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(c) Larkhill Consultancy Limited 2014 Dynamic spectrum and the race for mobile capacity 29 th October 2014
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Dynamic Spectrum Access and the race for mobile capacity

Jul 08, 2015

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Andrew Stirling

An overview of how dynamic spectrum access enables the latest generation of Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11af ) to achieve greater coverage and capacity
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Page 1: Dynamic Spectrum Access and the race for mobile capacity

(c) Larkhill Consultancy Limited 2014

Dynamic spectrum and the race for mobile capacity

29th October 2014

Page 2: Dynamic Spectrum Access and the race for mobile capacity

(c) Larkhill Consultancy Limited 2014

Agenda

• Increasing role for licence exempt spectrum sharing in serving the growing mobile data demand

• Importance of lower frequencies – significance of TV white spaces and dynamic spectrum access

• What the arrival of 802.11af and triple band access points will mean for Wi-Fi

Page 3: Dynamic Spectrum Access and the race for mobile capacity

(c) Larkhill Consultancy Limited 2014

Anytime, anywhere on a mobile device …..• Mobile devices are becoming the

dominant means of access to a growing host of online services

• Tablets and smartphones have broadened Internet use

• As services use higher quality images & video, wireless network capacity needs to rise….

• Spectrum is a key input …

Page 4: Dynamic Spectrum Access and the race for mobile capacity

(c) Larkhill Consultancy Limited 2014

Capacity is important but there are other factors

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BroadbandInternet of

ThingsCapacity

Coverage

Flexibility

Resilience

Wireless access networksWAN + LAN

Page 5: Dynamic Spectrum Access and the race for mobile capacity

(c) Larkhill Consultancy Limited 2014

Spectrum availability is critical to meeting expectations for wireless

• Access to spectrum is key to extracting value from wireless technology

• Harmonised access enables economies of scale in equipment

• Wider bands enable greater performance – affecting the dimensioning of networks

• Lower frequencies enable better coverage

• Future networks need to straddle multiple bands to deliver the best possible connectivity to users wherever they are

Frequency

2GHz 3.5GHz1GHz

GSM

TV+

802.11afRadio

200 MHz 600 THz

GSM

3GLTE

Wi-FI

LTE

2.4 2.62.11.8.9.8.47-.79 GHz

Page 6: Dynamic Spectrum Access and the race for mobile capacity

(c) Larkhill Consultancy Limited 2014

Licence exempt access is now a key tool in meeting mobile demand

• Licence exempt networks have taken an increasing share of mobile data traffic

• Licence exemption (LE) is a powerful tool for wireless innovation

• It enables flexible, ad-hoc and device-to-device direct links

• Until now, LE has been confined to short range applications & higher frequencies

• Dynamic spectrum access technology allows higher transmission power according to location & safe sharing with licensed users

Source: TCS-Sensor Lab

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Page 7: Dynamic Spectrum Access and the race for mobile capacity

(c) Larkhill Consultancy Limited 2014

Wi-Fi family tree

802.11b11 Mbps , 20 MHz DSSS,

Band : 2.4 GHz

802.11a54 Mbps, 20 MHz OFDM

Band : 5 GHz

802.11g54 Mbps, 20 MHz OFDM

Band : 2.4 GHz

802.11n600 Mbps, 20/40 MHz, OFDM + MIMO

Bands: 2.4 or 5 GHz

802.11af600 Mbps

Band: TVWS

802.11ac1.3 Gbps

Band: 5 GHz

802.11ad6 Gbps

Band: 60 GHZ

WiGig

.47-.79 (UHF)

2.4 GHz

5 GHz 60

Frequency (GHz)

.47-.79 (UHF)

2.4 GHz

5 GHz 60

Frequency (GHz)

.47-.79 (UHF)

2.4 GHz

5 GHz 60

Frequency (GHz)

.47-.79 (UHF)

2.4 GHz

5 GHz 60

Frequency (GHz)

Source: Mediatek, Larkhill analysis

Page 8: Dynamic Spectrum Access and the race for mobile capacity

(c) Larkhill Consultancy Limited 2014

5 GHz is good for adding capacity

Band Capacity(MHz)

Status

5150 to 5250 MHz 100 the “new global band”

5250 to 5350 MHz 100 OK in many regulatory domains

5350 to 5470 MHz ? problematic everywhere

5470 to 5725 MHz 255 OK in EU; radars limit its use elsewhere

5725 to 5825 MHz 100 OK in EU, but limited to 25 mW

5825 to 5925 MHz EU plans to share with road tolling

Source: Mediatek, Larkhill analysis

Page 9: Dynamic Spectrum Access and the race for mobile capacity

(c) Larkhill Consultancy Limited 2014

60 GHz – massive additional licence-exempt capacity• Opportunity to deploy

large additional Wi-Fi capacity

• Fits well with urban environments where user density is high and fibre access is widely available

