE

MENT

PERMISSIBLE STRESSES

IN N/mm2

Plain round High yield


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mild steel

bars

strength

deformed

bars(HYSD)

1)Tensile stresses in the

members under direct

tension(?s)

115 150

2) Tensile stress in

members in

bending(?st)

On liquid retaining face

of members115 150

On face of away from

liquid for members less

than 225mm

115 150

On face away from

liquid for members

225mm or more in

thickness

125 190

3) Tensile stresses in

shear

reinforcement(?sv)

For members less

than225mm in

thickness

For members 225mm

or more in thickness

115 150

125 175

Table 2 (Permissible Stresses In Steel Reinforcement For Strength Calculation)

Design Requirement

Generally M30 grade of concrete should be used Design Mix (1:1*1/2:3)Steel reinforcement should not less than0.3% of the gross section

shall be provided in each direction Floors:-floor may be constructed of concrete with nominal % of reinforcement smaller than provided in

table 1.they are cast in panels with sides not more than 45m and with contraction or expansion joints in between..In such cases a screed or

concrete layer(M10) not less than 75mm thick shall placed first on the ground and covered with a sliding layer of bitumen paper to destroy

the bond between the screed and the floor.

Minimum Cover:- 35mm(both the faces).

Minimum Reinforcement:-Overall .24% of total cross section should be provided.

Walls:-1) provision of joints

( a ) Where it is desired to allow the walls to expand or contract separately from the floor , or to prevent moments at the base of the wall

owing to fixity to the floor sliding joints may be employed.

( b) The spacing of vertical movement joints should be as discussed. while the majority of these joints may be of the partial or complete

contraction type , sufficient joints of the expansion type should be provided to satisfy the requirements given in article.

2)Pressure on wall

(a) In liquid retaining structures with fixed or floating covers the gas pressure developed above liquid surface shall be added to the liquid

pressure .

(b)When the wall of liquid retaining structure is built in ground, or has earth embanked against it ,the effect of earth pressure shall be


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taken in to account .

III Design stepes:

• Calculate diameter and height of water tank

• Assumed suitable thickness

• Calculate designed constants

• Calculate hoop tension, maximum bending moment by using IS 1370 part IV.

• Calculate hoop steel(provide in the form of rings per meter height)

• Check the assume thickness with given permissible values of tensile stresses of concrete in direct tension for the given grade of concrete.

• Check of thickness for bending

• Provide vertical steel

• Design base slab

• Draw details

detail

IV PRESTRESSING DEFINITION

Introduction of compressive stresses to a structural member with high-strength steel that counteract the tensile stresses resulting from

applied loads

Prestressed Concrete

Pre-Tensioned (cast off-site in beds- precast members)

Post-Tensioned (cast on-site in place)

All types of structure can be built with reinforced and pre-stressed concrete: columns, piers, walls, slabs, beams, arches, frames, even

suspended structures and of course shells and folded plates.

• Tanks

• Foundation panels

• Poles

• Modular block retaining wall system

• Wall panels

• Concrete units

• Slabs

• Roofing and flooring

• Lintel and sunshade

• Beams

• Columns girders

Tanks:-

In the construction of concrete structures for the storage of liquids, the imperviousness of concrete is an important basic requirement.

Hence, the design of such construction is based on avoidance of cracking in the concrete. The structures are prestressed to avoid tension in

the concrete. In addition, prestressed concrete tanks require low maintenance. The resistance to seismic forces is also satisfactory.

Prestressed concrete tanks are used in water treatment and distribution systems, waste water collection and treatment system and storm

water management. Other applications are liquefied natural gas (LNG) containment structures, large industrial process tanks and bulk


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storage tanks. Strand Wrapped circular pre-stressed concrete tanks are long life liquid storage structure with virtually no maintenance.

Concrete construction makes for a substantial, sturdy tank structure that easily contain the internal liquid pressure while comfortably

resisting external forces such as earthquake, wind.

