Reading Booklet ® Eastern Arabic 3
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Reading Booklet
®
Eastern Arabic 3
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Eastern Arabic 3
Booklet Design: Maia Kennedy
© and ‰ Recorded Program 2009 Simon & Schuster, Inc.
© Reading Booklet 2009 Simon & Schuster, Inc.Pimsleur® is an imprint of Simon & Schuster Audio, a division of Simon & Schuster, Inc. Mfg. in USA.
All rights reserved.
Travelers should always check with their nation's State Department for current advisories on local conditions before traveling abroad.
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VoicesEnglish-Speaking Instructor . . . . . . . . . . Ray BrownArabic-Speaking Instructor. . . . . . . . Adnan HasabaFemale Arabic Speaker . . . . . . . . . . Andreh BraekehMale Arabic Speaker . . . . . . . . Mohamad Mohamad
course WritersDr. Mahdi Alosh ♦ Mary E. Green
reading LessonsElizabeth Horber
editorsDr. Ulrike S. Rettig ♦ Beverly D. Heinle
reVieWerZuheir Alidib
executiVe ProducerBeverly D. Heinle
arabic directorDr. Mahdi Alosh
Producer & engLish directorSarah H. McInnis
recording engineers Peter S. Turpin ♦ Kelly Saux
Simon & Schuster Studios, Concord, MA
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
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Table of Contents
IntroductionArabic Dialects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1The Written System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2The Arabic Alphabet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3The Letter taa’ marbuuta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5The Definite Article . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Phonological Variation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8The Reading Lessons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Arabic Alphabet Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Diacritical Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Lesson One: Travel Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Lesson Two: More Travel Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Lesson Three: Driving in Syria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Lesson Four: Syrian Road Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Lesson Five: Arabic Loan Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Lesson Six: Expressions and Pastimes . . . . . . . . . 26Lesson Seven: At the Restaurant . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Lesson Eight: Medical Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Lesson Nine: Traveling by Train . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Lesson Ten: Supermarket Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Lesson Eleven: At the Hotel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Lesson Twelve: Items in the Bathroom . . . . . . . . . 41Lesson Thirteen: At the Post Office . . . . . . . . . . . 43
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Lesson Fourteen: At the Bank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Lesson Fifteen: At a Newsstand or Bookstore. . . 47Lesson Sixteen: Expressions and Holidays . . . . . 50 Lesson Seventeen: Syrian Proverbs. . . . . . . . . . . 53Lesson Eighteen: Well-Known Syrians . . . . . . . . 57Lesson Nineteen: Expressions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Lesson Twenty: Famous Syrian Dishes . . . . . . . . 65
Eastern Arabic 3
Arabic Dialects
There are many varieties of Arabic spoken throughout the Arab world, including North Africa. Of the hundreds of known dialects, the spoken varieties with the largest number of speakers are grouped, on the basis of similarity in vocabulary and syntax, into the following:
• Syrian Arabic - (or Eastern Arabic, as taught in this course) spoken in Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, and Jordan;
• Egyptian Arabic - spoken in urban Egypt;
• Gulf Arabic - spoken in Kuwait, Abu Dhabi, the Emirates (Qatar), Oman, Bahrain, and Eastern Saudi Arabia;
• Iraqi Arabic - spoken in Iraq;
• North African Arabic - spoken in Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco;
• Saudi Arabic - spoken in Central and Western Saudi Arabia;
• Yemeni Arabic - spoken in Yemen and southern Saudi Arabia.
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The Written System —Modern Standard Arabic
The written form of the Arabic language, which dates back to pre-Islamic periods, is called “Standard” or “Literary” Arabic and is used and understood throughout the Arab world. It is the form of the language taught in schools and is the default for educated Arabs of any nationality. The written system has also been adopted by neigh-boring countries whose language is not Arabic, such as Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.
Colloquial or “spoken” Arabic, including Syrian Arabic, varies widely by region, sometimes differing enough to be mutually unintelligible. It is considered to be a “dialect,” and is almost never written down. Most educated Arabic speakers are able to easily jump back and forth between Standard and dialect, even within the same sentence, with no loss of understanding.
The Arabic writing system is easy to learn and master because the Arabic alphabet has a high correspondence between sound and symbol. This means that a letter is pronounced almost the same in every word position.
