Dsp Lab Manual r13 III-II

MPDSP LAB

Dr.K.V. SUBBAREDDY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYDUPADU, KURNOOL

Department of Electronics & Communications EngineeringIII B.Tech-II Sem (E.C.E)

DEPARTMENT OF ECE Dr.KVSRIT Page 1

MPDSP LAB

Dr.K.V.Subba Reddy Institute of Technology:KURNOOLDEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

III B.Tech-II Sem (ECE)DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

CYCLE 1: Software Experiments (Minimum of 5 experiments are to be conducted)

1) Generation of random signal and plot the same as a waveform showing all the specifications.

2) Finding Power and (or) Energy of a given signal.3) Convolution and Correlation (auto and cross correlation) of discrete sequences without

using built in functions for convolution and correlation operations.4) DTFT of a given signal5) N – point FFT algorithm6) Design of FIR filter using windowing technique and verify the frequency response of the

filter.7) Design of IIR filter using any of the available methods and verify the frequency response of

the filter.8) Design of analog filters.

CYCLE 2: Using DSP Processor kits(Minimum of 5 experiments are to be conducted)

1) Generation of random signal and plot the same as a waveform showing all the specifications.

2) Finding Power and (or) Energy of a given signal.3) Convolution and Correlation (auto and cross correlation) of discrete sequences without

using built in functions for convolution and correlation operations.4) DTFT of a given signal5) N – point FFT algorithm6) Design of FIR filter using windowing technique and verify the frequency response of the

filter.7) Design of IIR filter using any of the available methods and verify the frequency response of

the filter.8) Design of analog filters.


MPDSP LAB



MPDSP LAB

III B.Tech-II Sem (ECE)

1) Generation of random signal and plot the same as a waveform showing all the

specifications

a) Generation of Sinusoidal signal

AIM : Generation of Sinusoidal Signal.

APPARATUS REQUIRED : MATLAB Software

PROGRAM : clc; clear all; close all; disp('SINE SIGNAL');N=input('Enter Number of Samples : '); n=0:.1:N x=sin(n) stem(n,x); xlabel('Time'); ylabel('Amplitude'); title('sine Signal');

OUTPUT: SINE SIGNAL Enter Number of Samples : 16


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RESULT:- Thus the MATLAB program for generation of Sinusoidal signal was performed and the output was verified.

b) Generation of Square signal


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AIM : Generation of Square Signal.


PROGRAM :

clear all;close all;clc; N = input('Enter the number of cycles in a square wave....:: ');M = input('Enter the period of the square wave ....:: '); y=0:0.001:2;for j=0:M/2:M*N; x=y; plot(j,x,'r'); hold on;endfor k=0:M:M*N; x=k+y; m=2; plot(x,m,'r') hold onendfor k=2:M:M*N; x=k+y; m=0; plot(x,m,'r'); hold on;endhold offaxis([0 12 -0.5 2.5])xlabel('time---->');ylabel('Amplitude--->');title('Square wave');

OUTPUT

Enter the number of cycles in a square wave....:: 3


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Enter the period of the square wave ....:: 4

RESULT:- Thus the MATLAB program for generation Square wave was performed and the output was verified.


III B.Tech-II Sem (ECE)DEPARTMENT OF ECE Dr.KVSRIT Page 7

MPDSP LAB

2) Finding Power and (or) Energy of a given signal.

AIM : Finding Power and (or) Energy of a given signal.