Pre-stressed concrete is the most efficient material for water tanks and coupled with the circular shape, eliminates all stress conditions. By

placing the steel of the pre-stressed strands in tension and the concrete in compression, both materials are in an ideal states and the loads

are uniformly distributed around the tank circumference.

Properties 1) Low maintenance can be enjoyed throughout the life as these are built with concrete, durable material that never corrodes and does not

require coatings when in contact with water or the environment.

2) Pre-stressing counteracts the differential temperature and dryness loads that a tank core wall experience. The tank walls are wet on the

inside and dry on outside and the temperature varies between the two sides. If not properly accounted for, these moisture and temperature

differential will cause a tank wall to bend and crack. Counteract these force in both the vertical and horizontal direction and diminish

subsequently the cracking and leaking

3) Tanks are very ductile, enabling to withstand seismic forces and varying water backfill.

4) Tanks utilize material efficiently – steel in tension, concrete in compression

5) Pre-cast tanks can store or treat anything from potable water to hazardous waste to solid storage bins.

6)Storage capacities can range from 0.4 to 120 mega liters

7) Diameters of the tank can vary up to 90 m

V Design philosophy

A. Loads: Circumferential prestressing also typically causes vertical bending moment from other loading condition.

B. Freeboard: freeboard should be provided in the tank wals to minimize earthquake- induced hydrodynamic effects on a flat roof.

C. Wall: The design of the wall should be based on elastic cylindrical shell analysis, considering the effects of prestressing, internal loads

and other external loads.cast in place concrete walls is usually priestesses circumferentially with high-strength strand tendons placed in

ducts in the wall .the wall may be priestesses with bonded and unbounded tendons. Vertical prestessed reinforcement near the center of

the wall thickness, or vertical non prestessed reinforcement near each face, may be used. Non priestesses reinforcement may be provided

vertically in conjunction with vertical prestressing.

Precast concrete walls usually consist of precast panels curved to the tank radius with joints between panels filled with high-strength

concrete. the panels are post-tensioned circumferentially by high strength strand tendons. the tendons maybe embedded within the precast

panels or placed on the external surface of the wall and protected by shortcreat .the wall panels may be prestessesd vertically with

pretensioned strands or post-tensioned tendons.non prestesses reinforcement may be provided vertically with or without vertical

prestressing.

Construction Methodology The construction of the tanks is in the following sequence. First, the concrete core is cast and cured. The surface is prepared by sand or

hydro blasting. Next, the circumferential prestressing is applied by strand wrapping machine. Shotcrete is applied to provide a coat of

concrete over the prestressing strands. A few photographs are provided for il lustration.


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IS: 3370 (Code of Practice for Concrete Structures for the Storage of Liquids) provides guidelines for the analysis and design of liquid

storage tanks. The four sections of the code are titled as follows.

Part 1: General Requirement

Part 2: Reinforced Concrete Structures

Part 3: Prestressed Concrete Structures

Part 4: Design Tables

The following types of boundary conditions are considered in the analysis of the cylindrical wall.

a) For base: fixed or hinged

b) For top: free or hinged or framed.

1)For base

Fixed: When the wall is built continuous with its footing, then the base can be considered to be fixed as the first approximation.

Hinged: If the sub grade is susceptible to settlement, then a hinged base is a conservative assumption. Since the actual rotational restraint

from the footing is somewhere in between fixed and hinged, a hinged base can be assumed. The base can be made sliding with

appropriate polyvinyl chloride (PVC) water-stops for liquid tightness.

2) For top

Free: The top of the wall is considered free when there is no restraint in expansion.

Hinged: When the top is connected to the roof slab by dowels for shear transfer, the boundary condition is considered to be hinged.

The hydrostatic pressure on the wall increases linearly from the top to the bottom of the liquid of maximum possible depth. If the vapour

pressure in the free board is negligible, then the pressure at the top is zero. Else, it is added to the pressure of the liquid throughout the

depth. The forces generated in the tank due to circumferential prestress are opposite in nature to that due to hydrostatic pressure. If the

tank is built underground, then the earth pressure needs to be considered.