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If you have done the Reading Lessons in Levels 1 & 2, you will be familiar with the Arabic script. If the Arabic alphabet is new to you or you need to re-familiarize yourself with the sounds of the alphabet, you may want to do the Levels 1 & 2 Readings before proceeding with Level 3.
The Arabic alphabet contains 29 letters including the hamza (glottal stop). There are also two variants of existing letters, alif and taa. A number of diacritical marks complement the alphabet. These are signs written above or below the letters; they are listed on page 16, after the alphabet chart.
There are two categories of Arabic letters. The first category contains six letters only, which are called “one-way connectors” because they connect only to the “preceding letters” or letters to the right. They do not connect to “following letters” or letters to the left. These are:
و ذ ر ز د ا
The other 23 letters of the alphabet constitute the letters of the second category. They connect to both preceding letters (to the right) and following letters (to the left), hence the term “two-way connectors.”
The Arabic Alphabet
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The alphabet contains three long vowels: alif (aa), waw (uu), and ya (ii). The latter two function also as consonants, as in “wet” and “yes.” There are three short counterparts of these vowels represented by diacritical marks: the fatHa (a), the damma (u), and the kasra (i). They are about half as long. A tiny circle written above a consonant is called a sukuun and represents the absence of a vowel.
The mark that resembles a tiny “w” is called shadda. It signifies a doubled consonant. For example, this mark over the letter “t” makes the word pronounced /sit-tah/ rather than /sitah/.
A complete listing of the Arabic alphabet has been included for your reference, beginning on page 10. It is shown in two 2-page spreads, reading right to left. Each letter has four different representations, depending on its position within a word. The listing includes the forms that the letters assume in different word positions. There is an independent form, as well as a beginning, a middle, and an end form. The term “initial” means the first letter of the word starting from the right, “medial” means all the letters in the middle, and “final” refers to the last letter of the word, on the left. The chart is to be used only as a guide since all of the necessary information for beginning to read in Arabic will be given in the audio portion of the Reading Lessons.
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The letter taa’ marbuuta (ة) serves only as a suffix and is a variant of the letter taa’ (ت). The taa’ marbuuta (ة) functions most often as the feminine noun marker — meaning that when this letter is attached to most masculine nouns and adjectives, it makes them feminine.
The taa’ marbuuta is not always pronounced. Whether or not it is pronounced depends on the grammatical function and structure of the word to which it is added.
The taa’ marbuuta is not pronounced when:
• the word is said by itself, for example the word “car,” sayyaara (سيارة)
• the word is followed by an adjective, as in “big car,” sayyaara kbiire (سيارة كبرية)
The taa’ marbuuta (ة) is pronounced just like a regular taa’ (ت) when:
• a personal pronoun is attached to the word, as in, “my car,” sayyaartii (سياريت). In this case, the taa’ marbuuta (ة) is replaced with the letter taa’ (ت).
• another suffix is attached to the word, e.g., “two cars,” sayyaartiin (سيارتني). Again, in
The Letter taa’ marbuuta (ة)
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this case, the taa’ marbuuta (ة) is replaced with the letter taa’ (ت).
• the word belongs with the following noun, resulting in a grammatical function similar to that of the preposition “of,” as in the “city of New York” madiina(e)t nyuuyoork .(مدينة نيويورك)
The Definite Article (الـ): Assimilating and Non-Assimilating Sounds
The definite article in Arabic al (ال), is made up of the letters alif (ا) and laam (لـ) and is prefixed to nouns and adjectives. Its pronunciation changes depending on the word that follows it.
It is pronounced al when prefixed to words beginning with a sound/letter that belongs to a certain group of letters referred to as “moon” or “lunar” letters. Long ago, Arab grammarians used the word “moon,” qamar (رمق), to exemplify this group of sounds. If the article is prefixed to a word beginning with a moon letter, the laam is pronounced as an l-sound and is said to be non-assimilating.
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For example, if the article is prefixed to the word “moon,” qamar (ر -the result, “the moon,” is al ,(قqamar (القمر).
In contrast, there are words which start with sounds/letters called “sun” or “solar” letters. Arab grammarians used the word “sun,” shams (شس), to exemplify this class of sounds. If the article is prefixed to a word beginning with a sun letter, the laam changes to the sound of the sun letter and it is said to be assimilating.
