E learning geography project by Julian Sammut, 3.02

e-Learning Geography e-Learning Geography Project.Project.

Julian Sammut Form 3.2

Physical & Human Geography.Physical & Human Geography.Geography is divided into two parts:Geography is divided into two parts: Physical Geography – the study of natural features of the Physical Geography – the study of natural features of the

Earth, and Earth, and Human Geography - the study of where and how people Human Geography - the study of where and how people

live.live.

Environmental Geography.Environmental Geography.Environmental Geography is the combination of the Physical & Environmental Geography is the combination of the Physical & Human Geography. A natural resources is a source of wealth Human Geography. A natural resources is a source of wealth coming from our planet. People can use resources for their coming from our planet. People can use resources for their advantage. We can use resources in our everyday life to drink, advantage. We can use resources in our everyday life to drink, clean & wash. clean & wash.

Weather & Climate.Weather & Climate.Weather can be described as the general conditions of the air Weather can be described as the general conditions of the air around us. The description of weather is based on a number of around us. The description of weather is based on a number of factors; Temperature, Precipitation, Wind speed, Wind direction, factors; Temperature, Precipitation, Wind speed, Wind direction, Cloud type, Cloud cover, Visibility & General weather.Cloud type, Cloud cover, Visibility & General weather.

Weather & Climate.Weather & Climate. Temperature- measured using a thermometer.Temperature- measured using a thermometer. Precipitation- measured using a rain gauge.Precipitation- measured using a rain gauge. Wind speed- how strong the wind is blowing.Wind speed- how strong the wind is blowing. Wind direction- recorded using a wind vane.Wind direction- recorded using a wind vane. Cloud type- the four main type of clouds are Cloud type- the four main type of clouds are

Cumulonimbus, Cumulus, Stratus & Cirrus.Cumulonimbus, Cumulus, Stratus & Cirrus. Visibility- the distance in M that can be seen.Visibility- the distance in M that can be seen. General weather- words such as Sunny, Rainy & Cloud used General weather- words such as Sunny, Rainy & Cloud used

to describe the weather. to describe the weather.

Weather & Climate.Weather & Climate.

Wind can be described as moving air while temperature canWind can be described as moving air while temperature canbe described as whether it is cold or warm. be described as whether it is cold or warm.

Microclimate is the climate condition of a small area. These are Microclimate is the climate condition of a small area. These are different from general surroundings like schoolyard. The things different from general surroundings like schoolyard. The things which cause Micro-climate are;which cause Micro-climate are;

Physical features- like forests & hills.Physical features- like forests & hills. Shelter - like walls, hedges & trees.Shelter - like walls, hedges & trees. Surfaces - dark surfaces become warmer than light surfaces.Surfaces - dark surfaces become warmer than light surfaces. Buildings - can provide shade from the sun & stored heat during Buildings - can provide shade from the sun & stored heat during

day and released during night.day and released during night. Aspect - classes facing the sun are warmer than classes in the Aspect - classes facing the sun are warmer than classes in the

shade.shade.

The Water Cycle.The Water Cycle.Water can be in the state of Liquid/Gas/Solid. Evaporation happens Water can be in the state of Liquid/Gas/Solid. Evaporation happens when the warm wind blows over the ocean seas. The water on top when the warm wind blows over the ocean seas. The water on top Evaporates. Therefore the Water changes from the Liquid to a Evaporates. Therefore the Water changes from the Liquid to a Gas. Evapotranspiritation happens when water Evaporates from Gas. Evapotranspiritation happens when water Evaporates from the trees and plants. As the moist air rises, it cools and water the trees and plants. As the moist air rises, it cools and water droplets form. This is when clouds form, it is called Condensation. droplets form. This is when clouds form, it is called Condensation. As the water droplets grow larger and fall to the ground. This is As the water droplets grow larger and fall to the ground. This is called Precipitation. It mostly happens in the form of rain. called Precipitation. It mostly happens in the form of rain.

The 3 Types Of Rainfall.The 3 Types Of Rainfall. Relief rainfall - The moist air is forced to rise over the mountains, Relief rainfall - The moist air is forced to rise over the mountains,

as the air rises, it cools, condenses and rain falls.as the air rises, it cools, condenses and rain falls. Frontal rainfall - This happens when a mass of warm air meets Frontal rainfall - This happens when a mass of warm air meets

with a mass of cooler air, warm air is lighter then cooler air and is with a mass of cooler air, warm air is lighter then cooler air and is forced to rise.forced to rise.

