DTNT Tribes of Mumbai

DTNT: Orphans of the Metro city, Mumbai

Mathi, Mehul and Kezia went to Reay road to meet people of Nagpanthi community. While Ronald, Rinchen and Shri went to Jai Ambe Nagar slums and visited Wadar community. Kadambari, Goutam and Jaffer documented the woes of Pardhi community in Mankhurd area.

THE DENOTIFIED NEWS www.dailynews.com THE INDIA’S DENOTIFIED TRIBES - Since British times

Introduction Historicity India – 6 million DTNT people – Branded as Criminal tribes during Brittish Rule

De-notified Tribes also known as Vimukta Jati, are the tribes that are originally listed under the Criminal Tribes Act of 1871, as Criminal tribes and reinforced by the systematic commission of non-bailable offences.

Criminal Tribes Act of 1952 repealed the notification, i.e., ‘de-notified’ the tribal communities

Characteristics Weak Economic Characteristics:

More than 90% DTNT’s are BPL & are vulnerable

Traditional occupations declared illegal by modern laws

Livelihood is the biggest fight for survival

Political Characteristics

Not categorized under schedules like SC’s & ST’s

Some are there in the state list but non-uniformity across country

No census of DTNT’s of India since 1931

Victimized by different agencies like Police, BMC etc

Cultural Characteristics

Very close to nature (forest dependencies etc.)

Religious practices

Aimed at protecting nature

IntroductIon to dtnt

According to Budget 2013, DTNT’s are super poor - Since 1802

Three case studies

Setting: Mumbai, Maharashtra

1. Reay Road (Nagpanthis Community)

2. Mankhurd (Paradhi Community)

3. Jai Ambe Nagar,Chembur (Wadar Community)

Introduction to the tribe

Community profile

Basic amenities

Documents

Livelihood

IntroductIon to dtnt

According to Budget 2013, DTNT’s are super poor - Since 1802

THE DTNT LIFESTYLE

Nagpanthis are descendants of Lord Shiva.

Population of the settlement

Migration

Documents

Food

Water

Shelter

Electricity

Hygiene & Sanitation

Education status

Livelihood & Change in livelihood patterns

Seasonal changes

Threats and vulnerabilities

Nagpanthis: Reay Road: NEWS and Marginalities DTNT EXCLUSIVES

THE Nagpanthis Community

Nature of thedocument

No. of documentholders

Voter Identity card 120

Ration card 130(families)

Aadhar card 25

Pan card 30-40

De-notified as tribes but Notified as ‘Chhoors’

Observations: The field area is located opposite to Saathe Nagar, Mankhurd

It is dominated by the Pardhi community, consisting of approx. 500 households

450 households are ration card holders

None of the households still don’t have BPL cards

Only 40 people have Voting IDs

Pardhi: Mankhurd NEWS AND marginalities DTNT EXCLUSIVES

THE Pardhi Community

DTNT - PARDHI

LIVELIHOOD MARGINALITIES Located next to the dumping ground for Taj Hotel and Oberoi Hotel’s food waste

No Electricity

No Sanitation facility

No water facility – have to buy cans at Rs. 5 per 20 litres

Inadequate Ration

Children don’t have access to school education

“Gandagi mein rehte hain..light nahi hai..pani nahi hai..”

Date today 00/00/00

Marginal Paradhi Households

Majority of them are Gajra Sellers & lemon-chilly vendors

Other sources of livelihood : Naka Workers, Beggary

Average Income : Rs. 200 per day

Mistreated and manhandled by Police personnels

Seize their products and penalise upto Rs. 1200/-

“Dhanda karte pe Police wale tang karte hain”

“Abhi toh road pe dhanda karne nahi dete”

DTNT - PARDHI

Post-1972, they have stopped indulging into thefts but after that wherever used to travel, faced social exclusion and the social stigma with the label ‘CHOR’

No Political representation

Living in harmony with the Muslim neighbours

Practice Endogamy

Marriageable Age – 18 for Girls, 25 for boys, however the girls are engaged off at 15 years of age

“Humara koi value nahi hai”

“Yeh sabse sataaya hua tabka hai”

“Apna jaat toh apna hi hai”

Conti..

DTNT - PARDHI

This community, no longer involved in stealing profession

No group leader

No organisation working for the Pardhis

Inaccessability to the basic resources

Stigmatised section

Mistreated by the Police

No help from Local Urban Bodies

Findings…..

HARD WORKING CONTRACT WORKERS

Since 1985 near Cheda nagar Bridge, 50 huts, 250-300 people

Historical Background

Aurangabad, Nanded – Maharashtra

Occupation – Construction contract workers (canals, pipelines, drainages, roads, telephone etc) working in groups unitedly in a closed network

Contemporary Conditions

Migration � for better Livelihood options in the developing cities – like Mumbai

Occupation – Frequency of work & opportunities are more & better paid

Settlement is permanent in Mumbai – even after local migration

JAI AMBE NAGAR, CHEMBUR DTNT EXCLUSIVES

THE

Wadar Community

DTNT - WADAR

LIVELIHOOD MARGINALITIES Daily wage contract laborers

Dependency of payment to workers � is on the contractors (Mukadam) – who is one among them � that in turn depends on his network � with tender holders

Even after local migration � Base remains constant (Chembur)

Highly connected to each other – recommendation migration

Average earning: ranges from 150 – 200 per day or even on task basis Rs. 500/day for a particular task

Spending distribution – Majorly into Education of children & daily expenses

Marginalities Lack of legal settlements, Skills, Education, continues employment & Social protection

Date today 00/00/00

In libris graecis appetere mea. At vim odio lorem omnes, pri id iuvaret partiendo. Vivendo menandri et sed. Lorem volumus blandit cu has.Sit cu alia porro fuisset.

Root Causes

Unsafe Conditi

ons

Dynamic Pressure

Begg-er’s

Nagpanthi’s

Stove- Repairing Sell old newspapers

Cow Feeding

Sewage Line Cleaners

Road Construction Worker

Wadar Paradhi

Theft Gajra Sellers

Lemon Chilly Vendors

VULNERABILITY CONTEXT •Trends in Social exclusion •Lack of educational & any other skills •Seasonality

Liveli-hood Assets

H

N S

F P

TRANSFORMING STRUCTURES & PROCESSES STRUCTURES • Levels of Government interventions • Private Sector

PROCESSES • Laws

• Policies • Culture

• Institutions

Sadly no concrete livelihood strategy in place & as a result no sustainable Livelihood Outcome

SuggeStionS and recommendationS

Concerns• Food – Inadequate

Ration• Water• Shelter• Livelihood• Cows and grazing• Employment• No

Collectivisation

Current Measures• PDS• Supply

• Rehabilitation-SRA• Anti Beggary Act• Only for maldharis

Suggestion• Ration Card• Purified, clean Drinking

Water• Livelihood +

Transportation• Identity Card• Inclusiveness• Separate reservation /

include in ST reservation • Representation in

Assemblies & Parliament.

References - According to References -- - Since 1802

1. “Steal or I’ll call you a thief: ‘Criminal’ Tribes of India”, EPW by Susan Abraham (Economic & Political Weekly)

2. Tanda publications report on pardhi’s, Mumbai City 3. Denotified Tribes to get a better deal in 12th 5 year plan, Article, The Hindu 4. Denotified & Nomadic Tribes : A Perspective, By Milind Bokil, EPW

Thank You According to References -- - Since 1802