For example, if the article is prefixed to the word “sun,” shams (شس), the result, “the sun,” is ashshams .The sh in ash blends into the sh in shams .(الشس)
Note that only the pronunciation of the article is affected, not its spelling.
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Eastern Arabic 3Phonological Variation
Local Dialects vs. Modern Standard Arabic
Differences between spoken Syrian and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) exist at the phonological level. Some examples of the differences in pronunciation are listed below.
Spelling MSAPronunciation
Eastern ArabicPronunciation Meaning
قل qalam like c as in cod ق
alam qaaf is a glottal ق
stoppen
ظريفDhariif
like th as in ظthine
zariif like z as in ظ
zoonice
نظارةnaDh-Dhaara like th as in ظ
thine
naD-Daara like d as in ظ
doneeyeglasses
ذهب dhahab like th as in the ذ
dahab like d as in do ذ gold
لذيذ ladhiidh like th as in the ذ
laziiz like z as in ذ
zoodelicious
ثوم thuum like th as in thin ث
tuum like t as in ث
tunegarlic
ثانوي thaanawiy like th as in thin ث
saanawii like s as in ث
sonsecondary
These variants are not interchangeable; you may not use s for th and still claim that your speech is in Modern Standard Arabic.
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The Reading Lessons
The Reading Lessons in Eastern Arabic 3 are designed to familiarize the learner with words that appear on signs, menus, and the like, as well as phrases that the learner is likely to see or hear in Arabic-speaking countries. Also there is a lesson on the pronunciation of the names of some famous Syrians, as well as some typical expressions and regional idioms. There are twenty Reading Lessons in all. Vowel markers have been included to aid you in reading unfamiliar words. Normally, everyday written Arabic will not include these markers or diacritics. You will be reading both Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and Eastern Arabic. Instruction will be given as needed. Normally, writing is done only in MSA, and experienced readers look at the words and translate them “on the fly” into their dialect.
The recorded portion of the reading materials for Eastern Arabic 3 will be found at the end of the program. You can do the Readings when it is most convenient for you, either with the lessons, or entirely after completing the full 30 lessons. Full instructions on how to proceed are in the recording.
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Symbol in Final Medial InitialTransliteration Position Position Position
aa ـا ـا ا b ـب ـبـ بـ t ـت ـتـ تـ
th ـث ـثـ ثـ j ـج ـجـ جـ H ـح ـحـ حـ kh ـخ ـخـ خـ d ـد ـد د
dh ـذ ـذ ذ r ـر ـر ر z ـز ـز ز s ـس ـسـ سـ
sh ـش ـشـ شـ S ـص ـصـ صـ D ـض ـضـ ضـ
Alphabet Chart (Read from right to left)
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Alphabet Chart (Read from right to left)
Name Name in Letter Transliteration
ألف alif ا باء baa ب تاء taa ت ثاء thaa ث جمي jiim ج حاء Haa ح خاء khaa خ دال daal د ذال dhaal ذ راء raa ر زاي zay ز سني siin س شني shiin ش صاد Saad ص ضاد Daad ض
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T ـط ـط ط Dh ـظ ـظ ظ ` ـع ـعـ عـ
gh ـغ ـغـ غـ f ـف ـفـ فـ q ـق ـقـ قـ k ـك ـكـ كـ l ـل ـلـ لـ
m ـم ـمـ مـ n ـن ـنـ نـ h ـه ـهـ هـ
uu/w ـو ـو و ee/y ـي ـيـ يـ
aa ـى — — t ـة — — ٫ ـأ ـؤ ـئ ـئـ أإ
Symbol in Final Medial InitialTransliteration Position Position Position
Alphabet Chart (Read from right to left)
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Alphabet Chart (Read from right to left)
طاء Taa ط ظاء Dhaa ظ عني çayn ع غني ghayn غ فاء faa ف قاف qaaf ق اكف kaaf ك الم laam ل ممي miim م نون nuun ن هاء haa ه واو waaw و ياء yaa ي
ألف مقصورة alif maqSuura ى تاء مربوطة taa marbuuTa ة
هزة hamza ء
Name Name in Letter Transliteration
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Diacritical Marks (Read from right to left)
Name in Name Sound LetterTransliteration
sukuun سكون none no vowel follows, above the letter
