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Earthquakes Liz LaRosa http://www.middleschoolscience.com 2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009
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Earthquakes Liz LaRosa 2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

Mar 27, 2015

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Page 1: Earthquakes Liz LaRosa  2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

Earthquakes

Liz LaRosa http://www.middleschoolscience.com 2009 for my 5th grade science class 2009

Page 2: Earthquakes Liz LaRosa  2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

What is an earthquake?

• Used to describe both sudden slip on a fault, and the resulting ground shaking and radiated seismic energy caused by the slip

• Caused by volcanic or magmatic activity, • Caused by other sudden stress changes in the

earth.

Page 3: Earthquakes Liz LaRosa  2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

Three Types of Faults

Strike-SlipThrust

Normal

Page 4: Earthquakes Liz LaRosa  2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

What causes earthquakes?• Tectonic plates move past each other causing

stress. Stress causes the rock to deform– Plastic deformation – does not cause earthquakes– Elastic deformation – rock stretches then reaches

a breaking point, releasing energy.

Page 5: Earthquakes Liz LaRosa  2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

Elastic Rebound – deformed rock goes back to its original shape

http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC-102VisualsIndex.HTM

Page 6: Earthquakes Liz LaRosa  2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

Focus – point inside the Earth where an earthquake begins

Epicenter – point on Earth’s surface above focus

Page 7: Earthquakes Liz LaRosa  2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

How Seismographs Work

http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC-102VisualsIndex.HTM

the pendulum remains fixed as the ground moves beneath it

Page 8: Earthquakes Liz LaRosa  2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

Typical Seismogram

http://isu.indstate.edu/jspeer/Earth&Sky/EarthCh11.ppt

Page 9: Earthquakes Liz LaRosa  2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

Primary Waves (P Waves)

• A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground

• The first wave to arrive at an earthquake

http://daphne.meccahosting.com/~a0000e89/insideearth2.htm

Page 10: Earthquakes Liz LaRosa  2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

Secondary Waves (S Waves)

• A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side

http://daphne.meccahosting.com/~a0000e89/insideearth2.htm

Page 11: Earthquakes Liz LaRosa  2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

Comparing Seismic Waves

Page 12: Earthquakes Liz LaRosa  2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

Surface Waves

• Move along the Earth’s surface• Produces motion in the upper crust

– Motion can be up and down– Motion can be around– Motion can be back and forth

• Travel more slowly than S and P waves• More destructive

Page 13: Earthquakes Liz LaRosa  2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

How do scientists calculate how far a location is from the epicenter of an earthquake?

• Scientists calculate the difference between arrival times of the P waves and S waves

• The further away an earthquake is, the greater the time between the arrival of the P waves and the S waves

Page 14: Earthquakes Liz LaRosa  2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

Locating Earthquakes

http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC-102VisualsIndex.HTM

Page 15: Earthquakes Liz LaRosa  2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

Locating Earthquakes

http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC-102VisualsIndex.HTM

Page 16: Earthquakes Liz LaRosa  2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

Locating Earthquakes

http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC-102VisualsIndex.HTM

Page 17: Earthquakes Liz LaRosa  2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

How are Earthquakes Measured? Richter Scale

Page 18: Earthquakes Liz LaRosa  2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

How are Earthquakes Measured? Mercalli Intensity Scale

Click Link for Interactive Demo http://elearning.niu.edu/simulations/images/S_portfolio/Mercalli/Mercalli_Scale.swf

Page 19: Earthquakes Liz LaRosa  2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

Earthquake Waves & Earth’s Interior

Page 20: Earthquakes Liz LaRosa  2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

Seismic Waves in the Earth

http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC-102VisualsIndex.HTM

Page 21: Earthquakes Liz LaRosa  2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

Tsunamis

http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC-102VisualsIndex.HTM

Page 22: Earthquakes Liz LaRosa  2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

Formation of a tsunami

http://isu.indstate.edu/jspeer/Earth&Sky/EarthCh11.ppt

Page 23: Earthquakes Liz LaRosa  2009 for my 5 th grade science class 2009.

Tsunami Warning System

http://isu.indstate.edu/jspeer/Earth&Sky/EarthCh11.ppt