PROGRAM :

clear all;close all;clc; t = 0:0.01:4;tes = cos(2*pi*t); M = length(tes);sum = 0;for i = 1:M, sum = sum + tes(i)*tes(i);end;disp('Energy of the given sequence is ..... :: ');Energy = sumdisp('Average Power of the given sequence is ..... :: ');Average_power = sum/M

OUTPUT

Energy of the given sequence is ..... ::

Energy = 201

Average Power of the given sequence is ..... ::

Average_power = 0.5012

RESULT:- The power and energy of the given signal is calculated by using a matlab program




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3) Convolution and Correlation (auto and cross correlation) of discrete sequences without using built in functions for convolution and correlation operations.

a) Linear Convolution

AIM : To write a program in MATLAB to perform linear Convolution between two

discrete time sequences


PROGRAM : % MATLAB program for linear convolution%linear convolution programclc;clear all;close all;disp('linear convolution program');x=input('enter i/p x(n):');m=length(x);h=input('enter i/p h(n):');n=length(h);x=[x,zeros(1,n)];subplot(2,2,1), stem(x);title('i/p sequence x(n)is:');xlabel('---->n');ylabel('---->x(n)');grid;h=[h,zeros(1,m)];subplot(2,2,2), stem(h);title('i/p sequence h(n)is:');xlabel('---->n');ylabel('---->h(n)');grid;disp('convolution of x(n) & h(n) is y(n):');y=zeros(1,m+n-1);for i=1:m+n-1y(i)=0;for j=1:m+n-1if(j<i+1)y(i)=y(i)+x(j)*h(i-j+1);end


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endendsubplot(2,2,[3,4]),stem(y);title('convolution of x(n) & h(n) is :');xlabel('---->n'); ylabel('---->y(n)');grid;

OUTPUT :

RESULT : The linear convolution of two sequences is verified by using MATLAB program.

b) Auto Correlation

AIM : To write a program in MATLAB to perform Auto Correlation of Discrète Sequences.


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PROGRAM :

clc;clear all;close all;%% Inputs% You can specify the inputs or can take them through command window% h= input ('enter the sequence h');% x= input ('enter the sequence x');h=[1 1 2 3 4];x=[1 3 5 7 9 2 4 6 8];pp=h;qq=x;% Plot the inputs% subplot(3,1,1); stem(h,'m'); title ('h');ylabel('amplitude')% %% subplot(3,1,2); stem(x,'b'); title ('x');ylabel('amplitude')%% calculate the cross correlationl1= length (h); % calculate length of sequence hl2= length (x); % calculate length of sequence xl=abs (l1-l2); % calculate difference in lengths of sequenceif (l1 > l2)x= [x zeros(1,l)];else if(l2 > l)h= [h zeros(1,l)]; endend h= [h zeros(1, max (l1, l2))];for shift= 0:max(l1,l2); new_x = [zeros(1, shift) x zeros(1, (max (l1 , l2))-shift)];y(shift+1,:)= sum(h.* new_x);endy=y';% Display the correlation sumsubplot(3,1,1); stem(pp,'m'); title ('h');ylabel('amplitude')subplot(3,1,2); stem(qq,'b'); title ('x');ylabel('amplitude')subplot(3,1,3); stem(y,'r'); title ('cross correlation'); xlabel('time');

OUTPUT :RESULT :


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c) Cross Correlation

AIM : To write a program in MATLAB to perform Cross Correlation of Discrète Sequences.


PROGRAM :

close all;


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clear all;clc;x=input('enter the value of 1st sequence');j=input('enter the value of 2nd sequence');h=fliplr(j);disp('the 1st sequence is-');disp(x); disp('the 2nd sequence is-');disp(j);lx=length(x);lh=length(h);n=lx+lh-1;subplot(3,1,1);stem(x);title('1st sequence');subplot(3,1,2);stem(j);title('2nd sequence');hh=[h zeros(1,n-lh)];xx=zeros(n);xx(1:lx,1)=x;for i=2:n for j=2:n xx(j,i)=xx(j-1,i-1); end;end;yy=xx*hh';subplot(3,1,3);stem(yy);disp('cross correlate o/p->');disp(yy');title('y=cross correlastion of x & j');

OUTPUT :RESULT :


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4) DTFT of a given signal

AIM : To find DTFT of a given signal.