fatHa فتحة a short vowel, above the letter
Damma ضمة u short vowel, above the letter
kasra كسرة i
short vowel, below the letter
shadda شدة none indicates a double consonant, above the letter
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Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson One: Travel Signs
مكتب سيايح
الت ف ع ص
قطار سيع
موقف تكيس
جوازات
استعالمات
تذكرة ذهاب
تأشرية سياحية
جتديد جوازات
رس خروج
مطار
جارك
أمتعة
طة م
موقف باص
بوابة
مغادرة
وصول
سرييا تل
هاتف
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Lesson One Translations
airport
customs
baggage
station
bus stop
airport gate
departures
arrivals
Syria Telephone
telephones
tourist office
currency exchange
rapid-service / express train
taxi stand
passport checkpoint
information
one-way ticket
tourist visa
passport renewal
exit fee
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Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Two: More Travel Signs
خزانة أمتعة
رحلة مباشرة
ركاب
حمال
محطة الركاب
إذن إقامة
إذن عمل
عربة
جوال
ترانزيت
موقف سيارات
تذاكر
مكتب استعالمات
رحالت دولية
رحالت داخلية
مكتب بريد
رقم الرحلة
مضيفة
تذكرة ذهاب وإياب
بطاقة صعود
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Lesson Two Translations
parking
ticket office
information office
international flights
domestic flights
post office
the flight number
flight attendant
round trip ticket
boarding pass
baggage locker
direct flight
passengers
baggage/luggage handler
the airport terminal
resident permit
working permit
trolley
cell phone
plane connection
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Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Three: Driving in Syria
حتويلة
رج م
مدرسة
تقاطع
صور
ممنوع الدخول
ممنوع االلتفاف
ممنوع الوقوف
األولوية لآلخرين
مطبات
ساحة
اه واحد اجت
طريق عام
طريق غير معبدة
غري نافذ
رصيف
حفريات
قف
مشاة
شطة
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Lesson Three Translations
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square
one way
highway
unpaved road
dead end street
sidewalk
work in progress
stop
pedestrians
police
detour
exit
school
intersection
falling rocks
sidewalk
no u-turn
no parking
yield
bumpy road
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Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Four: Signs on Syrian Roads and Highways
املتحلق اجلنويب
بغداد
يل طريق م
جنوب
حدود السعة
خفف السعة
عبور قطارات
طة بنين م
حلب
خدمة سيارات
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ازدحام مرور
طوارئ الطرق
بريوت
ممنوع التجاوز
استاحة
موقف طوارئ
صيانة سيارات
ان درعا-ع
ممنوع التكم مع السائق.
ممنوع مد الرأس من النافذة.
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Lesson Four Translations
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South Ring Road
Bagdad
local road
south
speed limit
slow down
train crossing
gas station
Aleppo
automobile assistance
heavy traffic
emergency road service
Beirut
double line road - no passing
roadside refreshments / rest area
emergency stop
car service
A highway connecting the cities Daara and Ammaan
Please don’t speak to the driver.
Don’t lean out the windows.
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Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Five: Arabic Loan Words
زعفران
صفة
طينة
تعرفة
ص ح
أمري البحر
اخلوارزيم
شاب
الكحل
ر سك
حشاشني
صفر
اإلكسير
جن
جرة
ليون
جهاد
زن م
مطرح
اجلب
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Lesson Five Translations
assassin
zero
elixir
genie
jar
lemon
jihad
magazine / storehouse or military supply
mattress
algebra
saffron
sofa
tahini
tarrif
hummus
admiral
algorism
syrup
kohl
sugar
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Lesson Six: Expressions and Pastimes
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برجيس
طاولة زهر
شطرنج
ضاما
كراكوز
حكواتي
كرة القدم
كرة السلة
كرة المضرب
الكرة الطائرة
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سباحة
سهرة
حفلة
سيران
مبروك!
ال تواخزني!
دامية
صحتين.
شو هالحكي؟
على راسي! / على عيني!