The hoop tension in the wall, generated due to a triangular hydrostatic pressure is given as T = C Tw H Ri

The bending moment in the vertical direction is given as

M = CMwH3

The shear at the base is given by the expression V = C Vw H

Where,

CT = coefficient for hoop tension

CM = coefficient for bending moment

C V = coefficient for shear


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w = unit weight of liquid

H = height of the liquid

Ri = inner radius of the wall.

The values of the coefficients are tabulated in IS:3370 – 1967, Part 4, for various values of H2/Dt, at different depths of the liquid. D and t

represent the inner diameter and the thickness of the wall, respectively. The typical variations of CT and CM with depth, for two sets of

boundary conditions are illustrated. The roof can be made of a dome supported at the edges on the cylindrical wall. Else, the roof can be a

flat slab supported on columns along with the edges. IS:3370 – 1967, Part 4, provides coefficients for the analysis of the floor and roof

slabs.

Design steps

• Calculate diameter and height of water tank

• Assumed suitable thickness

• Calculate designed constants

• Calculate hoop tension, maximum bending moment by using IS 1370 part IV.

• Check the assume thickness with given permissible values of tensile stresses of concrete in direct tension for the given grade of concrete.

• Actual circumferential prestress i.e. actual direct compressive stress (fc)

• Provide circumferential steel , Provide vertical steel

• Check for ultimate collapse and cracking

• Non prestressing steel /untensioned steel

• Design base slab

• Draw detail

Comparison of R.C.C. water tank and Prestrssed water tank Comparison of R.C.C. water tank and Prestrssed water tank Comparison of R.C.C. water tank and Prestrssed water tank Comparison of R.C.C. water tank and Prestrssed water tank

The tanks to be consider having some common data such as the tanks are having same capacity, same diameter, same height, same grade

of concrete i. e. (M40) & (M50), the thickness of tank floor should be taken either 150mm or equal to the wall thickness(if greater than

150mm) for RCC water tank and minimum thickness for priestesses concrete water tank is 120mm.We consider tank capacity for both the

cases (i.e. RCC & Priestesses) reimaging from 1000 m3 to 9000 m3. for both the grade of concrete i.e. (M40 & M50). The result so

obtained as given in following table3

Schedule For RCC Water Tanks & Prestressed

Concrete Water Tanks Estimate Details

CAPACITYGRADE OF

CONCRETE

COST

OF P.C.

% OF

COST

COST OF

R.C.


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WATER

TANK

C.WATER

TANK

m3 Rs Rs

1000 M40 2056116 11.47 1844521

M50 2101677 9.43 1920546

2000 M40 2777828 -20.33 3486806

M50 2845004-21.69 3633328

3000 M40 3811166 -24.87 5072773

M50 3897242-26.22 5282492

4000 M40 5268049 -21.06 6673611

M50 5404513-22.50 6973950

5000 M40 6696401 -18.14 8180441

M50 6852226-20.01 8567341

6000 M40 7901981 -22.35 10177486

M50 8143194-23.45 10637885

7000 M40 8988532 -19.34 11144740

M50 9255833-21.42 11778868

8000 M401169380

-15.02 13761735

M50 1199296-16.63 14385223

9000 M40 1277439 -16.45 15290975

M50 1309013-18.05 15975177

NOTE: (Negative value of % saving indicates that prestressed concrete tank is economical than RCC water tank and vice-à-versa)


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Figure 1: Variation Of Cost With Capacity Of Water Tank & Grade Of Concrete

Figure 2 Variation Of Cost For Both Type Of Water Tank With Same Grade Of Concrete(M40)

Figure 3 Variation Of Cost For Both Type Of Water Tank With Same Grade Of Concrete(M50)


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Figure 4 Variation of % of saving for given capacity with given grade of concrete(M40)

Figure 5 Variation of % of saving for given capacity with given grade of concrete(M50)

The aim of this paper is to compare the cost of R.C.C. water tanks resting over firm ground with the cost of Prestressed concrete water

tanks. In India at least, most of the small & medium sized water tanks are constructed in RCC. Senior engineers and those in the know

maintain that prestressed concrete water tanks are not worth trying for smaller capacities. Besides cost, other reason may be that

prestressed concrete construction involves skilled labor & supervision. Furthermore, prestressing is a closely guarded technology in this

country & information is not available that easily.