• In-room networks

• Point to point links for backhaul (line of sight)

Page 10: Dynamic Spectrum Access and the race for mobile capacity

(c) Larkhill Consultancy Limited 2014

Adding more sub-5 GHz capacity depends on more efficient sharing

• Although spectrum is fully allocated,much is left unused – geographicallyand temporally

• Dynamic spectrum access uses newtechnology to enable opportunistic,licence-exempt access

• This provides a great opportunity toboost the coverage and capacity thatWi-Fi networks can enable

• The Dynamic Spectrum Alliance istaking the technology around the world

OK, you can use channels x, y, z

Geolocationdatabase

My device

I’m in Glasgow

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Page 11: Dynamic Spectrum Access and the race for mobile capacity

(c) Larkhill Consultancy Limited 2014

Source: BT R&D

Lower frequencies help fill coverage gaps and enhance capacity

Simulation of coverage with 20% access point

penetration, in a 1 km2

dense urban area in Fulham, London

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Wi-Fi , 5 GHz Wi-Fi , 2.4 GHz TV White Spaces – 600 MHz

Page 12: Dynamic Spectrum Access and the race for mobile capacity

(c) Larkhill Consultancy Limited 2014

TV white spaces - global opportunity to access lower frequencies

• UHF frequencies have bee allocated for TV broadcasting (470-790 MHz in EU)

• Unused gaps in these bands are called TV white spaces (TVWS)

• New Dynamic spectrum access technology protects TV reception whilst releasing valuable new capacity for licence-exempt use

• Already commercialised in the US, pilot deployments are underway across the rest of the world, as regulators prepare enabling frameworks

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Image source: Ofcom

Page 13: Dynamic Spectrum Access and the race for mobile capacity

(c) Larkhill Consultancy Limited 2014

Dynamic Spectrum Access can enable a full range of business models

Facilitates centralised

infrastructure investment

Scope for innovation

Coexistence of multiple

users/applications

Can protect services

against effects of interference

Enables infrastructure

investment by end users

Wi-Fi LTE

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Page 14: Dynamic Spectrum Access and the race for mobile capacity

(c) Larkhill Consultancy Limited 2014

IEEE 802.11af adds TV white spaces to the Wi-Fi band family

• First wireless LAN standard using geo-location databases for access to spectrum• IETF PAWS will be the predominant interface

• Adapted from state-of-the-art 802.11ac PHY• 6,7 or 8 MHz TV channels for global applicability

• < 35 Mbit/s per TV channel (8 MHz)

• < 560 Mbps with 4 TV channels bonded and 4 spatial paths

• Enterprise management of database access• Using a Registered Location Secure Server

• Maintains a local copy of local white space map

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8 8

8 8

Total: 16 MHz

8

Total: 8 MHz

8 88 8

Total: 32 MHz

8 88 8

802.11afchannel configurations

Page 15: Dynamic Spectrum Access and the race for mobile capacity

(c) Larkhill Consultancy Limited 2014

Three bands improve scalability of Wi-Fi coverage

Kilometres

TV White Spaces

2.4 GHz5 GHz

Tens of metres

10-20 metres

Page 16: Dynamic Spectrum Access and the race for mobile capacity

(c) Larkhill Consultancy Limited 2014

Triple-band Wi-Fi set to become the new norm• Adding 802.11 af to standard Wi-Fi

brings TV white spaces coverage and capacity

• New triple band Wi-Fi will help improve coverage and capacity, in urban and rural locations

• First prototypes were tested in the Glasgow White Spaces Pilot in June 2014

Page 17: Dynamic Spectrum Access and the race for mobile capacity

(c) Larkhill Consultancy Limited 2014

Summary

• Increasing personal connectivity is driving demand for more capacity and better coverage

• Spectrum clearance is too slow, so dynamic spectrum access (DSA) technology enables faster access to extra capacity

• DSA will revolutionise spectrum access & management

• 3. Initially, enabling the TV white spaces to fill coverage gaps as well as adding valuable capacity, using the new 802.11af standard

• Providing a foundation for other bands to be added over time (3.5 GHz is currently under discussion in the US)

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Source: Microsoft

Page 18: Dynamic Spectrum Access and the race for mobile capacity

(c) Larkhill Consultancy Limited 2014

Thank you

• Contact:

[email protected]

About Larkhill

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Page 19: Dynamic Spectrum Access and the race for mobile capacity

(c) Larkhill Consultancy Limited 2014

Further reading

• Background material and information about pilots etc. Dynamic Spectrum Alliance

• The Centre for White Space Communications(University of Strathclyde)

• Microsoft dynamic spectrum access pilots

• White spaces applications in Singapore

• Airties: 802.11ac is not sufficient