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Lesson Six Translations
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Two player board gamebackgammonchesscheckers-like gamepuppetsstorytellersoccerbasketballtennisvolleyballswimminglate evening get-togetherpartypicnic“Congratulations!”“I beg your pardon; Excuse me!”“May it last for ever.”“Two healths.”“What are you talking about?”“With pleasure! or “Willingly!” (Literally, “on my head / on my eye,”)
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Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Seven: At the Restaurant
وجبة رئيسية
حلويات
احلساب
إكرامية
اإلكرامية محسوبة
مغاسل
فوطة، من فضلك!
قنينة زيت زيتون
نصف طلب
خلي الباقي
غداء
عشاء
عصرونية
قائمة األكل
مشروبات
صحن اليوم
سلطة
مقبالت
أركيلة
شوربة
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Lesson Seven Translations
lunch
dinner
a snack
the menu
wine list
the daily special
salad
appetizers
water pipe used for smoking tobacco
soup
main dish
sweets
the check / bill
tip included in the check
tip
washroom
A napkin, please!
olive oil cruet
a half portion
Keep the change.
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Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Eight: Medical Terminology
غرفة إسعاف
تأمين
سيارة إسعاف
مشفى
ممرضة
طبيب مناوب
دواء
معالجة طبية
العناية املشددة
تحليل دم
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مرضان.
عندي صداع.
سخنان شوي.
عندي وجع بطن.
رجلي عم تجعني.
كتافي عم تجعني.
سني عم يجعني.
وين فيه صيدلية فاتحة؟
عندي حساسية للمضادات.
ميزان حرارة
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Lesson Eight Translations
emergency room
insurance
ambulance
hospital
nurse
doctor on call
medicine
medical assistance
intensive care unit
blood test
I don’t feel good.
I have a headache.
I have a little fever.
I have a stomachache.
My leg hurts.
My shoulders hurt.
I have a toothache.
Where is an open pharmacy?
I’m allergic to antibiotics.
thermometer
34
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9.
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Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Nine: Traveling by Train
سكة
قطار
قطار سريع
ن قطار ش
مقعد قطار
درجة أولى
بسافر درجة أولى بس.
حجز
محجوز
مقصورة نوم
35
Eastern Arabic 3
عربة نوم
عربة أكل
طة آمر امل
تكييف
جدول مواعيد
نفق
الرجاء عدم الوقوف.
مقصورة
نصف تذكرة
جايب
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
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19.
20.
36
Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Nine Translations
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6.
7.
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9.
10.
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12.
13.
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15.
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19.
20.
track
train
express train
freight train
seat in a train.
first class
I only travel in first class.
reservation
reserved
sleeping compartment
sleeping car
dining car
head of the station
air conditioning
train schedule
tunnel
“No standing.”
compartment
child’s fare
conductor
37
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Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Ten: Supermarket Items
بوظة
خبز
زبدة
فطاير
زيت
خل
ملح
ثوم
فلفل
خيار
خضر
فواكه
جبن
معكرونة
دجاج
لحم
كيلو واحد
منتجات ألبان
لبن
الصندوق
38
Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Ten Translations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
vegetables
fruit
cheese
pasta
chicken
meat
one kilo
dairy products
yogurt
cashier
ice cream
bread
butter
pies
oil
vinegar
salt
garlic
peppers
cucumber
39
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Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Eleven: At the Hotel
االستقبال
مفتاح
مدير
مصعد
غرفة بسريرين
غرفة مفردة
غرفة مع منظر
غرفة مع فطور
غرفة رياضة
إيقاظ
بركة سباحة
باملوس
سونا
تدليك / مساج
صالون حالقة
كونسييرج
عدم اإلزعاج
خدمة الغرف
تحضير الغرفة
فندق خمس نجوم
40
Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Eleven Translations
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3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
reception area
key
director / manager
elevator
a double room
a single room
room with a view
bed and breakfast
gym
wake up call
pool
in season
sauna
massage
hairdresser
concierge
Do not disturb.
room service
to make up the room
five-star hotel
41
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Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Twelve: Items in the Bathroom
معجون أسنان
صابون
صابون سائل
دوش
شامبو
ورق تواليت
آلة حالقة كهربائية
حوض / بانيو
منشفة
مجفف شعر
مغسلة
عطر
بودرة أطفال
برنس
اسفنجة
مرآة
مطهر فم
رغوة حالقة
مزيل رائحة
طاقية حمام
42
Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Twelve Translations
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3.