There is no clear-cut definition of “Medium Size”. The thumb rule passed on in the field from one generation of engineers to the next, fixes

a value around 10 lac liters. Therefore, this study encompasses tanks from 10 lac liter capacity to 90 lac liter capacity. A couple of cases of

both varieties were designed manually. Design & Estimation programs were developed in MS EXCEL for both RCC & Prestressed concrete.

The programs were finalized after a number of trial runs & corrections.

Results obtained are compiled in figures numbered 1 to 5 & Table numbered 3. D/H ratio for all the tanks is maintained at 4 based on the

recommendations of the Preload Engineering Company of the US, a world leader in the field of prestressed concrete water tanks. It should

be noted that an increase in tank wall thickness results in decreased flexural steel in case of RCC. However, in case of prestressed concrete,

an increased thickness leads to a greater prestressing force & consequently more prestressing steel. Thus, increased thickness leads to

increased cost in case of prestressed concrete.

Table3 presents the total cost of each tank along with the % difference. “+” means costlier prestressing & “-“ means cheaper prestressing.

As the tank capacity increases, the cost of tank increases. But the concept of “economics of scale” holds good i.e. the cost of a tank of 20

lac liter capacity is less than double the cost of a tank of 10 lac liter capacity. Similarly, the cost of a tank of 90 lac liter capacity is less than

9 times the cost of a tank of 10 lac liter capacity. It can be clearly established that the grade of concrete hardly makes any difference in the

costing. Because of its nature, the water tank design is never an impending or boundary line design. The factor of safety is high & the

actual stresses are much lower than the permissible ones. An increased permissible stress for a higher grade of concrete hardly makes any

difference to the final outcome.

Finally, a study of the same Table3 confirms that the RCC tank is cheaper only for 10 lac liter capacity. For higher capacities, prestress

concrete tank is always cheaper by @ (20 +/- 5) %. This is because the thickness of an RCC tank increases many-folds for higher

capacities. Thickness in fact seems to be an important criterion even for prestressed tanks. An increased thickness leads to an increased


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prestressing force. More steel is required to generate this higher prestressing force resulting in higher cost.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

RCC tanks are cheaper only for smaller capacities up to 10-12 lac liters. For bigger tanks, Prestressing is the superior choice resulting in a

saving of @ 20%.

REFERENCES:REFERENCES:REFERENCES:REFERENCES:

1 Tanetal (1966) “Minimum Cost Design Of Reinforced Concrete Cylindrical Water Tanks Based On The British Code For Water Tanks, Using

A Direct Search Method And The (SUMT). European Journal Of Scientific Research ISSN 1450 -216XVol.49No.4(2011),pp.510-520.2 Thakkar and Sridhar Rao (1974)”Cost Optimization Of Cylindrical Composite Type Prestesses Concrete Pipes Based On The Indian Code”

Journal of Structural Engineering 131: 6.

3 Al-Badri (2005) “Cost Optimization Of Reinforced Concrete Circular Grain Silo Based On ACI Code (2002)American Concrete Institute

Structural Journal, May- June 2006.

4 Hassan Jasim Mohammed “ Economical Design Of Water Tanks” European Journal Of Scientific Research ISSN 1450

-216XVol.49No.4(2011),pp.510-520.

5 Abdul-Aziz & A. Rashed “Rational Design Of Priestesses And Reinforced Concrete Tanks” Dept Of Civil & Environmental Engineering.