PROGRAM :

% Write a MATLAB program to find the DTFT of a given sequence. %Enter the sequence : [1 3 5 6 7 2 4 9 8]

x=input('Enter the sequence : ')


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N=length(x)n=0:N-1K=0:N-1wn=exp(-j*2*pi/N)nK=n'*KwNnK=wn.^nKdf=x*wNnKsubplot(3,1,1)stem(x,abs(df))title('DTFT')xlabel('K')ylabel('Magnitude')subplot(3,1,2)stem(x,angle(df))title('DTFT')xlabel('K')ylabel('phase')wn=exp(j*2*pi/N)nK=n'*KwNnK=wn.^nKinversdf=(x*wNnK)/Nsubplot(3,1,3)stem(x,abs(inversdf))title('Inverse DTFT')xlabel('N')ylabel('Magnitude')

OUTPUT :RESULT :


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5) N-point FFT algoritm

AIM : To find N-FFT of a given Sequence


PROGRAM :%fast fourier transformclc;clear all;close all;tic;x=input('enter the sequence');n=input('enter the length of fft');%compute fftdisp('fourier transformed signal');X=fft(x,n)subplot(1,2,1);stem(x);title('i/p signal');


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xlabel('n --->');ylabel('x(n) -->');grid;subplot(1,2,2);stem(X);title('fft of i/p x(n) is:');xlabel('Real axis --->');ylabel('Imaginary axis -->');grid;

OUTPUT:


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RESULT: The FFT of a given sequence is verified using MATLAB program



6) FIR filtersDEPARTMENT OF ECE Dr.KVSRIT Page 18

MPDSP LAB

AIM : To write a program in MATLAB to Verify FIR filters

SOFTWARE : MATLAB software

PROGRAM : %fir filt design window techniquesclc;clear all;close all;rp=input('enter passband ripple');rs=input('enter the stopband ripple');fp=input('enter passband freq');fs=input('enter stopband freq');f=input('enter sampling freq ');wp=2*fp/f;ws=2*fs/f;num=-20*log10(sqrt(rp*rs))-13;dem=14.6*(fs-fp)/f;n=ceil(num/dem);n1=n+1;if(rem(n,2)~=0)n1=n;n=n-1;endc=input('enter your choice of window function 1. rectangular 2. triangular 3.kaiser: \n ');if(c==1)y=rectwin(n1);disp('Rectangular window filter response');endif (c==2)y=triang(n1);disp('Triangular window filter response');endif(c==3)y=kaiser(n1);disp('kaiser window filter response');end%LPFb=fir1(n,wp,y);[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);m=20*log10(abs(h));subplot(2,2,1);plot(o/pi,m);title('LPF');ylabel('Gain in dB-->');


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xlabel('(a) Normalized frequency-->');%HPFb=fir1(n,wp,'high',y);[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);m=20*log10(abs(h));subplot(2,2,2);plot(o/pi,m);title('HPF');ylabel('Gain in dB-->'); xlabel('(b) Normalized frequency-->');%BPFwn=[wp ws];b=fir1(n,wn,y);[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);m=20*log10(abs(h));subplot(2,2,3);plot(o/pi,m);title('BPF');ylabel('Gain in dB-->');xlabel('(c) Normalized frequency-->');%BSFb=fir1(n,wn,'stop',y);[h,o]=freqz(b,1,256);m=20*log10(abs(h));subplot(2,2,4);plot(o/pi,m);title('BSF');ylabel('Gain in dB-->');xlabel('(d) Normalized frequency-->');

OUTPUT:


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RESULT: Using MATLAB program the FIR filter Verified.