4.
5.
6.
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8.
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10.
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12.
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15.
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18.
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20.
toothpaste
soap
shower soap
shower
shampoo
toilet paper
an electric razor
bathtub
towel
hair dryer
sink
perfume
baby powder
bathrobe
sponge
mirror
mouthwash
shaving foam
deodorant
shower cap
43
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Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Thirteen: At the Post Office
برقية
ختم
طابع
بطاقة بريدية
فواتير للدفع
صندوق بريد
ل بريد مس
بريد جوي
توفير البريد
طرد
تأخير بالبريد
ساعي بريد
إيصال
وصل استالم
طلب
يرسل
يرسل بالبيد
يقف بالصف
ف بريد موظ
يوقع
44
Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Thirteen Translations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
wire (electronic transfer)
hand stamp / rubber stamp
postage stamp
postcard for use in Syria only
bills paid at the post office
mail box
registered mail
air mail
post office savings account
parcel
mail delay
postman
receipt
return receipt
form
to send
to mail
to stand in line
post office clerk
to sign
45
Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Fourteen: At the Bank
11.
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4.
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حساب جاري
دفعة أولى
فتح حساب
إغالق حساب
حوالة مصرفية
وديعة
كشف حساب
فائدة
قرض
بطاقة صرف / آلة صرف
استثمار مصرفي
سعر الفائدة
قرض رهين
قرض مرصيف
كوة الصراف
دفتر شيكات
نسبة مئوية
انخفاض القيمة
م تضخ
عملية مصرفية
46
Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Fourteen Translations
checking account
down payment
open an account
close an account
bank transfer (female)
deposit
account statement
interest
loan
ATM card /ATM machine
bank investments (male)
interest rate
home equity loan
bank loan (male)
bank window / teller
checkbook
percentage rate
depreciation
inflation
bank transaction (female)
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20.
47
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Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Fifteen: At a Newstand or Bookstore
جريدة
جريدة يومية
مجلة
رسوم كاريكاتورية
دليل سياحي
خريطة مدينة
خريطة طريق
قاموس
رواية
كتاب أطفال
48
Eastern Arabic 3
11.
12.
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16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
قصة بوليسية
تاريخ محلي
كتاب شعر
وصلة إنترنت
عرض لكتاب
كتاب بغالف سيك
طلب خاص
قصة قصيرة
قصة خرافية
رزنامة
49
Eastern Arabic 3
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17.
18.
19.
20.
Lesson Fifteen Translations
newspaper
daily newspaper
magazine
comic book
tourist guide
city map
road map
dictionary
novel
children’s book
mystery story
local history
poetry book
internet connection
book review
hardcover book
special order
short story
fairy tale
calendar
50
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10.
Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Sixteen: Regional Expressions and Holidays
حاجة بأه!
طيب!
ك سنة وإنتو ساملني!
رمضان
عيد الفطر/ العيد الصغير
الحج
عيد األضحى
العيد الكبير
عيد امليالد
عيد الفصح
51
Eastern Arabic 3
كنيسة حنانيا
معلوال
دير مار سركيس
صيدنايا
الجامع األموي
قصر العظم
مسرح بصرى
إيبال
رأس شمرا
قلعة حلب
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
52
Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Sixteen Translations
1.2.3.4.
5.6.7.
8.
9.10.11.12.
13.14.15.16.17.18.19.
20.
Come on! or Stop it!
OK!
May you be safe every year!
Ramadan - month when Muslims fast from dawn to sunset
Smaller Eid - three days of celebrations after Ramadan
The Haj - the annual pilgrimage to Mecca
Eid of Sacrifice - four days of festivities after the annual Haj
Greater Eid - four days of festivities after the annual Haj
Christmas - an official holiday in Syria and Lebanon
Easter - an official holiday in Syria and Lebanon
St. Ananias Church in Damascus
Maaloula - only place in the world where Aramaic is still used today as a living language
Monastery of Saint Sergius
Sednaya - ancient convent
Omayyad Mosque in Damascus
Azem Palace in Damascus
Bosra amphitheater (2 BC)
Ebla - ancient city (circa 2400 BC)
Ras Shamra (Ugarit) - ancient city where first alphabet was developed (7 BC)
Citadel of Aleppo
53
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Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Seventeen: Syrian Proverbs
ساعة إلك وساعة لربك.