University Of Alberta, Edmontan, Alberta Canada T6g-267.Eurojournals Publishing. Inc.2011

6 Chetan Kumar Gautam “Comparison Of Circular RC And PSC Underground Shelters” The Indian Concrete Journal April 2006.

7 Precon “Designing Of Circular Prestressed Concrete Tanks To The Industry Standards Of The AWWA And ACI” journal of priestesses

concrete institute vol.12,apr. 1967

8 IS: 456-2000. Indian Standard Code of Practice For Reinforced Concrete.

9 IS 3370-Part I,II,III,IV 1965 & IS Code 1343-1980 Indian Standard Code of Practice For Liquid Retaining Structures.

10 IS: 1343- 1980. Indian Standard Code of Practice For Prestressed Concrete (First Revision).

11 Lin, T.Y, and NED H BURNS “Prestressed Concrete”, Third Edition , John Wiley & Sons[ ASIA] Pt e Ltd. , Singapore 129809.

12 N. Krishna Raju, 2007. “Prestressed Concrete”, Fourth Edition, Tata McGraw- Hill Company Ltd., New Delhi.

13 A.K Jain Reinforced concrete (vol-1,vol-2)

14 B.N Dutta, 2009 “Estimating and Costing In Civil Engineering”, Twenty- Sixth Revised Edition UBS Publishers’ Distributors Pvt. Ltd. New

Delhi.

15 Current Schedule of Rates (CSR), 2010-2011, for Public Works Region, Amravati.

16 Schedule Of Rates Year 2010-2011, For Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran, Nagpur Region17 Bundy , B. D. , 1984. ” Basic Optimization Methods “, Edward Arnold Publishers.

18 Fintel, M., ,1974. ” Handbook of Concrete Engineering”, USA.

19 Gray ,W.S. and Manning ,G.P., 1960. ” Concrete Water Tower, Bunkers, Silos and Other Elevated Structures” , 3rd ed. , London.

20 Manning, G.P., 1973. ” Reinforced Concrete Reservoirs and Tanks,1st ed. London.

We at engineeringcivil.com are thankful to MS. SNEHAL R. METKAR for submitting this useful information to us. We hope this will be of

great help to all those who are looking forward for Economics of R.C.C. Water tank Resting over Firm Ground vis-a-vis Pre-stressed

Concrete Water Tank Resting over Firm Ground.

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pipelines?

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structures?

What are the IS Codes used for Structural Engineering And Structural Sections?

Comments

HARSHAL.S.KHODE( INSPECTION ENGINEER,CIVIL/STRUCTURAL) OIL AND GAS DIVISION June 16, 2011 at 2:42 pm

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This is very much useful for EVERY CIVIL ENGINEERING PROFESSIONAL.BECAUSE I AM WORKING IN CONSULTANT FOR OIL ANS

GAS DIVISION.I AM CARRIED OUT VERY BIG UNDER GROUND TANK FOR STORAGE OF WATER FOR COOLING TOWER IN

PETROCHEMICALS REFINERIES.SO THIS IS MUCH HELP TO ME. ME ALSO THANKS FULL TO MISS SNEHAL.R.METKAR WHO PUBLISH

THIS ARTICLE EXCELLENT.

Reply Link Quote

Darshan July 5, 2013 at 12:36 am

Sir, I am student in M.tech and me also want to know design and detailing of prestressed concrete tanks.

Reply Link Quote

Abhinandan R.Gupta June 21, 2011 at 1:48 am

This study will prove very usefull for civil engineers. I would like to thanks the author Miss. Metkar for sharing such usefull data with

us.

Reply Link Quote

Poovalagan J September 12, 2011 at 1:21 am

Really its very useful for all the Civil Engineers. Thank you for sharing valuable information useful for civil Projects….

Reply Link Quote

Nitin Dixit September 16, 2011 at 3:56 am

Very Much Appreciated work . Thank You for providing such a useful data to us.

Reply Link Quote

SR Albina November 23, 2011 at 1:53 pm

appreciated very much. we 150 bed mission hospital wants to make a R C C overhead tank what capacity we need? can you help me

with a design, cost, and a consulting Engineer at NIIT Kozhikode. albina

Reply Link Quote

Rohan Kakde November 25, 2011 at 1:48 am

Very gud article.