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7) IIR filters

AIM : To write a program in MATLAB to Verify IIR filters

SOFTWARE : MATLAB software

PROGRAM : % IIR filters LPF & HPFclc;clear all;close all;disp('enter the IIR filter design specifications');rp=input('enter the passband ripple');rs=input('enter the stopband ripple');wp=input('enter the passband freq');ws=input('enter the stopband freq');fs=input('enter the sampling freq');w1=2*wp/fs;w2=2*ws/fs;[n,wn]=buttord(w1,w2,rp,rs,'s');c=input('enter choice of filter 1. LPF 2. HPF \n ');if(c==1)disp('Frequency response of IIR LPF is:');[b,a]=butter(n,wn,'low','s');endif(c==2)disp('Frequency response of IIR HPF is:');[b,a]=butter(n,wn,'high','s');endw=0:.01:pi;[h,om]=freqs(b,a,w);m=20*log10(abs(h));an=angle(h);figure,subplot(2,1,1);plot(om/pi,m);title('magnitude response of IIR filter is:');xlabel('(a) Normalized freq. -->');ylabel('Gain in dB-->');subplot(2,1,2);plot(om/pi,an);title('phase response of IIR filter is:');xlabel('(b) Normalized freq. -->');ylabel('Phase in radians-->');


MPDSP LAB

RESULT: Using MATLAB program the IIR filter Verified.


MPDSP LAB

Dr.K.V.Subba Reddy Institute of Technology:KURNOOLDEPARTMENT OF ECE Dr.KVSRIT Page 25

MPDSP LAB

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERINGIII B.Tech-II Sem (ECE)

1) Generation of sine wave and square wave

AIM:- To generate a sine wave and square wave using C6713 simulator

EQUIPMENTS:-

Operating System - Windows XP Software - CC STUDIO 3 DSK 6713 DSP Trainer kit. USB Cable Power supply

PROCEDURE:-

1. Open Code Composer Setup and select C6713 simulator, click save and quit2. Start a new project using „Project-> New‟ pull down menu, save it in a separate

directory (C:\My projects) with file name sinewave.pjt3. Create a new source file using File->New->Source file menu and save it in the project

folder(sinewave.c)4. Add the source file (sinewave.c) to the project

ProjectAdd files to ProjectSelect sinewave.c5. Add the linker command file hello.cmd

Project -> Add files to Project (path: C:\CCstudio\tutorial\dsk6713\hello\hello.cmd)6. Add the run time support library file rts6700.lib

ProjectAdd files to Project (path: C\CCStudio\cgtools\lib\rts6700.lib)7. Compile the program using „projectCompile‟ menu or by Ctrl+F78. Build the program using „projectBuild‟ menu or by F79. Load the sinewave.out file (from project folder lcconv\Debug) using FileLoad Program10. Run the program using „DebugRun or F511. To view the output graphically Select ViewGraphTime and Frequency12. Repeat the steps 2 to 11 for square wave

PROGRAM: (a)


MPDSP LAB

#include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> float a[500]; void main() { int i=0; for(i=0;i<500;i++) { a[i]=sin(2*3.14*10000*i); } }

PROGRAM: (b)

#include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> int a[1000]; void main() { int i,j=0; int b=5; for(i=0;i<10;i++) { for (j=0;j<=50;j++) { a[(50*i)+j]=b; } b=b*(-1) ; } }

Output:- Sine wave


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Square wave:-

Result:- The sine wave and square wave has been obtained.


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2) LINEAR CONVOLUTION

AIM: To verify Linear Convolution

EQUIPMENTS:-


PROCEDURE: 1. Open Code Composer Setup and select C6713 simulator, click save and quit 2. Start a new project using Project New pull down menu, save it in a separate directory

(C:\My projects) with file name linearconv.pjt 3. Create a new source file using File New Source file menu and save it in the project folder (linearconv.c)

4. Add the source file (linearconv.c) to the project Project Add files to Project Select linearconv.c

5. Add the linker command file hello.cmd Project Add files to Project

(path: C:\CCstudio\tutorial\dsk6713\hello\hello.cmd)

6. Add the run time support library file rts6700.lib Project Add files to Project

(Path: C\CCStudio\cgtools\lib\rts6700.lib) 7. Compile the program using project Compile menu or by Ctrl+F7 8. Build the program using project Build menu or by F7

9. Load the linearconv.out file (from project folder impulse response\Debug) using File Load Program 10. Run the program using „Debug Run or F5 11. To view the output graphically Select ViewGraph Time and Frequency 12. observe the values in the output window.