ك تحيرو خيرو. إذا بد
حامل السلم بالعرض.
ما بحك جلدك متل ضفرك.
رد بعين صاحبو غزال. الق
من حتت الدلف لتحت املزراب.
أول الرقص حنجلة.
ال تدل شحاد على باب دارك.
كل ممنوع مرغوب.
الغايب حجتو معو.
54
Eastern Arabic 3
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16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
االسكافي حافي والحايك عريان.
كتر األيادي بتحرق الطعام.
دود الخل منو وفيه.
متل خازوق البحرة.
إيد وحدة ما بتصفق.
بدو سلتو بال عنب.
متل الخنفسة بالطاسة.
كما تزرع تحصد.
أجود من حاتم.
الولد سر أبيه.
55
Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Seventeen Translations
Time for fun, time for prayer.
If you want to confuse someone, give them a choice.
Said to someone who makes things more complicated than they have to be. (Literally, carrying a ladder sideways.)
Nothing can scratch your skin like your own nail.
All her geese are swans. (Literally, “A monkey in the eyes of its owner is like a gazelle.”)
Out of the frying pan and into the fire. (Literally, going from under a leaky ceiling to under a downpour.)
Things don’t start at full blast. (Literally, “Dancing begins in a slow movement.”)
Beware of greedy people. (Literally, “Don’t show a beggar where you live.”)
You want what you can’t have. (Literally, “Everything prohibited is desired.”)
An absent person has his excuse. (Said when someone has not arrived when expected. Literally, “A person on the road has an excuse.”)
The cobbler’s children have no shoes. (Literally, “The cobbler is barefoot and the weaver is naked.”)
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Eastern Arabic 3
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20.
Too many cooks spoil the broth. (Literally, “Too many hands burn the food.”)
Family disagreements are from the family itself. (Literally, “Worms in vinegar are produced by it [vinegar].”)
Like a fish out of water. (Literally, “resembles the stake-like stopper of a fountain.”)
A single hand cannot clap.
To be content with a safe escape. (Literally, “He wants his basket empty without grapes.”)
Like a beetle in a cup. (Used when too much effort is exerted to no avail.)
You reap what you sew.
“More generous than Hatim,” a legendary generous man who lived before the rise of Islam.
Like father, like son. (Literally, “A son is the secret of his father.”)
57
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Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Eighteen: Well-Known Syrians
ر أبو ريشة ع
يوسف العظة
عبد الرحن الكواكيب
شفيق جبي
ناظ القديس
هاش األتايس
شكري القوتيل
سلطان باشا األطرش
زيك األرسوزي
إبراهمي هنانو
58
Eastern Arabic 3
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12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
نزار قباين
حافظ األسد
فارس اخلوري
أبو خليل القباين
فريوز
األخوين رحباين
ري صباح ف
أدونيس
حنا مينا
ساطع احلرصي
59
Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Eighteen Translations
Omar Abu Risheh - one of Syria’s and the Arab world’s renowned poets
Yousef al-Azmeh - an officer in the Ottoman Army (Following the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the independence of Syria, he became the first Minister of Defense. He was killed fighting the French invasion and became a national hero.)
Abdelrahman Al-Kawakby - a thinker, social reformer, and journalist
Shakik Jabry - a civil servant, poet, and literary critic
Nazem al-Qudsy - a prominent Syrian political leader (He was president in 1931, 1939, 1954, & 1960.)
Hashim al-Atasy - a prominent Syrian political leader (He was president in 1931, 1939, 1954, & 1960.)
Shukrii al-quwatli - was president in 1943 and 1955
Sultan Pasha al-Atrash - a noted leader of the Druze minority, led the Syrian rebellion against the French
Zaki al-Arsuzi - a thinker and philosopher
Ibrahim Hanano - a leader of the resistance against the French occupation 1920-1945
Nizar Qabbani - the foremost Arab poet of modern times
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10.
11.
60
Eastern Arabic 3
12.
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19.
20.
Hafez al-Asad - the late president of Syria (Created stability in Syria for thirty years.)