Reply Link Quote

Pravin Shinde December 23, 2011 at 3:42 am

Hi, how do we workout the labour cost for the RCC overhead water tank for govt work everything including material will be supplied

by the contractor! we have to only have to supplu the labour, carpenter & fitter. if any body can guide me i will be thank full.

Reply Link Quote

ALPESH PATEL January 4, 2012 at 2:36 am

Really i appreciate for this type of artical

Also We are planning to design rectangular tank of aprox 45 x 55 x 7 M. ht. Size of tank rest on ground having rock bed

can u guide me for design steps and regarding construction joint .If any body helpful i will be thankful.

Reply Link Quote

Piyush Diwan January 9, 2012 at 4:37 am

Dear Mr.Alpesh patel,

For bigger water storage we have idea of putting GRP/SMC panel tank to avoid complication of RCC job and the total time

needed for the same. Our principal is the no.1 co. in India supplying GRP/SMC panel tank for raw/treated water tanks in

industries and communities. Pls give your mail IDs for sending the other details. You will certainly appreciate this.

Reply Link Quote

Santosh February 9, 2012 at 12:26 am


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Really its very useful . Please provide me Calculation steps and total cost of 12 M X 8 M x 5 M RCC Tank as water storage tank above

ground.

Reply Link Quote

Ashok kumar sarma July 15, 2012 at 4:06 am

please provide me detail calculation of cost of 10M*10M*5m RCC water reservoir

Reply Link Quote

S.K.Sen March 5, 2012 at 12:04 am

More usefull for PHE Engineer’s

Reply Link Quote

S.K.Sen Raipur March 5, 2012 at 11:16 pm

its very useful . Please provide me Calculation steps and total cost of 4.5M,ht. dia X 6M & 1.5m below G.L. R.C.C. circular Tank as

Open at top,water storage tank above ground.

Reply Link Quote

Adnan Galib March 7, 2012 at 12:04 pm

This document really effective to enrich the skill and knowledge on water tank as well.I faced a problem in the construction of a

rectangular water reservoir.I observed some cracks in internal and external walls before imposing the water in it.The crack width is

0.05 mm.The area where the tank is constructed is hilly.Only plate bearing test was carried out to examine the soil bearing

capacity.So,are those cracks will be fatal?what will be the possible cause of those cracks development?

Reply Link Quote

Haneef March 8, 2012 at 10:51 am

I am constructing a water tank in mumbai suburbs so very useful article.

Reply Link Quote

Srinivas. C March 15, 2012 at 8:00 am

Please provide me calculations for an underground rectangular Water tank of internal sizes are 8mx6mx5m (5m deep and dividing

with an internal wall(4mx6m+4mx6m). Tank will be covering with top slab of 150 mm thick.

Thanking you

your’ s Faithfulley

Reply Link Quote

Mehul April 27, 2012 at 3:48 pm

Hey good article. I have doubt regarding the fixity of foundation in P.C. Tanks.

Reply Link Quotearshan May 7, 2012 at 10:46 am

thnk u so much

Reply Link Quote

pankaj anand September 7, 2012 at 12:02 pm

Please provide me calculations for an underground rectangular Water tank of internal sizes are 5mx5mx8m (8m deep ). Tank will be

covering with top slab of 100 mm thick.

Thanking you

your’ s Faithfulley

Reply Link Quote

Fida Hussain November 1, 2012 at 11:42 pm

Really found good knowledge & no doubt it would be usefull for all structural design engineers.


of 18 2/4/2015 9:08 AM



Reply Link Quote

dinesh dadhich March 24, 2013 at 1:37 am

thanks for help . very useful hints for calculation of water tanks.

Reply Link Quote

DEEPAN RAI May 10, 2013 at 10:19 am

thank you so much for all these information cause till now we were doing it very impractically, though it worked but was not

economical.

Reply Link Quote

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