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PROGRAM:

// Linear convolution program in c language using CC Studio #include<stdio.h> int x[15],h[15],y[15]; main() { int i,j,m,n; printf("\n enter value for m"); scanf("%d",&m); printf("\n enter value for n");scanf("%d",&n); printf("Enter values for i/p x(n):\n"); for(i=0;i<m;i++) scanf("%d",&x[i]); printf("Enter Values for i/p h(n) \n"); for(i=0;i<n; i++) scanf("%d",&h[i]); // padding of zeros for(i=m;i<=m+n-1;i++) x[i]=0; for(i=n;i<=m+n-1;i++) h[i]=0; /* convolution operation */for(i=0;i<m+n-1;i++) { y[i]=0; for(j=0;j<=i;j++) { y[i]=y[i]+(x[j]*h[i-j]); } } //displaying the o/p for(i=0;i<m+n-1;i++) printf("\n The Value of output y[%d]=%d",i,y[i]); }


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Output:-

enter value for m 4 enter value for n 4 Enter values for i/p 1234 Enter Values for n 1234

The Value of output y[0]=1 The Value of output y[1]=4 The Value of output y[2]=10 The Value of output y[3]=20 The Value of output y[4]=25 The Value of output y[5]=24 The Value of output y[6]=16

RESULT: Thus linear convolution of 2 sequences is verified using CC Studio


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3) FIR FILTER DESIGN

AIM: To verify FIR filter using CCS Studio.

EQUIPMENTS:-


PROGRAM:

#include<stdio.h>#include<math.h>#define pi 3.1415int n,N,c;float wr[64],wt[64];void main(){printf("\n enter no. of samples,N= :"); scanf("%d",&N);printf("\n enter choice of window function\n 1.rect \n 2. triang \n c= :");scanf("%d",&c);printf("\n elements of window function are:"); switch(c){case 1:for(n=0;n<=N-1;n++){wr[n]=1;printf(" \n wr[%d]=%f",n,wr[n]);}break;case 2:for(n=0;n<=N-1;n++)


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{wt[n]=1-(2*(float)n/(N-1));printf("\n wt[%d]=%f",n,wt[n]);}break; } }

OUTPUT:


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RESULT:

Here we designed FIR filter Using CC studio.


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4) IIR FILTER DESIGN

AIM: To verify IIR filter using CCS Studio.

EQUIPMENTS:-


PROGRAM:

//iirfilters#include<stdio.h>#include<math.h>int i,w,wc,c,N;float H[100];float mul(float, int);void main(){printf("\n enter order of filter ");scanf("%d",&N);printf("\n enter the cutoff freq ");scanf("%d",&wc);printf("\n enter the choice for IIR filter 1. LPF 2.HPF ");scanf("%d",&c);switch(c){case 1:for(w=0;w<100;w++){H[w]=1/sqrt(1+mul((w/(float)wc),2*N));printf("H[%d]=%f\n",w,H[w]);}break;


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case 2:for(w=0;w<=100;w++){H[w]=1/sqrt(1+mul((float)wc/w,2*N));printf("H[%d]=%f\n",w,H[w]);}break;}}float mul(float a,int x){for(i=0;i<x-1;i++)a*=a;return(a);}

OUTPUT:


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RESULT:

Here we designed IIR filter Using CC studio.


Dsp Lab Manual r13 III-II

Documents

given signal

dispsine signal n

generation square wave

design of fir filter

design of iir filter

correlation auto

matlab program

correlation operations