Faris al-Khoury - a lawyer and statesman; the first prime minster of the Syrian Republic
Abu-Khalil al-Qabbani - founder of the Arab theater in modern history
Fairuz- a Lebanese singer who enjoyed great popularity in the Arab world, particularly in Syria and Lebanon
The Rahbany Brothers (Mansour and Assi) - revolu-tionized Arab music and revived traditional, classical music and poetry
Sabah Fakhry - one of the two best tenors in the Arab world
Adonis (Ali Ahmad Saeed) - a modern Avant Garde Syrian poet with an international reputation
Hanna Mina - a renowned contemporary Syrian novelist
Sati al-Husri - a writer and stateman; considered the father of Arab nationalism
61
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Eastern Arabic 3
تانينا!
هلل معك!
نياتنا بالشفاء العاجل! ت
نعيا!
د هلل عىل السالمة! احل
مستحيل!
ك عام وأنت بري!
هلل يعطيك العافية!
تكن! بصح
طاب يومك!
Lesson Nineteen: Expressions for Special Occassions
62
Eastern Arabic 3
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12.
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14.
15.
16.
17.
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19.
20.
روق!
يا حرام الشوم!
بحكي معك بعد شوي!
يا هلل!
عىل الطائر امليون!
موفق نشاهلل!
دير بالك عىل حالك!
عقبال ميت سنة!
انتبه!
يا ريت!
63
Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Nineteen Translations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Congratulations! (for a special event)
Goodbye! Literally, “May God be with you.”
Get well soon!
Bless you! -- Cheers! Said when one has finished taking a bath or returned from the barber or hair dresser.
Welcome back! Glad you’re all right! Said after one returns from a trip or has recovered from an illness. (Literally, “Thank God for your safety.”)
No Way!
May you be well every year, said on any festive occasion, for example New Year or Christmas
Good job! (Literally, “May God give you strength.”)
To your health! Cheers!
Have a good day!
Cheer up!
What a pity!
I’ll talk to you soon!
Come on!
64
Eastern Arabic 3
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Have a good trip! Bon voyage!
Break a leg! (Literally, “May God make you succeed!”)
Take good care of yourself!
Happy Birthday! (Literally, “A hundred more years like this one!”)
Watch out!
I wish!
65
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10.
Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Twenty: Some Famous Syrian Dishes
كبة
كنافة
بقالوة
معمول
شيخ امليش
كواج
ملوخية
يش م
درة م
فول مقىل
66
Eastern Arabic 3
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12.
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14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
بامية
رز بفول
بازال ورز
فاصوليا بالزيت
سبان
فطائر سبان / فطائر جب
سمك مشوي
بابا غنوج
حلم مشوي
متبل
67
Eastern Arabic 3
Lesson Twenty Translations
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
kibbeh - comes in many varieties (It is basically a dome-like pocket stuffed with lamb fat, red peppers, onion, walnuts, and spices.)
kunafeh - a baked dessert made from shredded wheat and sometimes stuffed with pistachios or white cheese
baklava - it’s origin is claimed by the Greeks, Turks, and Syrians
mamoul - a soft dough stuffed with pistachios, walnuts, or dates and dusted with confectioners’ sugar
sheikh el-mehshirt - a Syrian dish made from small cored zucchinis stuffed with minced meat, onion, and pine nuts and cooked in yogurt
kawaj - a stew that contains tomatoes, diced zucchini, onions, tomato sauce
mluukhiye - an herb
mahshi - zucchini, eggplant, and bell peppers stuffed with rice and meat
mjaddara - cracked wheat cooked with lentils and served with a layer of carmelized onions on top
68
Eastern Arabic 3
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16.
17.
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19.
20.
foul m’alla - green broad beans stir fried with cilantro and garlic in olive oil
bamya - okra cooked in a tomato-based stew with lamb and served with rice
riz b-foul - rice with green broad beans and lamb
bazilla w-riz - rice with peas and lamb
fasuulia b-zzeit - green beans stir fried in olive oil with cilantro and garlic (Another version is cooked in tomato sauce with garlic.)
sabanekh - spinach
fatayer sabanekh/jiben - pastries with spinach / cheese on top
samak mashwi - grilled fish
baba ghannuuj - an eggplant dip
lahm meshwi - grilled lamb
mtabbal- a dip prepared from mashed carrots or zucchini mixed with tahini, lemon juice, and olive oil
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