Convectional rainfall - The sun warms up the ground, which warms Convectional rainfall - The sun warms up the ground, which warms up the air above it, the warm air rises, it cools and condenses so up the air above it, the warm air rises, it cools and condenses so rain falls.rain falls.

AnticyclonesAnticyclonesAnticyclones are high pressure weather systems. The air is sinking Anticyclones are high pressure weather systems. The air is sinking so there are few clouds. As the air sinks, it warms and therefore so there are few clouds. As the air sinks, it warms and therefore condensation doesn’t take place. No condensation means no condensation doesn’t take place. No condensation means no clouds and therefore no rain. Anticyclones tend to give fine settled clouds and therefore no rain. Anticyclones tend to give fine settled weather which may last several days. They can cover huge areas. weather which may last several days. They can cover huge areas. In summer they bring hot and sunny weather. In winter they bring In summer they bring hot and sunny weather. In winter they bring clear skies, low temperatures with a risk of fog and frost.clear skies, low temperatures with a risk of fog and frost.

Depressions.Depressions.Depressions are Low Pressure weather systems that produce Depressions are Low Pressure weather systems that produce cloudy and rainy weather conditions. Depressions develop when cloudy and rainy weather conditions. Depressions develop when warm air meets cold air. The boundary between the different air warm air meets cold air. The boundary between the different air masses is called a ‘Front’. Depressions show up clearly on satellite masses is called a ‘Front’. Depressions show up clearly on satellite images as great swirls of cloud. Depressions bring a sequence of images as great swirls of cloud. Depressions bring a sequence of weather changes as they pass over head.weather changes as they pass over head.

Ground Water & Surface Water.Ground Water & Surface Water.The water cycle is a never-ending cycle and rain forms part of the The water cycle is a never-ending cycle and rain forms part of the water cycle. Rain is essential for life on earth on earth because water cycle. Rain is essential for life on earth on earth because water is important for plants to grow and to animals to live. When water is important for plants to grow and to animals to live. When rain falls on the ground, some of the water lies on the surface rain falls on the ground, some of the water lies on the surface eventually some of this water sinks slowly into the ground . This is eventually some of this water sinks slowly into the ground . This is called Ground Water. Some of the water ends up in rivers and this called Ground Water. Some of the water ends up in rivers and this is called Surface Water.is called Surface Water.

River Basin.River Basin. Rivers - have a defined structure with a number of features which Rivers - have a defined structure with a number of features which

are common to all rivers.are common to all rivers. Watershed - is an area of highland forming the edge of the river Watershed - is an area of highland forming the edge of the river

basin.basin. River Basin - is the area of land drained by a river following into a River Basin - is the area of land drained by a river following into a

main river.main river. Source - is from where the river begins.Source - is from where the river begins. Tributary - is a small stream following into the main river.Tributary - is a small stream following into the main river. Channel - is where a river flows.Channel - is where a river flows. Mouth - is where a river flows into a lake or the sea.Mouth - is where a river flows into a lake or the sea.

Rivers Around the world.Rivers Around the world.Rivers are found in all the continents. The major rivers are:Rivers are found in all the continents. The major rivers are: Africa - Nile, Zaire & Zambezi.Africa - Nile, Zaire & Zambezi. Asia - Ganges, Volga & Yangtze.Asia - Ganges, Volga & Yangtze. Australia - Murray-Darling.Australia - Murray-Darling. Europe - Danube & Rhine.Europe - Danube & Rhine. North America - St. Laurence, Mississippi & Colorado.North America - St. Laurence, Mississippi & Colorado. South America - Amazon.South America - Amazon.

Flooding ProblemsFlooding Problems

Floods occur when the river’s capacity to carry water is exceeded Floods occur when the river’s capacity to carry water is exceeded or when the sea level rises. Flooding usually effects coastal areas or when the sea level rises. Flooding usually effects coastal areas and river basins. There are several natural and human factors and river basins. There are several natural and human factors which effect flooding. Some of them are:which effect flooding. Some of them are:

Excessive precipitation.Excessive precipitation. Melting of snow,Melting of snow, Failure of man-made dams,Failure of man-made dams, Deforestation,Deforestation, Urbanisation.Urbanisation.

The EndThe End