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Earth Processes: Part 1: Lithosphere (land) •The student will be able to describe types of rocks and the processes involved in the rock cycle. •The student will be able to explain the theory of plate tectonics and how it relates to
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Earth Processes: Part 1: Lithosphere (land) The student will be able to describe types of rocks and the processes involved in the rock cycle. The student.

Mar 27, 2015

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Alexa Greer
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Page 1: Earth Processes: Part 1: Lithosphere (land) The student will be able to describe types of rocks and the processes involved in the rock cycle. The student.

Earth Processes: Part 1:

Lithosphere (land)•The student will be able to describe types of rocks and the processes involved in the rock cycle.

•The student will be able to explain the theory of plate tectonics and how it relates to the formation of volcanoes and earthquakes.

Page 2: Earth Processes: Part 1: Lithosphere (land) The student will be able to describe types of rocks and the processes involved in the rock cycle. The student.

Geology = the study of the earth

Minerals – naturally occurring solid elements and compounds. Can be made up of all same thing or two different things.

FYI: minerals are to rocks as letters are to words. Minerals make up rocks! Letters make up words!!

Rocks are usually mixtures of 2 or more minerals.

Geology = the study of the earth (lithosphere)Minerals – naturally occurring solid elements and compounds.

FYI: minerals are to rocks as letters are to words. Minerals make up rocks! Letters make up words!!

Rocks are usually mixtures of 2 or more minerals.

Page 3: Earth Processes: Part 1: Lithosphere (land) The student will be able to describe types of rocks and the processes involved in the rock cycle. The student.

Some minerals can form….Three Main Groups of Rocks

Igneous rocks-form from extremely hot melted rock material-MAGMA (ex: granite)Sedimentary rocks-made of mineral grains that become cemented together, under pressure, forming solid rock (ex: limestone)Metamorphic rocks-formed by changes (extreme heat/pressure) in sedimentary or igneous rocks (ex: marble)

Page 4: Earth Processes: Part 1: Lithosphere (land) The student will be able to describe types of rocks and the processes involved in the rock cycle. The student.

Igneous rock

example: Granite

Sedimentary rock

example: Sandstone

Metamorphic rock

example: Marble

Page 5: Earth Processes: Part 1: Lithosphere (land) The student will be able to describe types of rocks and the processes involved in the rock cycle. The student.
Page 6: Earth Processes: Part 1: Lithosphere (land) The student will be able to describe types of rocks and the processes involved in the rock cycle. The student.

PROPERTIES OF ROCKS

•COLOR -this is the least beneficial property to use, especially all by itself.

For example, if you have two white rocks…does that mean they are the same type of rock?

•STREAK-color of pulverized substance, usually tested on tile by trying to “write” with it.

Page 7: Earth Processes: Part 1: Lithosphere (land) The student will be able to describe types of rocks and the processes involved in the rock cycle. The student.

•LUSTER-quality and intensity of light reflected…how shinny or dull is it???

•HARDNESS-ease or difficulty in which it can be scratched.

Mohs’ Hardness ScaleScale from 1 - 10 that ranks how hard or soft a rock is…used as a reference to compare

.

Page 8: Earth Processes: Part 1: Lithosphere (land) The student will be able to describe types of rocks and the processes involved in the rock cycle. The student.

1 is the softest and 10 is the hardest

Page 9: Earth Processes: Part 1: Lithosphere (land) The student will be able to describe types of rocks and the processes involved in the rock cycle. The student.

•CRYSTAL FORM- definite geometric relationship

•foliated = distinct parallel layers/bands•non-foliated = NO distinct layers

•CLEAVAGE-the ability of a mineral to break along preferred planes. (clean break)•FRACTURE-the way a substance breaks where not controlled by cleavage (uneven break)•DENSITY OR “HEAVINESS”•HOW DOES IT REACT WITH CERTAIN CHEMICALS…ACID??•All these properties are used together to identify rocks…never use just one by itself

Page 10: Earth Processes: Part 1: Lithosphere (land) The student will be able to describe types of rocks and the processes involved in the rock cycle. The student.

ROCK CYCLE - All rocks go through a cycle, constantly changing shape due to weathering, erosion,

heat, pressure, hardening and cooling. They can change from one type of rock to another.

(For example, a sedimentary rock will not always be a sedimentary rock.)

Weathering-the breaking down of rocks by weather.

There are two types of weathering: Physical weathering (rocks broken)

Chemical weathering (composition changed)

Erosion -the process by which Earth materials are moved from one place to another.•Wind (rain, waves), water, gravity, ice, organisms

Page 11: Earth Processes: Part 1: Lithosphere (land) The student will be able to describe types of rocks and the processes involved in the rock cycle. The student.
Page 12: Earth Processes: Part 1: Lithosphere (land) The student will be able to describe types of rocks and the processes involved in the rock cycle. The student.
Page 13: Earth Processes: Part 1: Lithosphere (land) The student will be able to describe types of rocks and the processes involved in the rock cycle. The student.

Plate Tectonics-plates of the earth move about on earth, carrying continents and ocean floor with

them.

PANGEA – all continents were once one entire land mass; one continent

Due to Continental Drift /Sea Floor Spreading the continent was broken apart and drifted apart in ocean to where they are today.

Page 14: Earth Processes: Part 1: Lithosphere (land) The student will be able to describe types of rocks and the processes involved in the rock cycle. The student.
Page 15: Earth Processes: Part 1: Lithosphere (land) The student will be able to describe types of rocks and the processes involved in the rock cycle. The student.
Page 16: Earth Processes: Part 1: Lithosphere (land) The student will be able to describe types of rocks and the processes involved in the rock cycle. The student.
Page 17: Earth Processes: Part 1: Lithosphere (land) The student will be able to describe types of rocks and the processes involved in the rock cycle. The student.
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Movements can occur between plates. These movements can cause earthquakes, mountains,

volcanoes, and continental drift.

Fault-zone of weakness in the crust, along which some movement of rock takes place.

There are three types of movements:Divergent - plates moving away from each other (produces sea floor spreading)Convergent - plates moving towards each other (produces volcanoes and mountains)Transform - plates moving parallel to each other in opposite directions (produces earthquakes)

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Sea Floor Spreading

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Results from an earthquake…..

Transform Plate Movement (side to side)

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San Andrea's Fault…What type of movement is this do you think?

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Page 29: Earth Processes: Part 1: Lithosphere (land) The student will be able to describe types of rocks and the processes involved in the rock cycle. The student.

Volcanoes-an opening in the crust through which magma from within Earth flows out as lava (formed from convergent plate movement)

Magma = undergroundLava = above ground

Volcanoes contain a “Zone of weakness”. This zone is like a fault down under and when plates put pressure on it, they push up magma.(subduction zone)

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Old remains of volcano conduit