Earth Rocks Science & Minerals Sedimentary & Metamorphic Rocks.

Earth Rocks Science& Minerals

Sedimentary &Metamorphic Rocks

How are rocks classified

There are 3 types of rocks!

IgneousSedimentaryMetamorphi

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Rocks are classified & identified by …

how they are formed.

Igneous RocksIgneous rock forms when hot, molten rock (melted rock) cools and hardens, becoming solid.

The melting of the rock happens deep within the Earth.

Volcano Eruptions

Magma – hot, molten rock

Lavais magma that has erupted from a volcano

Lava

Igneous RocksMount Rushmore in South Dakota is

made

of

granite.

Sedimentary rock forms when layers of sediment settle on top of one another and harden over thousands, even millions of years.

Sedimentary Rock

These little bits of our earth are washed downstream where they settle to the bottom of the rivers, lakes, and oceans.

Sedimentary RockThese layers are pressed down more and more through time, until the bottom layers slowly turn into rock – Sedimentary Rock.

What is Sediment?

Sediment is made up of soil, shells, bits of rocks, and the remains of dead plants and animal matter.

Sedimentary Rock

Examples of Sedimentary Rock

Newer layers press the older layers.

Older layers are on the bottom.

Examples of Sedimentary RockFossils in the older, lower layers have older fossils.

Scientists who study the ages of rocks also study things that have lived on Earth in the past by studying fossils.

Examples of Sedimentary Rock

Mudstone is used to make cement.

Conglomerate has small gravel and pebbles.

Examples of Sedimentary Rock

Limestone can form from tiny bits of shells and skeletons of sea animals that lived long ago.

Limestone is used to make cement and glass.

Fossils

Fossils

Crayfish

Examples of Sedimentary Rock

Can find at the bottom of lakes or oceans.

Shale is made of very tiny clay particles called silt. Might contain fossils.

Examples of Sedimentary RockSandstone is made of sand particles.

Examples of Sedimentary RockThe Grand Canyon

Much of the Grand Canyon is made of red sandstone.

Metamorphic Rock

Metamorphic rockcan come from igneous, sedimentary,or metamorphicrocks.

Metamorphic rock forms heat and pressure changes how the particles of a rock are arranged forming a whole new rock.

Metamorphic RockMetamorphic means “change of form.”Heat and pressure causes the mineral crystals in the rock to change.

With heat and pressure: limestone becomes marble.

Metamorphic RockThe Taj Majal in India is made out of marble.

Metamorphic RockWith heat and pressure:

granite becomes gneiss

Metamorphic RockWith heat and pressure:

shale becomes slate

All About Rocks!

Let’s Review …

There are 3 types of rocks!

IgneousSedimentaryMetamorphi

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Geology for Kids

All about volcanos

Go to our class website for this powerpoint and even MORE web links.

Good Web Links